INTRODUCTION TO THESIS WRITING

Lecturer: Aunurrahman, M.Pd

Class: A Morning

Semester: V

Created By: Ria Dwi Pratiwi

(521100005)

SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

(STKIP-PGRI PONTIANAK)

2014

Students' Knowledge of Adverb and Adjectives

Ria Dwi Pratiwi (521100005)STKIP-PGRI PONTIANAK

Abstract

This paper highlights the findings that students' knowledge of adverb and

adjectives. The aim of the study was to know the extent to which students'

knowledge of adverb and adjectives in STKIP PGRI Pontianak. The sample

consisted of 10 students of English department, especially class A Morning,

grade fifth. The research data were collected using test with some questions for

compare between which adverb and which adjective in sentences. Adverb and

adjective is one of the most important parts in learning part of speech. An adverb

can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause. Some

adverbs can be identified by their characteristic "ly" suffix. An adjective modifies

a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An

adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. Adjectives

and adverbs are describing words; describes a noun or pronoun; the latter, a verb,

adjective, or other adverb. In this paper writer tries to identify students'

knowledge of adverb and adjectives

Keyword: Adverb, knowledge, adjective.

A. INTRODUCTION

1. Background

English year by year has been known in Indonesia. But to learn English is

actually very complex. It covers skills that must be mastered if someone wants to

more success in mastering English, there are four skills in English learning such

listening, speaking, reading and writing skill. We can increase our speaking by

conversation, debate, speech, role-play and retell the story. While in listening, we

can also listening English song and converse with other people. We can write our

short story and unforgettable experience or diary to increase our writing skill.

Meanwhile, we can read and understand the contents of the texts to increase our

reading skill. We must understand the function of each word of sentence to

increase our English knowledge.

To improve our vocabularies, we can also learn kinds of word, for

example noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. We can analyze the function and kind

of the word that is in the text. We often consider that it is a simple thing and it is

not important to be learned. I just look at the meaning of the text and ignore or

neglect the function and kind of the words. Whereas, kinds of word are important

components in English learning because those are very useful for us when we will

express our utterances or write English sentences. The simple example is the

differences between adjective and adverb. Some students still confused to

distinguish between adjective and adverb. This is due to the similarities, because

some of the adverb can be formed from adjective by adding -ly at the end.

Besides, Sri Sugiharti quote Nunan (1998:101) mastering second language is

some students have difficulties, therefore, in mastering a language skills, some of

students have difficulties, such as grammar in general and adverb in particular. To

master adverb students mostly get bit problem how to distinguish adjective and

adverb.

2. Research Questions

1. What characteristics of the adjective and adverbs?

2. What the extent to which students' knowledge of adverb and adjectives?

3. Research purposes

The purpose of this research is expected useful for learning English. So,

this studies to know the extent to which students' knowledge of adverb and

adjectives, as well as facilitate comparison between the two in learning.

B. LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Definition Adjective

Adjective is a kind of word (a part of speech) that modifies (describes) a

noun. Nouns are words that name a place, a person, a thing, or an idea. An

adjective is a word that gives more information about the noun that goes with

it (accompanies). (Wikipedia)

a. Characteristic Adjective

Adjectives are known to possess certain characteristics which include the

following:

A. We can form adjectives from nouns and verbs by adding suffixes.

Examples:

a. Wood (n) + en = wooden; laugh (v) + able = laughable

b. Fear (n) + less = fearless; differ (v) + ent = different

B. We can modify most adjectives by 'very'. Example very well,  very pretty,

very useful, very important.  

C. All adjectives (apart form the proper ones) can take “-ly” ending to form

an adverb, e.g.,

a. Peaceful + ly = peacefully

b. Effective + ly = effectively

c. Loud + ly = loudly

D. We can compare adjectives in comparative and superlative degree. 

Examples:

Positive comparative superlative

Big bigger biggest

Young younger youngest

Many more most

Beautiful more beautiful most beautiful, etc

Note: However, that some adjectives do not have degrees of comparison'

e.g. Unique, round.

2. Definition Adverb

Adverb is a word or phrase that modifies the meaning of an adjective,

verb, or other adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree (e.g. gently, here,

now, very). Adverbs can also modify prepositional phrases, subordinate clauses,

and complete sentences. Some adverbs, for example sentence adverbs, can also

be used to modify whole sentences. (Oxford dictionary online)

Adverb is a word that changes or qualifies the meaning of a verb,

adjective, other adverb, clause, sentence or any other word or phrase, except that it

does not include the adjectives and determiners that directly modify nouns.

Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech, although the wide

variety of the functions performed by words classed as adverbs means that it is

hard to treat them as a single uniform category. (Wikipedia)

Etymology: From the Latin, "in relation to" + "word"

a. Characteristic Adverb

Adverbs have certain characteristics by which they can be identified and

distinguished from other parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. The

characteristics include the following:

1. Most adverbs in English end with suffix ‘-ly’ e.g. quickly, hurriedly, gently,

wisely, quietly, etc. Wiredu (1998:5), however, observes that some other

words end with ‘-ly’ yet they are not adverbs e.g. friendly, brotherly, homely,

likely, lively, lovely, manly, etc. All these are adjectives; not adverbs.

Examples:

a. He has a manly posture.

b. My teacher gave me brotherly pieces of advice.

c. Homely youth homely experience.

Some other adverbs do not have the suffix ‘-ly’ attachment at all. Some examples

are too, far, so, very, quite etc. These are adverbs of degree otherwise known as

intensifiers.

2. Adverbs can be formed by adding the suffixes' - ward' and' wise' to some

words in English.

Examples:

a. back + ward   = backward

b. down + ward = downward

c. home + ward = homeward

d. like + wise     = likewise

e. street + wise  = streetwise

3. Adverbs form their comparative and superlative degrees exactly like adjective.

Examples:

Word Comparative form Superlative form

Perfectly more perfectly most perfectly

Happily more happily most happily

Early earlier earliest

4. Some adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms.

Examples:

a. well better best

b. little less least

c. much more most

3. Distinguishing Between Adjectives and Adverbs

Sometimes the same word can be both an adjective and an adverb. In order

to distinguish between them, it is important to look at the context of the word and

its function in a sentence.

1. The fast train from London to Cardiff leaves at three o'clock.

2. The sprinter took the bend fast.

3. The bed was hard and gave me a bad night's sleep.

4. After faltering, the horses hit the fence hard.

In the first and third sentences, the words fast and hard modify nouns. The

first is an attributive adjective, coming before the noun it modifies; the second is a

predicative adjective, coming after the verb to be. In the second and fourth

sentences, the words fast and hard modify verbs. These are both circumstance

adverbs which are in the end position."

(Sara Thorne, Mastering Advanced Language, 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008)

"The comparative and superlative inflections, -er and -est, combine with

adverbs as well as with adjectives, although in a much more limited way. The

comparative form of -ly adverbs, usually formed by adding more rather than -er,

is fairly common. The superlative degree--most suddenly, most favorably--is rare

enough in both speech and writing to have impact when used; it invariably calls

attention to itself, and in most cases will have the main focus and main stress of

the sentence: The committee was most favorably impressed with the proposal."

(Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed. Allyn

and Bacon, 1998)

Simple distinguishing between adjectives and adverbs:

1. Adjective can be used in two ways, namely (1) before the noun (a

beautiful song / beautiful singing, a tired expression / speech is boring, a

typical writer / author is typical). This position is called attributively. And

(2) After be / is, seems and some other verbs. This is called predicative

position. (She's beautiful / she is beautiful, she looked tired / she looks

tired).

2. Adverb gives information about actions. (she sings beautifully / she sing

good, I am coming soon / I will come soon, you always misunderstand me

/ you misjudged me)

C. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. Research design

This study compare between an adverbs and adjectives. The writer

is using the survey because in this study, the writer is going to find out the

extent to which students' knowledge of adverb and adjectives. The writer

using the pre-test, where the writer give some question to know the extent

to which students' knowledge of adverb and adjectives.

2. Population and sample

a. Population

Population is a generalization area consisting of: objects / subjects

that have certain qualities and characteristics are determined by the

investigator to be studied and then drawn conclusions (According

Sugiyono, 2009: 61). So, the population in this study is all students of

English department, class A Morning, fifth grade. This amounts to 42

students, with details of 27 female students and 15 male students

remaining. Characteristics in this study are: (a) class A morning fifth

semester, (b) not a transfer student.

Distribution of Class A morning (Attachment)

b. Sample

The sample is part of the number and characteristics possessed by the

population. When large populations and researchers may not learn all that

there is in the population, because this samples taken from the population

to rigorously Representative (According Sugiyono, 2009: 62). The writer

takes the samples in A Morning class, fifth semester English Education at

STKIP PGRI Pontianak. The number of student is 10. (Attachment)

3. Technique of Data Collection

Collection data in the form of a statement about the nature,

circumstances, certain activities and they like. Collection data was

conducted to obtain the information needed in order to achieve the

research objectives (Gulo, 2002: 110). These data collection methods

including self-report category (personal report) / description (self

descriptive). Individual reports on the situation himself by inquiries or

orders given to him.

In this study the writer used a test to find out the extent to which students'

knowledge of adverb and adjectives. The type of test that is given is:

(attachment)

4. Technique of Data Analysis

According Ardhana 12 quote Lexy J. Moleong 2009:103) explains

that data analysis is the process of arranging the order of the data,

organizing into a pattern, category, and description of the basic unit.

According to Taylor, (1975:79) defines data analysis as the process of

detailing a formal effort to find a theme and formulate hypotheses (ideas)

as suggested and as an effort to provide assistance and theme of the

hypothesis.

In this study, the writer provided a test to the student to determine

students' knowledge of adverb and adjectives.

Attachment 1

Population

NO Name of students Class

1 Abang M.Rizkan A MORNING

2 Afriani krisnawati

3 Aristi wedasari

4 Astri jesika sari

5 Daw munanda

6 Desma lestari

7 Dian nurfita

8 Felisianus

9 Firmansyah

10 Gerda lidia sidabutar

11 Gunang simatupang

12 Hengki pranata

13 Herni fitriana

14 Irna arisna

15 Kaisar zulfikar

16 Kholifudin roma

17 Konstantin bramandita

18 Kosmas edi kurniawan

19 Marcella agustina yesi

20 Meli ricardo

21 Mikawati

22 Moses natalis

23 M.Zainudin

24 Nanda puspitasari

25 Normayanti astuti

26 Osela bucka ginting

27 Paskalis suharyo

28 Paula damayana

29 Rahmawati risana

30 Rain lesmiati

31 Resty fisky febrianty

32 Ria dwi pratiwi

33 Rizal erwijaya

34 Rizki putri utami

35 Sartika

36 Sisilina koya

37 Sri wahyuni

38 Sulastri

39 Triyani

40 Wahyuna safitri

41 Wahyuni anggerianti

42 Vidia apriani

Total 42

Attachment 2

Sample

NO Name of students Class

1 Afriani krisnawati

A MORNING

2 Dian nurfita

3 Firmansyah

4 Irna arisna

5 Nanda puspitasari

6 Normayanti astuti

7 Paskalis suharyo

8 Paula damayana

9 Sartika

10 Triyani

Total 10

Attachment 3

Research instrument

Find out by taking this little quiz. Identify the underlined word or words in

each of the following sentences. Hint: The answer will be either “adjective”

or “adverb.”

____ 1. My school colors were “clear.”

____ 2. Question: How many surrealists does it take to screw in a light bulb?

Answer: Two. One to hold the giraffe firmly and the other to fill the bathtub with

brightly colored machine tools.

____ 3. If the cops arrest a mime, do they tell her that she has the right to remain

silent?

____ 4. Maybe you're right. Maybe I should have been insulted when the mind

reader charged me half price.

____ 5. For three days after death, hair and fingernails continue to grow slowly,

but phone calls taper off.

____ 6. Diplomacy is the art of saying “nice doggy” until you can find a big rock.

____ 7. Is it true that cannibals don't eat clowns because they taste funny?

____ 8. Murphy's Oil Soap is the chemical most commonly used to clean

elephants.

____ 9. Giraffes have no vocal cords.

____ 10. A man ordered a taco. He asked the server for “minimal lettuce.” The

server said he was sorry, but they only had iceberg.

Attachment 4

Blue print

No Indicator Number

1 Adjective 1, 4, 6, 9, 10

2 Adverb 2, 3, 5, 7, 8

REFERENCES

Sri sugiharti (2013), The adverb mastery of the first semester students of English

department of UNRIKA. UNRIKA. Batam. URL:

http://unrika.ac.id/index.php/the-adverb-mastery-of-the-fisrt-semester-students-of-

english-department-of-unrika/

Kwasi Wiredu (1998:5). Toward Decolonizing African Philosophy and Religion.

African Studies quarterly: The online journal for African Studies (I(4): 3. Online

URL: http://web.africa.ufl/edu/asq/v1/4/3/htm and

http://dli.unilag.edu.ng/files_new/gstandges/GES101/characteristics_of_adverbs.h

tml.

Sara Thorne (2008), Mastering Advanced Language, 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan.

Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed. Allyn

and Bacon, 1998. URL: http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/adverbterm.htm

Sugiyono (2009). Statistika Untuk Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabet

Gulo, W. 2002. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Grasindo.

Lexy J. Moleong 2009. Metode penelitian kuantitatif.

Taylor, S.J and Bogdan, R. (1975). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methode.

New York : John Willey and Sons, 1975.

Other recourse:

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

http://dli.unilag.edu.ng/files_new/gstandges/GES101/

characteristics_of_adjectives.html

http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/adverbs.html

http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/adjectve.html

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/adverb

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbs

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective

http://www.papanputih.com/2013/05/adjective-dan-adverb.html#more