1

Reservoir Modeling for EOR Associated Storage in Closed Carbonate Reef Oilfields (MRCSP)

Priya Ravi Ganesh and Dr. Neeraj GuptaBattelle, Columbus, Ohio

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop

Morgantown, WV

August 6, 2014

DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement # DE-FC26-0NT42589

MRCSP‘s 10 years of achievements!

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Phase IIILarge Scale Field Validation

Site Selection, Permitting, Site Characterization, Site Preparation,

and Baseline Monitoring

MI Injection Operations

(Multiple Reefs)

Post Injection

Monitoring

Phase IISmall Scale Validation

Phase ICharacterization

2 IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV

OH Site MI Saline MI EOR Fields

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1.0E-10 1.0E-08 1.0E-06 1.0E-04 1.0E-02 1.0E+00 1.0E+02

pre

ssu

re b

uil

du

p (p

si)

r^2/t (m^2/s)

M2Φ,w - Eq. 21

M2Φ, eff - Eq. 25

STOMP

MBL - Eq. 9

MRCSP is part of a portfolio of Battelle

projects to enable CCS deployment

3

Field tests for MRCSP Geologic storage lead for

FutureGen 2.0

Post monitoring at

AEP Mountaineer

Developing simplified

models for DOE-Industry

R&D assessment of

wellbore integrity

Assessing CCUS

Options in Ohio

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV

Pinnacle reefs formed

in a shallow shelf of an

ancient ocean.

Closed carbonate reservoirs

surrounded by evaporite layers

General model of study area Depositional System

Core Energy’s EOR infrastructure used for

testing geologic storage of CO2

Core Energy

Compressor

Core Energy

Existing Pipeline

Charlton 6

Charlton 30/31

Dover 33

Dover 35

Chester 5

Dover 36

Chester 2

Dover 33 is the

main test bed

Active reefs also

being monitored

Natural gas processing

provides the CO2

5

Pre-EOR reef TBD

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV

Dover 33 Reef EOR Operations

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV6

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,0004/1

/96

10

/1/9

6

4/1

/97

10

/1/9

7

4/1

/98

10

/1/9

8

4/1

/99

10

/1/9

9

4/1

/00

10

/1/0

0

4/1

/01

10

/1/0

1

4/1

/02

10

/1/0

2

4/1

/03

10

/1/0

3

4/1

/04

10

/1/0

4

4/1

/05

10

/1/0

5

4/1

/06

10

/1/0

6

4/1

/07

10

/1/0

7

4/1

/08

10

/1/0

8

4/1

/09

10

/1/0

9

4/1

/10

10

/1/1

0

4/1

/11

10

/1/1

1

4/1

/12

10

/1/1

2

4/1

/13

10

/1/1

3

4/1

/14

Cu

mu

lati

ve C

O2 (

MT

)

Cu

mu

lati

ve O

il (

BB

L)

Dover 33 - Cumulative Production/Injection

Cumulative Oil (BBL) Cumulative CO2 Injected (MT) Cumulative CO2 Produced (MT) Net CO2 in Reef (MT)

Phase III Injection

139,037

236,063

334,826340,767356,027356,015356,680368,265372,994374,494

462,256476,335

596,930653,435

807,672

974,134

1,133,991

1,321,633

1,378,224

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Net

in R

eef

CO

2 (

MT

)

Net in Reef CO2 (MT)

Dover 33 EOR Unit Dover 36 EOR Unit Dover 35 EOR Unit

Charlton 30/31 EOR Unit Charlton 6 EOR Unit Chester 2 EOR Unit

Chester 5 EOR Unit Total EOR Net In Reef CO2 (MT)

Net CO2 in reefs increases over time

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV7

• Late stage, Dover 33, serves as main

test bed for monitoring techniques

• Instrumented wells and pipelines in active fields to track CO2 injection and CO2, brine, and oil production

• Lessons learned to applied for MVA in for newly targeted field for EOR

Borehole gravity meter

being assembled

Model assessing feasibility of the borehole gravity

meter to measure changes in formation density in

response to CO2

MRCSP Dover 33 field monitoring

8

Modeling objective is to emulate actual

reservoir behavior

To build a representative model of the depleted Dover-33

reef (reservoir) that can help us predict/ validate reservoir

response to current CO2 injection.

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV9

Sensitivity of dynamic reservoir behavior

to alternate geologic models is studied

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV10

Static Earth Model

(SEM) Level 1

Property distributions

constrained by geologic

formation surfaces.

Property distributions

constrained by

lithofacies.

Static Earth Model

(SEM) Level 2

Geologic surfaces based on 3D seismic and well data.

Dover-33 (carbonate reef) represented in

various levels of geologic detail

SEM1 Porosity Model

SEM2 Porosity Model

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV11

Main dynamic modeling steps

2. System / reservoir specification

BLACK OIL MODEL

COMPOSITIONAL

MODEL

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV12

3. Model performance calibration to historical data

1. Fluids definition/ treatment

4. Injection response validation

Determining total compressibility in the absence of fluid saturation distribution from field.

Initialization of SEM1 in black oil simulator

1-3329565 55942

2,011,000 2,012,000 2,013,000

2,011,000 2,012,000 2,013,000

4,1

00

4,2

00

4,3

00

4,4

00

4,5

00

4,6

00

3,9

00

4,0

00

4,1

00

4,2

00

4,3

00

4,4

00

4,5

00

4,6

00

4,7

000.00 355.00 710.00 feet

0.00 110.00 220.00 meters

File: l1_prim_kmulti_2x_omegaco2 - copy.irf

User: RAVIGANESHP

Date: 7/30/2014

Scale: 1:5558

Z/X: 3.00:1

Axis Units: ft

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

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0.80

0.90

1.00

Water Saturation 1975-01-01 J layer: 17

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV13

Initial water

saturation

Successful replication of historical production

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV14

(a) (b)

(d)(c)

Gas injection Avg. pressure

(a) (b)

(d)(c)

Oil production Gas production

Black-oil model under-predicts reservoir

pressure during CO2 injection

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV15

Pressure under-predicted possibly due to

Reservoir dimensions

CO2

Solubility

Compositional model

Initialization of the revised compositional

SEM1 model

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV16

Model revised to stay within lease boundaries.

Initial water

saturation

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV17

Preliminary history-match for compositional

model of Dover-33

Oil Production

Average reservoir pressure

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV18

Total compressibility, calculated from material

balance, varies for each injection period

∆𝑷 =𝑸

𝑨𝒉∅𝑪𝒕

Complex CO2 phase behavior influences

reservoir response

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV19

V V LL SL

V

L

S

Vapor

Liquid

Supercritical

Pressure response in the 3 wells provide

input indicators to reservoir analysis

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV20

All 3 wells show progressive

increase in pressure

following each CO2 injection

event, indicating the

reservoir is behaving as a

closed system

Summary and next steps

• Transition to compositional model.

• Link with analytical modeling to predict CO2

injectivity in other reefs.

• Extract single-well simulation model to match

injection-falloff periods.

• Incorporate geochemical and geomechanical

aspects in reservoir models.

• Compare modeling with other monitoring results.

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV21

Acknowledgements

• MRCSP is funded by DOE/NETL under Cooperative

Agreement # DE-FC26-0NT42589 with Andrea McNemar

as the DOE Project Manager

• Battelle’s MRCSP team

• Core Energy LLC, including Bob Mannes and Rick

Pardini

• Western Michigan University

IEAGHG Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Morgantown, WV22