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Resettlement Planning Document
The short resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Short Resettlement Plan – Pulicat Bridge Document Stage: Final Project Number: 39114 March 2007
INDIA: Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project
Prepared by Highways Department, Government of Tamil Nadu for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
INDIA: TSUNAMI EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE PROJECT (TAMIL NADU)
SHORT RESETTLMENT PLAN
for
Pulicat Bridge
Prepared by
HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT Government of Tamil Nadu
India
March 2007
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
Pulicat Bridge
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Contents
List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................3
Executive Summary of the Short Resettlement Plan ........................................4
Section A. Description of the Project .............................................................8
Section B. Definitions and Terminologies .......................................................9
Section C. Scope of Land acquisition and Resettlement.................................. 10
Section D. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan .................................... 14
Section E. Socioeconomic Profile of the Affected Household............................ 14
Section F. Gender Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...................................... 19
Section G. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework .............................. 19
Section H. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP .............................. 24
Section I. Institutional Responsibility .......................................................... 25
Section J. Implementation Arrangements .................................................... 27
Section K. Grievance Redressal .................................................................. 28
Section L. Compensation and Livelihood Restoration ..................................... 28
Section M. Budget.................................................................................... 29
Section N. Implementation Schedule........................................................... 31
Section O. Monitoring & Evaluation ............................................................. 31
Appendices
I. Summary of Affected Persons ............................................................... 34
II. Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan.................................................. 36
III. TOR for NGO / agency......................................................................... 38
IV. TOR for an External Monitoring & Evaluation Consultant/Agency ................ 43
V. Livelihood Support Programme.............................................................. 46
VI. List of Participants in Consultation ......................................................... 50
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List of Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
AH Affected Household
AP Affected Person
BPL Below Poverty Line
EA Executing Agency
GoTN Government of Tamil Nadu
GRC Grievance Redressal Committee
HLB High Level Bridge
IA Implementing Agency
IAY Indira Awaas Yojana
IR Involuntary Resettlement
IRC Indian Road congress
IRP Involuntary Resettlement Policy
LA Land Acquisition
LVAC Land Value assessment Committee
NGO Non Governmental Organization
NPRR National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation
PMU Project Management Unit
RADMMD Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department
RF Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu)
RoW Right of Way
RP Resettlement Plan
SC Scheduled Caste
SHGs Self Help Groups
ST Scheduled Tribe
TEAP Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project
WHH Women Headed Household
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Executive Summary of the Short Resettlement Plan A. Description of the Project
Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges (HLB) under the
Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian Development Bank
(ADB). Pulicat HLB is one among the 5 HLBs and is being proposed across ‘Pulicat’ Lake
between Pulicat (Palzhverkadu) village on the main land and Light House Kuppam
Panchayat (eight island villages / hamlets).
In line with ADBs operational manual on involuntary resettlement and resettlement
framework for TEAP, the Highways Department of Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN), the
Implementing Agency (IA), has prepared this short resettlement plan (RP). This short RP
identifies the broad scope of the project and outlines the policy, procedures for acquisition
of land, magnitude of impact, compensation and other support measures for affected
persons and institutional requirements for the implementation.
B. Scope of Land Acquisition & Impacts
The project involves the construction of a high level bridge across Pulicat lake connecting
the eastern side, Light House Kuppam panchayat villages, with the western side main land,
Pulicat village. The construction of a bridge does not involve any land acquisition as it is
government land.
The project also involves strengthening the approach roads on both sides. While the
strengthening of the approach road on the western side is along the existing road and does
not involve any land acquisition, 280 metres of the approach road on the eastern side will
involve land acquisition.
In line with ADBs principles of involuntary resettlement planning, the project avoided
involuntary resettlement wherever possible by constructing approach road along the
existing available space. Though the available RoW on the western side approach road is
16m to 20m, the construction has been restricted to 7.5m to minimize impact to squatters.
However, the project will require 0.28.00 hectare of private land for formation of 280
metres of approach road on the eastern side and will cause major1 impact to the land
holding of 1 landowner. The strengthening of 7.5m approach road on the western side will
cause major impact to 18 shopkeepers; 2 residences (those squatting on government
land); and indirect impact to 6 ferry service operators.
The census survey undertaken during the 1st fortnight of August 2006 has identified 21
families as project affected families involving 117 persons (project affected persons) and
22 employees. Further, the project causes indirect impact to 6 families operating ferry
service involving 32 persons. Further, the shops getting affected employ 22 persons whose
1 Losing more than 10% of their productive assets (income generation).
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livelihood will get affected. Therefore, this project will be categorized as Category-B as the
involuntary resettlement impact is ‘not significant’2. The summary of project affected
families is given vide Appendix-I. The magnitude of impact is given in Table 2.
Magnitude of Impact
Details of Affected Population
Type of Loss Details of Affected Asset No. of Affected
Households (HH)
No. of Affected Persons (APs)
1. Agricultural land
These households comprise of those losing their agricultural land. 1 HH losing agricultural land is
losing more than 10% of his total land holding and
- Entire land being acquired is dry land and uncultivable.
- Perennial Tree 6 nos.
1 5
These households comprise of those doing business in Govt. land and have no title for the land 18 HH losing place of business
18 99 2. Loss of commercial structures of squatters These shops employ 22 persons who
would be losing their source of income
- 22
3. Loss of residential structure of squatters
These households comprise of those living in Govt. land and have no title for the land 2 HH losing place of living
2 13
4. Indirect impact
These households comprise of those losing their income from ferry service operation. 6 affected ferry service operators
6 32
Total 27 171
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
C. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan
This short resettlement plan is prepared in accordance with ADBs policy on involuntary
resettlement that aims at (i) avoiding involuntary resettlement wherever feasible; (ii)
minimizing resettlement where population displacement is unavoidable by choosing
alternative viable project options; and (iii) where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable,
to ensure that affected people receive assistance, preferably under the project, so that
they will be at least as well off as they would have been in the absence of the project.
D. Gender Impacts & Mitigative Measures
The women will directly benefit by the proposed bridge as it would provide them easy
approach to the main land from their homes. It will also benefit school going female
children who can avoid the unsafe boat ride and in case of emergency this bridge will
provide easy access to health care. During Tsunami, majority of the dead were women and
2 “Not significant” means less than 200 people will be (i) physically displaced from housing, or (ii) losing 10% or more of their productive assets (income generating).
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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children who were caught in the tidal waves and to these vulnerable category this bridge
will be a boon. However, the construction of the bridge will have direct impact on 2 Women
Headed Households (WHHs).
E. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework
The resettlement principles adopted for this subproject recognize the Land Acquisition (LA)
Act 1894 and the entitlement benefits as listed in the National Policy on R&R, (Govt of
India) as notified in February 2004 and the relevant Asian Development Bank’s (ADB)
policies and operations manuals, in particular the policy on Involuntary Resettlement
(1995), and Operations Manual F2 on involuntary Resettlement (2003), and agreed
Resettlement Framework.
The RP is based on the general findings of the census survey, field visits, and meetings
with various project-affected persons in the project area. The Entitlement Matrix for TEAP
projects in Tamil Nadu provides for compensation and resettlement assistance to all
affected persons including the non-titleholders in the project area. In general terms, the
people affected by the Project will be entitled to the following types of compensation and
assistance - (i) Compensation for loss of land and crops/trees at replacement value; (ii)
assistance for restoration of income and livelihoods and (iii) additional assistance to
vulnerable groups namely - Female-headed households, Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled
Tribes (ST), those below poverty line, elderly and disabled. A detailed Entitlement
Matrix for the project is provided in Table 17 in the main text.
F. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP
A public consultation was held on 7.08.2006 to seek the views and preferences of the
community with regard to the project and as well as their suggestions for successful
implementation of the project. The Resettlement Plan (RP) will be translated into Tamil and
will be made available to the affected people by the Implementing Agency (IA), the
Highways Department, for review and comments on the policy and mitigation measures by
means of project-level disclosure workshops prior to loan negotiation. Copies of short RP
will also be made available at the local level public office, Ponneri Taluk office, to
stakeholders for local inputs prior to award of civil work contract. The proceedings of the
disclosure workshop and the feedback received will be sent to ADB for review.
G. Implementation Arrangement, Schedule & Grievance Redressal
The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department (RADMMD)
at the state-level will be the EA of the project, while the Highways Department will be
responsible for the implementation of the RP. Highways Department, the implementing
agency, will engage a qualified social/resettlement specialist to assist it in the
implementation of the RP. The project director of PMU will recruit and appoint a local NGO
to help implement resettlement activities. The highways department will assign the task of
implementation to the concerned Divisional Engineer who will be supported by one
Assistant Engineer.
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A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established in Thiruvallur district, with
representation from RADMMD, concerned DE of Highways, 2 members from the people
affected of which at least one is a women or from vulnerable group, Light House Kuppam
Panchayat President, and the NGO representative and will be chaired by the District
Revenue Officer of Thiruvallur.
H. Budget
The total estimated cost for resettlement implementation including cost of compensation
and assistance as per the Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu) under TEAP is
Rs.2,558,515/-.
I. Monitoring & Evaluation
RADMMD will establish a monthly monitoring system and prepare monthly progress reports
on all aspects of land acquisition and resettlement activities. The report will contain
progress made in RP implementation with particular attention to monitoring and the
delivery of entitlements. The deputed official in charge of land acquisition and resettlement
in the PMU with assistance from the social development and resettlement specialist,
through the Highways Department and NGOs will monitor the progress of land acquisition
and resettlement and also prepare biannual reports, forwarding them to ADB for review.
An independent agency/monitoring expert will be engaged by the PMU in agreement with
ADB to undertake biannual external monitoring of the subproject implementation.
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Short Resettlement Plan
A. Description of the Project 1. Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges
(HLB) under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the
Asian Development Bank (ADB). Pulicat HLB is one among the 5 HLBs and is
being proposed across ‘Pulicat’ Lake between Pulicat (Palzhverkadu) village on the
main land and Light House Kuppam Panchayat (eight island villages / hamlets).
2. The Project will involve the construction of a high level bridge and
strengthening of the existing approach roads in accordance with the IRC
standards.
3. In line with the ADBs sector assistance project for Tamil Nadu under the
Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project, construction and rehabilitation works are
being carried out as far as possible within the original right-of-way. However,
improvements to the approach roads on eastern side to the HLB at Light House
Kuppam village will involve minimal land acquisition. The various components
proposed for the HLB is given in Table 1.
Table 1. Project Components
Component Description Requirement of Land
1. Bridge The bridge is 460m long and 8.5 m wide from outer to outer of crash barrier.
No land acquisition involved as it is being built across the river.
2. Approach road Western side 360m long approach road.
Existing road and no land acquisition involved.
Eastern side 280m long approach road.
Formation of new approach road requiring land acquisition.
4. The eight villages / hamlets under Light House Kuppam panchayat has no
road approach and the people of this panchayat use boats to reach the main land.
The island villages have no connectivity with the main land and in the event of an
emergency like tsunami, cyclone or storm; the people are caught in between the
sea and the lake. Even the administration finds it extremely difficult to reach to
these people. The only mode of transport is the few ferryboat services operated
by the villagers. This bridge will provide the people of Light House Kuppam
panchayat comfortable and safe access to the main land. The bridge will not only
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serve as an emergency escape route, it will also improve the standard of living of
the island villagers. However, the census survey undertaken during project
preparation stage reveals that there will be involuntary resettlement.
5. In line with ADBs operational manual on involuntary resettlement and
resettlement framework for TEAP, the Highways Department of Government of
Tamil Nadu (GoTN), the Implementing Agency (IA), has prepared this short
resettlement plan (RP). This short RP identifies the broad scope of the project and
outlines the policy, procedures for acquisition of land, magnitude of impact,
compensation and other support measures for affected persons and institutional
requirements for the implementation.
6. The Project Management Unit (PMU), Disaster Management and Mitigation
Department, Revenue Administration of GoTN would be responsible for ensuring
compliance of this short RP. The highways department of GoTN will be the
implementing agency of the HLB and will have the primary responsibility for RP
implementation.
B. Definitions and Terminologies
7. The definitions of key terminologies or concepts used in this resettlement
plan are as follows.
Affected Person includes any people, households, firms, or private institutions
who, on account of changes that result from the project will have their (i)
standard of living adversely affected; (ii) right, title, or interest in any house,
land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, forest, and/or grazing
land), water resources, or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired,
possessed, restricted, or otherwise adversely affected, in full or in part,
permanently or temporarily; and/or (iii) business, occupation, place of work or
residence, or habitat adversely affected, with or without displacement.
Compensation means compensation paid for the property under the Land
Acquisition Act, 1894 or through private negotiation vide GoTN government
order Ms.No.885, Revenue dated 21.9.1995.
Encroacher is any person(s) illegally occupying public property by extending
their land boundary or a portion of their building onto the RoW.
Involuntary resettlement addresses social and economic impacts that are
permanent or temporary and are (i) caused by acquisition of land and other
fixed assets, (ii) by change in the use of land, or (iii) restrictions imposed on
land as a result of an ADB operation.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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Land Acquisition means the process through which land and properties are
acquired for the purpose of project construction.
Major impacts are defined as involving affected people being physically
displaced from housing and/or having 10% or more of their productive,
income generating assets lost.
Owners are persons who have legal title to structures, land or other assets.
These property owners are entitled to compensation under the Land
Acquisition Act of 1894.
Project Affected Family/Household means a family consisting of father,
mother, children living together with common kitchen and are affected by the
project, irrespective of their legal status resulting in loss of homestead, other
assets, sources of income / livelihood, common assets and cultural properties.
Rehabilitation means the measures provided under the resettlement plan
other than payment of the compensation of acquired property.
Replacement cost means the method of valuing assets to replace the loss at
market value, or its nearest equivalent, plus any transaction costs such as
administrative charges, taxes, registration, and titling costs. Where national
law does not meet this standard the replacement cost will be supplemented as
necessary. Replacement cost is based on market value before the project or
dispossession, whichever is higher. In the absence of functioning markets, a
compensation structure is required that enables affected people to restore
their livelihoods to levels at least equivalent to those maintained at the time
of dispossession, displacement, or restricted access.
Resettlement means all the measures taken to mitigate all or any adverse
impacts of the project on the APs property and/or livelihoods including
compensation, relocation (where relevant), and rehabilitation.
Squatter is any person occupying structures entirely within the ROW (with no
legal rights to occupy that parcel of land) for residential or business purposes.
Tenant is any person by whom or on whose account rent is payable for any
property.
Vulnerable people are the poorest affected people and groups that may be at
high risk of impoverishment. This may include those without legal title to land
or other assets, households headed by females, the elderly or disabled and
other vulnerable groups, particularly indigenous peoples.
C. Scope of Land acquisition and Resettlement
8. The project involves the construction of a high level bridge across Pulicat
lake connecting the eastern side, Light House Kuppam panchayat villages, with
the western side main land, Pulicat village. The construction of the bridge does
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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not involve any land acquisition as it is being built across the Pulicat lake and the
land for approach proposed with embankment on the western side will also not
involve any land acquisition as it is government land.
9. The project also involves strengthening the approach roads on both sides.
While the strengthening of the approach road on the western side is along the
existing road and does not involve any land acquisition, 280 metres of the
approach road on the eastern side will involve land acquisition.
10. In line with ADBs principles of involuntary resettlement planning, the
project avoided involuntary resettlement wherever possible by constructing
approach road along the existing available space. Though the available RoW on
the western side approach road is 16m to 20m, the construction has been
restricted to 7.5m to minimize impact to squatters. However, the project will
require 0.28.00 hectare of private land for formation of 280 metres of approach
road on the eastern side and will cause major3 impact to the land holding of 1
landowner. The strengthening of 7.5m approach road on the western side will
cause major impact to 18 shopkeepers; 2 residences (those squatting on
government land); and indirect impact to 6 ferry service operators.
11. The census survey undertaken during the 1st fortnight of August 2006 has
identified 21 families as project affected families involving 117 persons (project
affected persons) and 22 employees. Further, the project causes indirect impact
to 6 families operating ferry service involving 32 persons. Further, the shops
getting affected employ 22 persons whose livelihood will get affected. Therefore,
this project will be categorized as Category-B as the involuntary resettlement
impact is ‘not significant’4. The summary of project affected families is given vide
Appendix-I. The magnitude of impact is given in Table 2.
12. The ferry service operators transport men and goods to the island villages
in Light House Kuppam panchayat. School going children have to necessarily
3 Losing more than 10% of their productive assets (income generation). 4 “Not significant” means less than 200 people will be (i) physically displaced from housing, or (ii) losing 10% or more of their productive assets (income generating).
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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cross the lake to reach the school
and the boat operators provide free
service for all school going children.
Others have to pay Rs.3/- for return
trip. Of the 6 boats, only 5 will
operate at any given point of time
and the master of the 6th boat will
do the collection, each master takes
turn and do the collection. All boats
are owned by the villagers.
Table 2. Magnitude of Impact
Details of Affected Population
Type of Loss Details of Affected Asset No. of Affected
Households (HH)
No. of Affected Persons (APs)
1. Agricultural land
These households comprise of those losing their agricultural land. 1 HH losing agricultural land
parcel is losing more than 10% of his total land holding and
- Entire land being acquired is dry land and uncultivable.
- Perennial Trees 6 nos are there in the land parcel.
1 5
These households comprise of those doing business in Govt. land and have no title for the land 18 HH losing place of business
18 99 2. Loss of commercial structures of squatters These shops employ 22 persons
who would be losing their source of income
- 22
3. Loss of residential structure of squatters
These households comprise of those living in Govt. land and have no title for the land 2 HH losing place of living
2 13
4. Indirect impact
These households comprise of those losing their income from ferry service operation. 6 affected ferry service
operators
6 32
Total 27 171 Source: Census Survey, August 2006
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13. The household losing their agricultural land is not getting any income from
the land. The main source of income is from fishing and for some income is
through non-farm wages. The land being acquired is dry land and the extent of
land lost to their total land holding is more than 10 percent.
14. There is no loss of income to the 8 households on account of proposed
project. However, there are 13 households who would lose their source of
income.
Table 3. Loss of Income due to Project
Type of Impact Total number of
households
Number of households
losing income
Direct Impact 21 13
Indirect Impact 6 6
Total 27 19
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
15. The total land required for the project is 2.37.50 hectare of which 0.28.00
hectare of land is private land belonging to 1 household. The various components
that require land, classification of land and the number of households getting
affected is given in Table 4.
Table 4. Details of Land Loss
Classification Project
Components Total Land
requirement Govt. Private Present Use No. of
affected HH
1. Bridge 1.38.00 1.38.00 - Govt. poramboke land
-
2. Approach road on the eastern side
0.29.50 0.01.50 0.28.00 Dry land 1
3. Approach road on the western side
0.70.00 0.70.00 - Existing road 20
Total 2.37.50 2.09.50 0.28.00 - 21
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
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D. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan
16. This short resettlement plan is prepared in accordance with ADBs policy on
involuntary resettlement that aims at (i) avoiding involuntary resettlement
wherever feasible; (ii) minimizing resettlement where population displacement is
unavoidable by choosing alternative viable project options; and (iii) where
involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, to ensure that affected people receive
assistance, preferably under the project, so that they will be at least as well off as
they would have been in the absence of the project.
17. This short RP briefly describes the findings of the census survey, identifies
the nature and types of losses, provides for payment of compensation and
resettlement benefits as per the entitlement matrix developed for TEAP and the
institutional arrangement for implementation.
E. Socioeconomic Profile of the Affected Household 18. The census survey identified 21 households as directly affected households
comprising of 117 persons and 22 employees; and 6 households as indirectly
affected households comprising of 32 persons. The socio-economic profile of the
21 households (excluding 22 employees) is discussed below. Of the 27
households, two households are headed by women. The male-female profile
amongst the affected households (AHs) is given in Table 5.
Table 5. Head of Household (HH) by Sex
Head of Household
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 25 92.6
Female 2 07.4
Total 27 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
19. The male- female profile amongst all members of the project-affected
household is given in the following table. The male outnumber the female.
Table 6. APs by Sex
All Members (APs) Sex
Frequency Percentage
Male 82 55.0
Female 67 45.0
Total 149 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
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20. The above 60 age group comprise of about 3 percent. Thirty one percent
are below 18 years.
Table 7. Age group of APs
Age classification
Frequency Percentage
Upto 5
6 – 17
18 – 24
25 – 40
41 – 60
> 60
21
25
37
34
28
4
14.1
16.8
24.8
22.8
18.8
2.7
Total 149 100.0
21. Forty one percent of the affected households have a small family of size
four or less. The average size of a family is 5.5.
Table 8. Size of household
Size of household
Frequency Percentage
1 – 3
4
5
6 – 7
8+ and above
2
9
5
8
3
7.4
33.4
18.5
29.6
11.1
Average Size is 5.5
22. Eighty two percent of the affected households are Hindus followed by
Muslims (11%) and Christians (7%).
Table 9. Affected household by Religion
Religion Frequency Percentage
Hindu
Muslim
Christian
22
3
2
81.5
11.1
7.4
Total 27 100.0
23. Fifty nine percent of the affected household belong to the most backward
class. There is 11 percent belonging to scheduled caste (3 AH) who would come
under the vulnerable category.
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Table 10. Afected household by Social Group
Community Frequency Percentage
FC
BC
MBC
SC
-
8
16
3
-
29.6
59.3
11.1
Total 27 100.0
24. The literacy level amongst male is 77 percent and amongst women is 67
percent. The literacy level of both male and female is lower compared to the state
average (82%). The level of educational attainment is given in Table
Table 11. Literacy by Sex of APs (> 6 age group)
Male Female Literacy
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Can read and write 52 76.5 38 66.7
Cannot read and write 16 23.5 19 33.3
Total 68 100.0 57 100.0
Table 12. Education level by Sex of APs
Male Female Education
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Below primary
Primary
Upper primary
High school
Higher secondary
Graduate
Post graduate
Technical education
None
Children (<= 6 yrs)
7
9
14
12
4
5
-
2
15
14
8.5
11.0
17.1
14.6
4.9
6.1
-
2.4
18.3
17.1
9
1
11
11
5
3
-
-
17
10
13.4
1.5
16.4
16.4
7.5
4.5
-
-
25.4
14.9
Total 82 100.0 67 100.0
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25. The primary occupation of 59 percent of the head of household is
business. Agriculture hardly accounts for any income.
Table 13. Occupation of Head of affected Household
Head of HH All members (APs) Main Activity
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Agricultural labour
Casual labour
Salaried
Petty / Tea shop
Business
Other workforce
Unemployed
Not in workforce
1
6
-
-
16
4
-
-
03.7
22.2
-
-
59.3
14.8
-
-
1
14
2
1
29
12
-
90
00.7
09.4
01.3
00.7
19.5
08.0
-
60.4
Total 27 100.0 149 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
26. About 7 percent of the APs are below poverty line. Income of about 52
percent is above Rs.36,000/- per month.
Table 14. Income of AHs
Income Range (per annum)
Frequency Percentage
1- 12000
12001 – 18000
18001 – 24000
24001 – 36000
36001 – 48000
48001 - 60000
Above 60000
Not disclosed
1
1
2
6
6
3
5
3
03.7
03.7
07.4
22.2
22.2
11.1
18.6
11.1
Total 27 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
27. The average income of the employees is Rs.2511/- per month. There are 3
employees who are less than 18 years old. Five percent are in the 19 to 24 age
group, 41 percent in the 25 to 40 age group and the rest (41%) in 41 to 60 age
group. The average number of dependants on the salary drawn by these
employees is 4.8.
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28. Among the project affected households, in 56 percent of the households
only men are involved in income earning activities and the head is invariably the
principle earner for the family. In 33 percent of the households both men and
women are involved in income earning activities and is very common amongst
fishing community.
Table 15. Primary income earner in AHs
Primary Income Earner
Frequency Percentage
Men alone
Women alone
Both Men and Women
Absent
15
-
9
3
55.6
-
33.3
11.1
Total 27 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
29. The census survey also aimed at identifying socially and economically
vulnerable5 groups amongst those affected households who would require
additional assistance. Seven households (vulnerable) will require additional
support under ADBs livelihood programme assistance.
Table 16. Income of Vulnerable AHs
WHH BPL SC Elderly / Disabled
Income Range (per annum)
Fre
qu
en
cy
Perc
en
tag
e
Fre
qu
en
cy
Perc
en
tag
e
Fre
qu
en
cy
Perc
en
tag
e
Fre
qu
en
cy
Perc
en
tag
e
1- 12000
12001 – 18000
18001 – 24000
24001 – 36000
Above 36000
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
50.0
50.0
1
1
-
-
-
50.0
50.0
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
33.3
-
-
33.3
33.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total 2 100.0 2 100.0 3 99.9 - -
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
5 (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC),
scheduled tribes (ST); (c) women-headed households (FHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons.
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30. If there is any change in the alignment or in the design prior to award of
civil works contract or during implementation, the RP will be accordingly updated
and the revised RP will be submitted to ADB by the Highways Department. The
final RP will be submitted to ADB prior to award of civil works contract.
F. Gender Impacts and Mitigation Measures
31. The sex ratio of 9876 in Tamil Nadu is higher than the all-India figure of
933 and the juvenile sex ratio is 942 compared to all-India figure of 927. Though
the sex ratio in Tamil Nadu is better than the national figure, considering the
relative disadvantage of the women in the society, the census survey captured
the current status of women and their socio-economic profile.
32. The women will directly benefit by the proposed bridge as it would provide
them easy approach to the main land from their homes. It will also benefit school
going female children who can avoid the unsafe boat ride and in case of
emergency this bridge will provide easy access to health care. During Tsunami,
majority of the dead were women and children who were caught in the tidal
waves and to these vulnerable category this bridge will be a boon.
33. However, the construction of the bridge will have direct impact on 2
Women Headed Households (WHHs). There will be loss of income to the members
of the family due to the construction of the bridge by way of losing their place of
business. These APs will be adequately supported in this RP so as to restore her
earlier standard of living.
G. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework 34. The National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (NPRR) provides
broad guidelines and executive instructions and will be applicable to projects
displacing 500 families or more in flat lands and 250 families or more in hilly
areas. The NPRR requires projects to (i) minimize displacement and identify non-
displacing or least-displacing alternatives; (ii) plan the resettlement and
rehabilitation of project-affected families including special needs of tribal and
vulnerable sections; (iii) provide a better standard of living to project-affected
families; and (iv) facilitate harmonious relationships between the requiring body
and project-affected families through mutual cooperation.
35. While the NPRR recognizes most of the significant resettlement principles
in the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Involuntary Resettlement Policy (IRP),
6 Source: Census of India, 2001
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the NPRR does not meet some of the IRP’s safeguards. First, the NPRR’s threshold
of applicability is limited to land acquisitions for highways, railway lines,
transmission lines, and pipelines. Second, each project-affected family will be
offered an ex-gratia payment of Rs10,000/- and no other resettlement and
rehabilitation benefits. Third, replacement value is not clearly defined and is not
taken into account in calculating lump-sum compensation. Fourth, no specific
entitlements are available for squatters and encroachers.
36. The Land Acquisition Act 1894 and its amendments to date generally
govern land acquisition and compensation in Tamil Nadu. The Act covers only
legal titleholders and provides for (i) market value of the land; (ii) compensation
of 30% on the market value for compulsory acquisition; (iii) an additional amount
for trees, crops, houses, or other immovable properties; (iv) damage due to
severing of land, residence, or place of business; and (v) an interest of 12% on
the market value from the date of notification to award. The IRP has some
additional complementary provisions especially with regard to displacement and
resettlement of squatters and other informal settlers.
37. To reduce inherent delays in the land acquisition process from 18 to 6
months or less, the Government of Tamil Nadu (GOTN) issued a government
order in 1995—“Acquisition of Land for various purposes, Acquisition through
negotiation—Uniformity in procedure, fixation of land value and Constitution of
Committee.” The order sets out the principles of fixing of land value for
negotiation. It allows negotiations up to 150% of the market value/guideline
value for each hectare of land.
38. Based on these state laws and regulation on land acquisition, the ADB IRP
and the NPRR, the following resettlement principles will be applied to all TEAP
subprojects:
a) land acquisition and other involuntary resettlement impacts will be minimized
as much as possible;
b) wherever possible, Government land will be utilized which is free from
encumbrances and will not include land that is squatted upon;
c) those affected will be informed and consulted on compensation options and in
formulating the RPs in accordance with the agreed RF;
d) land and other property compensation will be paid at replacement costs;
e) payment of compensation for lost land, housing, assets, and other
resettlement assistance will be given in full before awarding civil contracts;
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f) compensation at replacement cost and resettlement assistance will be given
to all non-titled people affected (e.g., informal dwellers/squatters, and
encroachers) before acquiring land and their properties;
g) all those affected will receive assistance to restore their income and to
rehabilitate their livelihood; and
h) special assistance will be given to households headed by women and other
vulnerable groups.
39. In case of land acquisition, compensation will be paid at mutually agreed
rates through negotiations as outlined in the 1995 government order at
replacement costs. In the event the landowner does not agree to acquisition
through negotiation and the land is acquired as per the Land Acquisition Act,
compensation will be paid at replacement costs. If the compensation amount
assessed by a district collector is lower than that of the replacement cost
determined by the land acquisition and valuation committee, the difference will be
paid in the form of a special grant to the affected person. The Government will
bear transaction costs such as stamps/registration costs in case of purchase of
replacement land. Non-titled affected people will be entitled to both compensation
and rehabilitation assistance based on the nature of their losses. Replacement
cost of structures will also be paid to squatters/informal dwellers, and
resettlement assistance, such as shifting allowance and compensation for loss of
workdays/income. Households headed by women and other vulnerable
households (such as scheduled tribe/scheduled caste, disabled, elderly) will be
eligible for additional assistance in terms of income restoration.
40. Cut-off Date is established to identify the Entitled Persons. The date on
which the census survey was undertaken will be the cut-off date for non-
titleholders. For legal owners, the cut-off date will be the notification declaring the
intention to acquire the property. For those legal owners who are not agreeable to
compensation through negotiations, the date of serving the notice u/s 4(1) of
Land Acquisition Act of 1894 will be established as the cut-off date.
41. The entitlement matrix (Table 17) lists types of losses, eligibility, and
entitlements, and provides basic parameters for the preparation of compensation
and resettlement benefits. The matrix will apply to this project.
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Table 17. Entitlement Matrix
No Type of Loss Application Unit of
entitlement Entitlement Details of Entitlements
1 Agricultural land, homesteads, commercial land (private property)
Land on the project right of way (ROW)
Titleholders
Compensation at replacement cost.
1. Cash compensation through negotiation as per government order (1995) at mutually agreed rates equal to replacement value and/or GO Ms. No. 75 (2005).
2. Cash compensation as per Land Acquisition Act at replacement costs. If the replacement cost of land determined by land acquisition and valuation committee is more than the compensation determined by district collector, the difference will be paid as a special grant by the Project directly to those affected.
3. Transaction costs will be paid by the Project (registration cost, stamp fees etc., incurred in the purchase of replacement land).
2 Residential and commercial structures (private property)
Structure within the ROW
Titleholders
Compensation at replacement cost
1. Cash compensation to be paid by the district collector at replacement costs. If the replacement cost of structure determined by land acquisition and valuation committee is more than the compensation determined by district collector, the difference will be paid as a special grant by the Project directly to those affected.
2. A lump sum shifting assistance for shifting household assets including cost of transportation and labor costs.
3. Project will assist those affected to purchase land to relocate to a new site.
4. Right to salvage material from the demolished structure.
3 Loss of income from business and loss of wages
Businesses and employees affected by project ROW
Individual
Lump sum
1. Owners of businesses will be compensated for their loss of income for 3 months based on actual income lost assessed on a case-by-case basis.
2. Employees directly affected by displacement of employer will receive wages for 3 months calculated on the basis of minimum wages.
3. Support to those affected, through the livelihoods programs (Appendix V) under the Project (training, capacity building, and enterprise development) for restarting or new income-generating activities.
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No Type of Loss Application
Unit of entitlement
Entitlement Details of Entitlements
4 Annual/seasonal crops and trees
Crops and trees on ROW
Cultivator– household
Compensation at market value
1. Advance notice for harvesting standing crops.
2. Owner will receive grant equal to market value of crop lost for 10 years plus cost of replacement of seeds.
3. Sharecroppers/tenants will be compensated at market value for the crop lost plus cost of replacement of seeds for the next season’s harvest.
4. Compensation for trees based on timber value at market prices, to be determined by Forest Department and Horticultural Department.
5. For perennial trees, compensation will be 3–5 times the market value.
5 Structures by squatters and informal settlers (residential/ commercial)
Structures affected by ROW
Household
No compensation for land; compensation for structure at replacement cost and other assistance
1. Compensation for loss of structure at replacement cost.
2. A lump sum shifting assistance for shifting household assets including cost of transportation and labor costs.
3. Affected people to relocate to a new site provided by the project.
4. Support to those affected losing commercial structures, through the livelihoods program (Appendix V) under the Project (training, capacity building and enterprise development) for restarting/new income-generating activities.
6 Additional assistance for vulnerable groups below poverty line (BPL), households headed by women, elderly and disabled
Households affected by ROW
Individual
Assistance for income restoration and training
1. Preferential employment in the Project, especially for women and the poor
2. Support those affected through the livelihoods programs under the Project (Appendix V) which will include- Support for capacity building,
enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self-help groups (SHGs).
Support for capacity building, enterprise training for new SHGs (male and female) not yet organized into community-based groups.
Replacement of productive assets, skill upgrading, risk mitigation through insurance.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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No Type of Loss Application
Unit of entitlement
Entitlement Details of Entitlements
7 Specific action for indigenous people/ scheduled tribe (ST)
Land and other assets affected by ROW
Individual
Assistance for income restoration and training
1. Preferential employment in the Project, especially for women and the poor
2. Support those affected through the livelihoods programs under the Project (Appendix V) which will include- Support for capacity building,
enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self-help groups (SHGs).
Support for capacity building, enterprise training for new SHGs (male and female) not yet organized into community-based groups.
Replacement of productive assets, skill upgrading, risk mitigation through insurance.
8 Community infrastructure and amenities
Affected by ROW
Community
Replacement
1. Complete rehabilitation / restoration by the Project.
9 Other impacts not identified
1. Unforeseen impacts will be documented and mitigated based on the principles agreed in this RF.
H. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP
42. Appropriate consultation on the resettlement plan and participation of
affected population in decision making will improve the understanding of their
needs, resources and preferences. This will help in reducing reluctance and
thereby increase the acceptance of the project. Consultations have been held at
the time of carrying out the baseline socio-economic survey.
43. Further, a public consultation was held on 7.08.2006 to seek the views
and preferences of the community with regard to the project as well as their
suggestions for successful
implementation of the project.
The likely resettlement impact
and the mitigation measures
proposed under the RP were
explained to the people. The
Assistant Divisional Engineer
(Highways), Leader of Trader’s
Association, R&R Expert and
about 67 persons participated in
the consultation.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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44. The salient findings of the consultations on various issues covered are
presented below.
People were unanimous and
equivocal in conveying the
need for a bridge in Pulicat.
The advantages as perceived
by the people are; the bridge
would become an escape
route; facilitate easy access to
school and health facilities;
fisheries will improve; tourism
will get a boost; and will pave
way for introduction of
bus service to the villages.
Minimise impact to businesses, if impacted, to provide an alternate place for
the market.
If a alternate arrangement is made, the vendors wanted a place for them too
so that their source of income does not get affected.
The participants’ signed attendance sheet is enclosed as Appendix-VI.
45. In addition, a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan has been prepared
for the project and is enclosed as Appendix-II.
46. The Resettlement Plan (RP) will be translated into Tamil and will be made
available to the affected people by the Implementing Agency (IA), the Highways
Department, for review and comments on the policy and mitigation measures by
means of project-level disclosure workshops prior to loan negotiation. Copies of
short RP will also be made available at the local level public office, Ponneri Taluk
office, to stakeholders for local inputs prior to award of civil work contract. The
proceedings of the disclosure workshop and the feedback received will be sent to
ADB for review.
47. The final RP will also be disclosed on the ADB Website, EA website and IA
website whereas the Project Management Unit (PMU) will continue consultations
with affected persons throughout the project implementation period.
I. Institutional Responsibility
48. The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation
Department (RADMMD) at the state-level will be the Executing Agency (EA) of the
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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TEAP, while the State Level Steering Committee (SLSC) will have the overall
advice and guidance with the departments and the Implementing Agencies (IAs).
The Project Management Unit (PMU) formed within RADMMD and headed by the
project director will be responsible for overall coordination, planning,
implementation, monitoring, and financing of all resettlement and rehabilitation
activities under the TEAP. RADMMD will depute an official within the PMU to be in
charge of land acquisition and resettlement operations, and will report to the
project director. Each IA in their project implementation unit will also have
qualified social/resettlement professionals. The social development and
resettlement specialist will assist the PMU and IAs/line departments in preparing
RPs. The project director will recruit and appoint local NGOs, as required, to help
prepare and implement resettlement activities. The concerned staff at the PMU,
IAs/field offices, project NGOs, and revenue department officials will undergo a
week long orientation and training in resettlement policy and management. The
deputed official in the PMU with the assistance from the social development and
resettlement specialist will work in close coordination with the respective IAs and
project NGOs on the day-to-day activities of RP implementation.
49. A land value assessment (LVAC) for the project committee headed by the
district collector or his/her representative will also be formed with representatives
from RADMMD, IAs, district/tehsil Land Revenue office, representatives of those
affected, local government, village leaders, professional assessors, and
implementing NGO to assess replacement value of lost assets through a land
market value survey and through compiling and comparing other available
sources of information.7 RADMMD will ensure that any land acquisition and
resettlement/relocation is preceded by a satisfactory RP, formulated according to
the agreed Resettlement Framework (RF). RADMMD will also ensure that
appropriate entitlements and mitigation measures are included in the RP
especially for the benefit of vulnerable groups—households headed by women,
below poverty line, scheduled caste/scheduled tribes, the elderly, and disabled.
The PMU will submit RPs for ADB review and approval, and will ensure that
affected persons will receive compensation and other entitlements before civil
work contracts are awarded.
7 District Level Monitoring Committees and Village Level Monitoring Committees will be extensively utilized for this purpose.
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J. Implementation Arrangements
50. The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation
Department (RADMMD) at the state-level will be the EA of the project, while the
Highways Department will be responsible for the implementation of the RP.
51. The PMU formed within RADMMD and headed by the project director will
be responsible for overall coordination, monitoring and financing of the RP.
RADMMD will depute an official within the PMU to be in charge of land acquisition
and resettlement operations, and will report to the project director.
52. Highways Department, the implementing agency, will engage a qualified
social/resettlement specialist to assist it in the implementation of the RP. The
project director of PMU will recruit and appoint a local NGO to help implement
resettlement activities. The highways department will assign the task of
implementation to the concerned Divisional Engineer who will be supported by
one Assistant Engineer. The drafts TOR for the appointment of NGO / Agency is
given vide Appendix-III
53. The concerned staff at the Divisional Office of the Highways Department
and project NGO will undergo a week long orientation and training on issues
concerning - resettlement policy; principles and procedures of land acquisition;
public consultation and participation; entitlements and compensation
disbursement mechanisms; Grievance Redressal and monitoring of resettlement
operation.
54. Further, the PMU will ensure resettlement budgets are delivered on time to
the competent authority and the implementing NGOs for timely RP
implementation. The PMU will ensure that affected persons will receive
compensation and other entitlements before civil work contracts are awarded.
The organizational structure for implementation of SRP activities is as under:
PMU (RADMMD)
LVAC DE Highways
AE Highways
NGO
PAP
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K. Grievance Redressal
55. A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established in Thiruvallur
district, with representation from RADMMD, concerned DE of Highways, 2
members from the people affected of which at least one is a women or from
vulnerable group, Light House Kuppam Panchayat President, and the NGO
representative and will be chaired by the District Revenue Officer of Thiruvallur.
Through public consultations, those affected will be informed that they have a
right to redress their grievance. They can seek support of the NGO to assist them
in presenting their grievances or queries to the GRC, which is expected to settle
the grievances. The committee must resolve grievances within a fortnight. The
decision of GRC will be binding unless challenged in a court of law. The committee
will meet at least four times a month during the first 6 months of project
implementation, and twice a month from the seventh month.
L. Compensation and Livelihood Restoration i) Arrangement for Valuing and Disbursing Compensation
56. A land value assessment committee headed by the district collector or
his/her representative will also be formed with representatives from RADMMD,
Highways Department, L.A. Tahsildar, representatives of those affected,
panchayat President, professional assessors, and implementing NGO to assess
replacement value of lost assets through a land market value survey and through
compiling and comparing other available sources of information. RADMMD will
ensure that any land acquisition and resettlement/relocation is preceded by a
satisfactory RP, formulated according to the agreed Resettlement Framework
(RF). Replacement value of agriculture land will be paid to make up for the loss
incurred due to land acquisition. All payment will be made in a transparent
manner in public.
ii) Assistance to Livelihood Restoration
57. APs living below the poverty line, women headed, elderly and destitute will
be provided preferential employment opportunities in project construction works
to compensate the partial loss of livelihood.
58. Of the 27 households (1 household losing agricultural land, 18 households
losing shops, 2 households losing residence and 6 households indirectly affected
as a result of the project) 7 households fall under the vulnerable category (WHH,
BPL and SC) and will be supported through the livelihood programme under TEAP.
The livelihood support programme under TEAP supports; i) capacity building,
enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self-help groups
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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29
(SHGs); ii) formation of new SHGs, for both men and women, from affected
households not yet organized in community-based groups for restoring livelihoods
through micro-enterprise training and establishment support; and iii) skills
upgrading.
M. Budget
59. The total estimated cost for resettlement implementation including cost of
compensation and assistance as per the Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu)
under TEAP is Rs.2,558,515/-.
60. Notes and assumptions to costing: The cost estimate is based on
information collected in the field, consultations had with the APs and revenue
staff and findings of census survey.
a. Guideline value for land is as of 2003 and is yet to be revised and made
public. For current prices, a 7% variation has been taken for one year
(current inflation has been taken as the basis) and 2006 prices have been
arrived.
i. Further, on the basis of G.O. Ms. No. 885, Revenue dated
21.9.1995, compensation for land has been calculated at 150% of
the guideline value.
ii. The 150% is arrived on the following basis. Under acquisition
invoking LA Act, normally the valuation of land includes guideline
value of land, plus additional 30% of solatium for compulsory
nature of acquisition, plus a 12% of interest per annum from the
date of publishing notification of section 4(1). Under private
negotiation the competent authority is empowered vide above
referred GO, to pay up to 150% that includes an additional 8%
over and above solatium and interest.
iii. Registration charges and stamp duty is currently 9% of the
purchase price / guideline value, which ever is higher.
iv. Since the purchase of land with the compensation amount paid is
dependant on availability of suitable land and may take some time,
all APs will be paid the registration charges and stamp duty along
with land compensation. The same has been reflected in the
budget.
b. Trees have been valued based on revenue department’s conventional method
of assessment. It should be noted that there is no guideline for valuation of
trees and it is done by a committee constituted by the district administration.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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Since, the process of valuation by revenue department is in progress, the
valuation has been done on the following basis.
i. For yielding coconut and palm tree, Letter No. X2 / 32662 / 2005
dated 30.4.2005 from Collector of Ramnathapuram to Staff Officer,
Naval Air station, Uchipuli, which is also referred by other district
revenue staff has been adopted as the basis for valuation.
ii. For yielding tamarind tree, the rate used by revenue for valuation
has been adopted.
iii. Since 3-5 times the market rate is provided for in the RF and 3
times was considered reasonable, 3 times of the market value has
been taken.
iv. For trees that have only timber value, the revenue pay Rs.200/-
per cart load. Since it is difficult to ascertain the quantum of
timber, each non-perennial tree has been valued at Rs.500/-
c. Structures are valued at replacement cost.
d. Shifting allowance of Rs.2000/- has been provided for shifting household and
salvaging material.
e. For loss of income three months income declared during census survey is
provided as assistance and for loss of wages / salary, three months minimum
wages is budgeted for.
f. Livelihood support for loss of income and vulnerable category will be as per
ADBs $51.15 million livelihood support programme and will be implemented
by Rural Development Department, GoTN. The eligible people will be linked
to the ongoing programme and hence no separate budgetary allocation has
been made in this RP. The livelihood support programme will be extended to
47 families [18 losing their shops + 22 employees in these shops + 6 ferry
operators + 1 vulnerable (of the 7 vulnerable – 2 WHH, 2 BPL and 3 SC –
except 1 other 6 fall under income loss category)].
g. The following assistance are provided as per comments given on the draft
report.
a. Those who are vulnerable or losing significant income as a result of
the subproject will be given an Economic rehabilitation grant at the
rate of Rs.3,000/- per household.
b. Training would be provided for up-gradation of skills @ Rs.2,500/ -
per family to the APs belonging to those loosing significant income
as result of the loss and becoming vulnerable.
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Table 18. Budget Estimate
S.No Item Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount
A. Compensation
1 Private Land Sq.m. 2800 15 42,000
2 Registration charges and stamp duty Land Value 42000 0.09 3,780
3 Perennial Trees Number 6 7,560 45,360
4 Trees having Timber Value Number 0 500 -
5 Semi Permanent Residential Structure Number 2 32,000 64,000
6 Semi Permanent Commercial Structure sq.m. 393 2,690 1,057,106
B. RP Assistance and Activities
1 Shifting Assistance Number 20 2,000 40,000
2 Loss of business (shops) Income Number 18 13,264 238,750
3 Loss of business (boats) Income Number 6 7,200 43,200
4 Loss of Income for employees Number 22 7,200 158,400
5 Economic Rehabilitation Grant Number 47 3,000 141,000
6 Additional assistance to vulnerable groups Number 7 3,000 21,000
7 Training assistance to affected households Number 47 2,500 117,500
C: Support for RP Implementation
1 NGO Support Lump sum 100,000
2 Independent M&E Lump sum 50,000
3 Training and orientation to the NGO / Agency staff by the Social Development & Resettlement Specialist (PMU)
Lump sum 10,000
Sub total 2,132,096
Contingency @ 20% 426,419
Total 2,558,515
N. Implementation Schedule
61. The timeframe for various activities of RP is depicted in the Gantt Chart on
page 33.
O. Monitoring & Evaluation
62. RADMMD will establish a monthly monitoring system and prepare monthly
progress reports on all aspects of land acquisition and resettlement activities. The
report will contain progress made in RP implementation with particular attention
to monitoring and the delivery of entitlements. The deputed official in charge of
land acquisition and resettlement in the PMU with assistance from the social
development and resettlement specialist, through the Highways Department and
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NGOs will monitor the progress of land acquisition and resettlement and also
prepare biannual reports, forwarding them to ADB for review. An independent
agency/monitoring expert will be engaged by the PMU in agreement with ADB to
undertake biannual external monitoring of the subproject implementation. This
expert will submit the reports biannually via PMU to ADB. The drafts TOR for the
appointment of M&E consultancy firm / expert is given vide Appendix-IV.
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Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP
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Appendix – I
Summary of Affected Persons
Entitlements
AHs S.No
Name of AP Type of
Loss Replacement
cost for Land & Trees
Replacement cost for
Structure Income loss assistance
Shifting allowance
Livelohhod assistance
Total Entitlement
1 Kumar Residence -
32,000 -
2,000 @ #
34,000
2 Raja Residence -
219,224 -
2,000 -
221,224
3 Sampath. T.K. Business - -
11,250
2,000 @ #
13,250
4 Rooban. M Business - -
9,000
2,000 @ #
11,000
5 Madhu. M Business - -
12,500
2,000 @ #
14,500
6 Sammandham. M Business -
45,515
15,000
2,000 @ #
62,515
7 Thangavel Business -
50,572
8,600
2,000 @ #
61,172
8 Kasim Bai Business -
48,043
10,500
2,000 @ #
60,543
9 Susairaj Business -
45,515
9,000
2,000 @ #
56,515
10 Abdul Fatha Business -
48,043
8,600
2,000 @ #
58,643
11 Muralikrishnan Business -
42,986
8,600
2,000 @ #
53,586
12 Poo Basha Business -
48,043
8,600
2,000 @ #
58,643
13 Sigamani Business -
98,517
9,000
2,000 @ #
109,517
14 Mahimai Raj. S Business -
98,517
39,000
2,000 @ #
139,517
15 Parvathy Ammal Business -
98,517
30,000
2,000 @ #
130,517
16 Chinthamani Business -
51,100
8,600
2,000 @ #
61,700
17 Krishnamurthy Business -
45,730
9,000
2,000 @ #
56,730
18 Ravi Business -
47,075
9,000
2,000 @ #
58,075
19 Desappa Business -
56,920
17,500
2,000 @ #
76,420
20 Thesammal Business -
44,789
15,000
2,000 @ #
61,789
21 Kaja Basha. P.K.A. Land
91,140 - - - -
91,140 Indirect Impact
22 Lenin Ferry Service - - 7,200 - @ # 7,200
23 Moideen Ferry Service - - 7,200 - @ # 7,200
24 Ramadoss Ferry Service - - 7,200 - @ # 7,200
25 Sahayam Ferry Service - - 7,200 - @ # 7,200
26 Nagaiah Ferry Service - - 7,200 - @ # 7,200
27 Injimuthu Ferry Service - - 7,200 - @ # 7,200
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Entitlements
AHs S.No
Name of AP Type of
Loss Replacement
cost for Land & Trees
Replacement cost for
Structure Income loss assistance
Shifting allowance
Livelohhod assistance
Total Entitlement
Employees
28 Raji Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
29 Yudhar Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
30 Naga Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
31 Abibullah Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
32 Nizamudin Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
33 Nagaraj Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
34 Vanarajan Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
35 Mohan Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
36 Kitcha Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
37 Babu Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
38 Anandhan Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
39 Parthasarathy Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
40 Meera Mohadeen Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
41 Ponnan Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
42 Anandhan Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
43 Parthasarathy Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
44 Meera muhaideen Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
45 Ponnan Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
46 Saruppu Bai Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
47 Hussain Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
48 Kannappan Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200
49 Sathish Wages - -
7,200 - @ #
7,200 Total 91,140 1,121,106 440,350 40,000 1,692,596
@ --- Livelihood support for loss of income and vulnerable category will be as per ADBs $51.15 million livelihood support programme and will implemented by Rural Development Department, GoTN. The eligible people will be linked to the ongoing programme and hence no separate budgetary allocation has been made in this RP.
# --- They will be entitled for Rs.3,000/- as ‘Economic Rehabilitation Grant’ and Rs.2,500/- as ‘Training Assistance’. The vulnerable will get additional grant of Rs.3,000/- (provided as per comments on draft report).
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Appendix – II
Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan
Activity Task Timing (Date/ Period)
No of People
Agencies Feedback/
Issues/ Concerns Raised
Remarks
Stakeholder Identification
Mapping of the project area
July ‘06 - Highways Department
- -
Project information Dissemination
Distribution of information leaflets to affected persons (APs)
Aug ‘06 171 NGO / Agency
The project disclosure meeting was held in the project village.
-
Consultative Meetings with APs during Scoping Phase
Discuss potential impacts of the project
7.8.06 67 Economic Perspectives, Chennai
The APs wanted The bridge to be built quickly
Reasonable valuation for land and trees
Reduce the approach road width to minimise impacts
-
Public Notification
Publish list of affected lands/sites in a local newspaper; Establish eligibility cut-off date
Mar ‘07 - Highways Dept.
- -
Socio-Economic Survey Collect socio-economic information on AP’s perception on the project
Aug ‘06 171 Economic Perspectives, Chennai
Information was collected on – Socio-economic profile of
the households; Access to services Awareness & perception of the sample households on the Project and its impacts
-
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Activity Task Timing (Date/ Period)
No of People
Agencies Feedback/
Issues/ Concerns Raised
Remarks
Consultative Meetings on Resettlement Mitigation Measures
Discuss entitlements, compensation rates, grievance redress mechanisms
April ‘07 - NGO / Agency
- -
Publicize the resettlement plan (RP)
Distribute Leaflets or Booklets in local language
April ‘07 - NGO / Agency
-
-
Full Disclosure of the RP to APs
Distribute RP in local language to APs
April ‘06 - Highways Dept
- -
Web Disclosure of the RP RP posted on ADB and/or EA website
March ‘07 - Highways Dept
Expecting full clearance for RP by mid March 2007
-
Consultative Meetings during DMS
Face to face meetings with APs
April ‘07 - NGO / Agency
-
-
Disclosure after Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS)
Disclose updated RP to APs
May ‘07 - NGO / Agency
- -
Web Disclosure of the Updated RP
Updated RP posted on ADB and/or EA website
May ‘07 - RADMMD & ADB
- -
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Appendix – III
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
(NGO)/AGENCY
I. Project description
Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges (HLB)
under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB). Pulicat HLB is one among the 5 HLBs and is being
proposed across ‘Pulicat’ Lake between Pulicat (Palzhverkadu) village on the main
land and Light House Kuppam Panchayat (eight island villages / hamlets).
The Project intends to engage an experienced agency to assist with the
implementation of the social and resettlement aspects of the Project namely the
subproject Resettlement Plan (RP).
II. Scope of work
In general, the Project Management Unit (PMU) in Chennai, Tamil Nadu will be
responsible for the effective, timely and efficient execution of the RP. The key
tasks of the selected organization will be: -
(i) Information Campaign on Resettlement Entitlements
The agency will design, plan and implement an information campaign in the
project area primarily to inform the APs about the entitlement policy and how to
avail their respective entitlements. In particular, the agency will be responsible
for undertaking a public information campaign at the project areas to inform the
affected persons regarding:-
The need for Land Acquisition (LA), wherever necessary;
The likely consequences of the project on the communities;
The R&R policy and entitlements;
Assist APs in getting the compensation for their land and properties
acquired for the project;
Ensure proper utilization by the APs of various grants available under the
R&R package. The agency will be responsible for advising the APs on how
best to utilize any cash that may be provided under the RP, with emphasis
placed on using such funds in sustainable way e.g. purchasing replacement
land for that acquired.
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The campaign would include measures such as distribution of information
booklets, leaflets, notices and other materials among the APs, community
meetings, public announcements, and any other measures necessary to provide
information to all the APs.
(ii) Identification of APs and Issuance of Identity (ID) Cards
The agency will identify and verify APs, on the basis of the resettlement census
survey carried out and will facilitate the distribution of ID cards. This work will
include identification of APs based on a census survey, preparation of ID cards,
taking photograph of APs in the field, issuance of ID cards to APs and updating of
ID cards, if required. An identity card would include a photograph of the AP,
his/her socioeconomic profile and vulnerability, the nature and extent of loss
suffered due to the project construction, and the choice AP with regard to the
mode of compensation and assistance (if applicable, as per the RP).
The agency shall prepare a list of APs, enlisting the losses and the entitlements as
per the RP, after verification. During the identification and verification of the
eligible APs, agency shall ensure that each of the APs are contacted and consulted
either in groups or individually. The agency shall especially ensure consultation
with vulnerable groups namely (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL);
(b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), (c) women-headed households
(WHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons.
(iii) Updation of AP Database and Creation/Computerization of Database
and AP Files
The agency will be responsible for updating and preparing a comprehensive
computerized database containing the data on land, structure, trees and other
affected properties of the APs which will be used to prepare AP files and
entitlements cards (EC). The database will contain information from land records
and resettlement census data. The AP and EC files will be used for making
payments of entitlements to the APs and monitoring the progress of resettlement
work.
(iv) Participation in Grievance Redress
The agency will play a key role in assisting the APs in presenting their grievances
or queries to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) which will be established at
the PMU level with the primary objective of providing a mechanism to mediate
conflict and cut down on lengthy litigation.
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(v) Income Restoration
The agency will also play a key role in providing income restoration assistance to
the affected households losing their primary sources of livelihood/income as a
result of the Project. The agency shall undertake consultations with the affected
households on finalizing the skills training and also undertake a market feasibility
survey to ascertain the feasibility of the skills being imparted to those affected.
Based on the outputs of these, the NGO will plan out livelihood restoration
activities as per ADBs livelihoodc support programme and link them to Nodal
NGOs under TNCWD, GoTN. Emphasis will be paid on the vulnerable groups such
as female headed households, SC households, poor etc.
In addition, the agency would also be responsible for liasoning with the various
government departments, in order to create a link up between the existing
government schemes and the affected groups.
(vi) Relocation assistance
The development agency shall facilitate the process of relocation of the affected
households getting displaced as a result of the project as per the RP.
(vii) Community Participation
In addition to the resettlement activities, the NGO will implement ‘Community
Participation Strategy’ for the Project. As part of this, the NGO will mobilize the
various stakeholders in the community and organize focus group discussions
(FGDs) at the subproject level, with community leaders, eminent citizens, local
community based Organization (CBOs), as well as women and other socio-
economically vulnerable groups such as Indigenous groups, scheduled caste and
poor households, in order to establish direct public contact. The FGDs will aim at
sharing information regarding the Project in each of the subproject area so as to
ascertain views of the various groups in the community on their priorities, choice
of technology, their views and concerns on the Project design and any other
concern on safety and other issues. In particular the NGO will undertake the
following:
Formation of Community based groups in the subproject areas so as
to promote organized community participation and representation.
Special focus will be made on formation of women’s groups representing
women belonging to various socioeconomic groups to act as active
agents and change makers in the process of participation thereby
leading to their empowerment.
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Awareness Building Component would be undertaken on road safety
measures with a focus on women and children .
Capacity Building Component: Under this component, training and
sensitization inputs would be provided to the community based
organizations and groups such as women’s groups and village Panchayat
about leadership and management and maintenance of the assets
created under the subprojects.
III. Time frame
The work is scheduled to start in ******** and will continue till the end of the
Project i.e. ************. The agency should be fully prepared in terms of all
logistics support to tackle and carry out the resettlement activities and tasks laid
down above.
IV. Selection criteria, Staffing, Implementation Plan
The NGO/agency to be selected for the tasks must have proven experience in
resettlement planning and implementation. Specifically, key quality criteria
include: -
Experience in direct implementation of programs in local, similar and/or
in other districts in Tamil Nadu;
Availability of trained staff capable of including into their programme
Competence, transparency and accountability based on neutral
evaluations, internal reports, and audited accounts;
Integrity and experience to represent vulnerable groups against abuses
and demonstrable mandate to represent local groups.
Demonstrated experience in computerizing and managing resettlement-
related database, and
Experience in resettlement survey, planning, monitoring and evaluation.
The agency chosen will have to agree to the terms and conditions under the RP.
The following staffing provision may be necessary for smooth and effective
implementation of the RP within the time frame:
Team Leader ;
Field coordinator ;
Resettlement Implementation Worker
Interested agency should submit proposal for the work with a brief statement of
the approach, methodology, and field plan to carry out the tasks. The proposal
should include: -
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(i) Relevant information concerning previous experience on resettlement
implementation and preparation of reports.
(ii) The proposal should also include samples of ID cards, information brochures,
AP files etc. to be used during the implementation phase.
(iii) The field plan must address training and mobilization of resettlement
workers.
Full CVs (2-3 pages) of key personnel (for e.g. the Team Leader, Field Co-
coordinator) must be submitted along with the proposal. The Team Leader must
have degree in social science (preferably economics, sociology, anthropology,
development studies) and familiar with the local language. The Field coordinator
must have prior experience in resettlement operation and management and
familiar with the local language. The agency must be an established organization
registered with the Government of Tamil Nadu / India.
V. Budget
****** copies of the proposal - both technical and financial - should be
submitted. The budget should include all expenses such as staff salary, training,
computer/database, transport, field and any other logistics necessary for
resettlement implementation. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the
budget will not be entertained.
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Appendix – IV
Terms of Reference for an External Monitoring & Evaluation
Consultant/Agency
I. Project description
1. The Government of Tamilnadu has proposed to construct 5 high level
bridges (HLBs) in Tsunami affected areas and the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
has approved the financing of these projects under Tsunami Emergency
Assistance Project (TEAP) under the loan No. 2166-IND. These 5 HLBs are
distributed into Cuddalore(2), Nagapattinam (2) and Tinvallur(1) istricts. The
subproject will include investment in physical infrastructure plus proposals for
capacity building of State, district authorities and community based organizations.
2. In accordance with ADB’s TEAP loan procedures; this short Resettlement
Plan (RP) has been prepared for the Construction of High Level Bridge across
Vellar at km. 11/4 of Killai Road in Cuddalore District (MDR) in Tamil Nadu State.
This short RP, identifies the broad scope of the subproject and outlines the policy,
procedures for acquisition of land, compensation and other assistance measures
for affected persons and institutional requirements for this subproject under the
loan No. 2166-IND.
3. The Project includes a provision for monitoring and evaluation of the
implementation of the subproject resettlement plan by an external monitor.
Therefore, the RADMMD/ PMU, which is the Executing Agency (EA/IA) for this
project, requires services of a reputed individual/consultancy firm for monitoring
and evaluation of RP implementation.
II. Scope of work - Generic
To review and verify the progress in resettlement implementation as
outlined in the RP;
To monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of PMU, DSC and NGO in RP
implementation.
To assess whether resettlement objectives, particularly livelihoods and
living standards of the Affected Persons (APs) have been restored or
enhanced;
To assess the efforts of PMU & NGO in implementation of the
‘Community Participation strategy’ with particular attention on
participation of vulnerable groups namely (a) those who are below the
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poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC),
scheduled tribes (ST); (c) female-headed households (FHH); (d)
elderly and (e) disabled persons.
To assess resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and
sustainability, drawing both on policies and practices and to suggest
any corrective measures, if necessary.
To review the project impacts on Indigenous People and groups and
assess the effectiveness of the mitigative actions taken;
III. Scope of work- Specific
4. An Independent monitoring agency will be involved in ongoing monitoring
of the resettlement efforts by the EA/IA. The major tasks expected from the
external monitor are:
a) To develop specific monitoring indicators for undertaking monitoring
for Resettlement, Indigenous People Development Plan and the
Community Participation Strategy;
b) Review results of internal monitoring and verify claims through random
checking at the field level to assess whether land
acquisition/resettlement objectives have been generally met. Involve
the affected people and community groups in assessing the impact of
land acquisition for monitoring and evaluation purposes.
c) Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the land
acquisition/resettlement objectives and approaches, implementation
strategies.
d) To review and verify the progress in land acquisition/resettlement
implementation of subproject on a sample basis and prepare bi-annual
reports for the EA/IA and ADB.
e) Evaluate and assess the adequacy of compensation given to the APs
and the livelihood opportunities and incomes as well as the quality of
life of APs of project-induced changes.
f) To evaluate and assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the
consultative process with affected APs, particularly those vulnerable,
including the adequacy and effectiveness of grievance procedures and
legal redress available to the affected parties, and dissemination of
information about these.
IV. Time Frame and Reporting
5. The independent monitoring agency will be responsible for overall
monitoring of the Executing Agency (EA) and will submit biannual review reports
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to ADB through PMU and determine whether resettlement goals have been
achieved, more importantly whether livelihoods and living standards have been
restored/ enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement.
V. Qualifications
6. The monitoring agency will have significant experience in resettlement
policy analysis and RP implementation. Further, work experience and familiarity
with all aspects of resettlement operations would be desirable. Candidates with
degrees in anthropology, sociology, and development studies will be preferred.
7. Interested agencies/consultants should submit proposal for the work with
a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information
concerning previous experience on Monitoring of resettlement implementation
and preparation of reports.
8. The profile of agency along with full CV of monitors to be engaged must be
submitted along with the proposal. The agency must be an established
organization registered with the Government of India.
VI. Budget and Logistics
9. The proposal - both technical and financial - should be submitted and the
budget should include all cost and any other logistics details necessary for
resettlement monitoring. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the
budget will not be entertained.
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Appendix V
LIVELIHOODS A. Damage
1. The extent of damage to livelihoods8 either directly or indirectly9 extends much beyond
damage to physical infrastructure. Loss of lives; injuries; destruction of houses and productive assets;
and damage to social, physical, and transport infrastructure compounded damage to livelihoods. The
tsunami hit the livelihoods of those who were already poor10 the hardest and accentuated their deep-
seated vulnerability due to the socioeconomic structure of the affected areas, land-holding patterns,
ownership of economic assets, and lack of skills to benefit from economic opportunities. Seasonal
income patterns; climatic variations; and low coverage and quality of water, sanitation, health, and
education worsened the adverse impact.
2. The damage suffered by fisherfolks affected a broad range of microenterprises11 due to
marked interdependency in coastal economies (Table 1). The vulnerability of microenterprises to
disruptions in sources of supplies and markets led to loss of employment, especially for women.
Microenterprises cater to local markets and the lower income segments of the population both for
inputs and outputs. The damage to agriculture and livestock, though not significant, has also affected
the livelihoods of vulnerable coastal communities, including scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and
women. In addition, salinity of land and groundwater will have long-term impacts on productivity and
profitability of microenterprises especially those relating to agriculture and horticulture. Landless and
other casual laborers engaged in seasonal employment and other intermittent activities for
subsistence have suffered loss of employment opportunities and consequently wages.
Table 1: Estimated Breakup of Affected Livelihoods, Damages, and Wage Losses
Livelihoods Kerala Tamil Nadu
Item Number ($ million) % Number ($ million) % Total
I. Affected Livelihoods
Fisherfolk Microenterprises Agriculture & Livestock Others12 Total
42,723 15,000 6,500 20,777 85,000
50 18 8 24
120,000 90,000 29,000 161,000 400,000
34 22 7 37
162,723 105,000 35,500 181,777 485,000
II. Damage (assets)
Fisherfolk Microenterprises Agriculture & Livestock Total
18.60 2.09 3.40 24.09
64 7 12
259.07 12.56 9.30 280.93
85 4 4
277.67 14.65 12.70 305.02
III. Wage Loss (per month)
Fisherfolk Microenterprises Agriculture & Livestock Others Total
3.46 0.48 0.21 0.66 4.81
12 2 1 2
8.15 2.86 0.92 5.11 17.04
3.6 1 0.4 2
11.61 3.34 1.13 5.77 21.85
Source: Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) Report.
8 Reference is to activities undertaken by poor and low-income households including fisheries, agriculture, livestock, microenterprises, and wage employment. Large enterprises and tourism sectors are excluded. 9 For every person who goes out to the sea, approximately up to four people are estimated to be employed in allied land-based activities. International Fund for Agricultural Development. 2003. India: Rural Poverty among Coastal Fisheries: Profile and Possible Interventions, Report No.1447, October, p.39. 10 While poverty incidence in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, at 21% and 13% respectively, are below the national average of 26%, poverty among the coastal communities varies. 11 Group or individual enterprises requiring investments in the range of Rs5,000 to Rs250,000. Microenterprise encompasses all small income-generating activities. The JAM report segregated fisherfolks, agriculture, and livestock to facilitate separate sector discussions. 12 Wage laborers having seasonal employment or engaged in intermittent subsistence activities during lean periods.
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B. Livelihood Restoration Strategy and Initiatives
3. Livelihoods are in the private domain with a broad range of activities13 including fishing
spread over a large number of poor and low-income households. Considering the lessons learned in
emergency rehabilitation interventions, the strategy for restoration of livelihoods14 include (i) priority
for the poor and low-income families because of their inability to regain their livelihoods without
targeted interventions; (ii) empowering the poor by enabling them to reflect their priorities through
group-based mechanisms, primarily self-help groups (SHGs), which are well represented in the
affected areas; (iii) building and strengthening SHGs for sustained impact, cost-effective service
delivery, and adequate gender representation; and (iv) special interventions for vulnerable groups
that cannot immediately engage in economic activities.
4. Pooling of development efforts of the government, private sector, and nongovernment
organizations (NGOs) will be required to restore and develop livelihoods. In addition, the active
participation of affected people (including scheduled castes and scheduled tribes) to ensure effective
utilization of funds, timely delivery, effective targeting, and transparency are essential. Expeditious
service delivery, outreach, and continuity will be essential for convergence with ongoing initiatives
with established implementation mechanisms. Both Tamil Nadu, with the most damage, and Kerala15
are promoting social and economic empowerment of the poor and low-income households through
organization of SHGs and supporting them through revolving funds, part financing of group or
individual economic enterprises, linkages to institutional credit, skills development, and insurance.16
While Tamil Nadu and Kerala are in the forefront of the SHG movement in India, the coverage of
coastal communities and microenterprises development through SHGs remains limited.17
C. Scope and Components
5. The magnitude of the poverty impact of damaged livelihoods requires a substantial response
to restore income flows, reduce dependence on relief, and revive local economies. Accordingly, in
consultation with state governments this component18 includes (i) restoring livelihoods of the affected
poor and low-income households already organized into SHGs and other similar groups recognized by
state governments as affected by the tsunami through microenterprise training and establishment
support; (ii) formation of new SHGs, for both men and women, from affected households not yet
organized in community-based groups for restoring livelihoods through microenterprise training and
establishment support; (iii) replacement of productive assets (i.e., excluding housing) of tsunami-
affected households; (iv) skills upgrading;19 (v) risk mitigation through insurance of all affected
households that receive assistance under this component, through available life and property
13 State governments identified 23 microenterprises other than fisherfolk affected by tsunami. 14 Restoring livelihoods covers support for economic enterprises, upgrading skills and technology, and community based microinfrastructure to enable the poor to actively engage in economic activities. 15 Mahalir Thittam (Tamil Nadu) with 80,000 and Kudumbashree (Kerala) with 150,000 SHGs are flagship programs. 16 Implementation of this framework is financed under the Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) in the ratio of 75:25 by the state governments and Government of India. In addition to back-ended subsidies, linkages are established with financing institutions. Generally, the rural development departments implement SGSY. So far 24,000 SHGs in Tamil Nadu and 15,000 SHGs in Kerala are under various stages of support under SGSY. 17 Only 7,500 SHGs in Tamil Nadu and approximately 1,500 in Kerala are in coastal communities. 18 The scope excludes fisheries and agriculture sectors, including associated asset replacement expected to be funded from other sources. However, livelihood restoration relating to these segments (SHG formation, skills development, and microenterprise development support) are part of the scope in view of the inextricable linkages in local economies and the need for coordinated implementation for cost-efficient service delivery. 19 Skills development intervention is kept generic to ensure participation of SHGs, and other affected community groups and individuals. The scope includes fisheries and allied activities of poor and low income households.
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insurance schemes; (vi) restoring community-based infrastructure affected by the tsunami; and (vii)
technical support for implementation, monitoring, and impact assessment of this component.
D. Cost Estimates and Financing Plan
6. The total cost of this component is $60.16 million equivalent. Of the total cost, $51.15 million
equivalent is for Tamil Nadu and $9.02 million equivalent is for Kerala. The Asian Development Bank
(ADB) will finance the entire foreign exchange cost of $0.19 million equivalent and $58.84 million
equivalent of local currency cost or about 98% of the total cost. The Government will finance the
remaining local currency cost of $1.32 million equivalent, which includes taxes and duties. Cost
estimates and the financing plan are provided along with the Report and Recommendation of the
President to the Board of Directors on a Proposed Loan and Asian Tsunami Fund Grant to India for the
Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project (April 2005).
E. Implementation Arrangements
1. Project Management
7. The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department (RADMMD) in
Tamil Nadu and the Department of Disaster Management (DDM) in Kerala will be the executing
agencies (EAs). The EAs will establish project management units (PMUs) with representation of line
agencies. The PMUs will work closely with the ADB extended missions to facilitate implementation and
exercise monitoring and control.
8. Within this framework, the Rural Development Department in Tamil Nadu and Kerala
Fisheries Department20 will be implementing agencies (IAs). For state coordination, both IAs will be
represented in the PMUs. Project implementation units (PIUs) will be established within the Rural
Development Department and Kerala Fisheries Department. Project implementation will be undertaken
by field functionaries with emphasis on participation of local bodies, communities, and NGOs similar to
the Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana framework with adaptations required for expediting
outreach without compromising core principles. Key activities will be outsourced to specialized
agencies such as Kudumbashree in Kerala, Tamil Nadu Corporation for Women Development Limited,
Enterprise Development Institute in Ahmedabad, and other accredited training establishments and
NGO service providers. Successful SHGs will be encouraged as service providers to mainstream good
governance in community-based development interventions.
2. Implementation Schedule
9. The Project will be implemented over 3 years, commencing in the second quarter of 2005.
The concerned state governments will establish the PMUs and PIUs. The following startup activities will
be completed within the first 3 months (i) service provider eligibility criteria and (ii) processing of
retroactive financing, if any.
3. Procurement
10. Procurement, wherever required will be in accordance with ADB Guidelines for Procurement.
20 The Government of Kerala prefers livelihood restoration to be implemented by the Fisheries Department to realize the unexplored synergies between fisheries and other livelihood sources. Implementation in close coordination with Kudambashree (responsible for SGSY implementation) will ensure realization of the project objective.
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4. Consulting Services
11. Domestic consultants (community microenterprise development specialists) will be required
in Kerala and in Tamil Nadu to provide technical support to equip the line departments to restore
livelihoods in the aftermath of the disaster, mainstream best practices in communitybased
microenterprise development, emphasize outreach to women and other vulnerable groups, pool the
development efforts of stakeholders, monitor progress, and measure impact.
5. Monitoring
12. The PIUs will maintain a project performance monitoring system that will generate
semiannual and annual reports. The information system will include (i) the number of SHGs formed
and assisted, including membership by poverty classification, vulnerability, and gender; (ii) capacity
and skills training imparted; (iii) the number of enterprises supported and their financial and efficiency
ratios; (iv) repayment performance; (v) asset replacement and risk mitigation; and (vi) quantitative
and qualitative progress of community-based microinfrastructure projects.21 Specific monitoring
indicators will be applied to monitor whether the affected scheduled castes and scheduled tribe
community members receive the above assistance. The IAs will periodically commission independent
impact assessment to measure poverty outreach and poverty reduction through changes in income,
asset holding, and employment status. The IAs will maintain proper records and identification of SHGs
and individual beneficiaries receiving assistance including cash assistance under the Project. Likewise
proper accounts and reports will be maintained by the IAs and provided periodically to the EAs.
F. Benefits and Risks
13. The Project represents a focused approach to restoring livelihoods of affected households
through extension of ongoing interventions with appropriate adaptations for income expansion,
employment generation, and poverty reduction. The Project is expected to support 12,000 SHGs with
nearly 130,000 members including their capacity building and skills development. At least 50% of
those assisted will be women and at least 3% will be from among the disabled. About 130,00022
livelihoods will either be restored or started. In total, 350,000 livelihoods are likely to receive asset
replacement and risk reduction support. Simultaneous interventions especially for infrastructure
restoration through National Calamity Contingency Fund, state governments, private sector, and
multilateral and bilateral agencies will facilitate forward and backward linkages, which will help
enhance the rate of return on investments in microenterprises.
14. Major risks relate to ambitious targets inducing compromise on core principles of
sustainability and community participation. This has been mitigated by setting goals that can be
realistically achieved within the context of a limited duration Project.23 In addition, due caution will be
taken in selecting and promoting enterprises. The covariance risk of establishing a large number of
similar microenterprises in limited geographic areas has been reduced through a demand-driven
approach where communities realistically assess their skill and abilities. A community-based approach
will enhance effective targeting.
21 Operation and maintenance costs will be borne by local bodies. 22 Assuming group-based economic enterprises. 23 The size of this component factors implementation capacity and the time required to achieve expected outputs.
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Appendix – VI
List of Participants in Consultation
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Information for Posting revised SRP on ADB Website
SRP for
Start Date of Public Consultation /
dissemination of information
Start Date of revised SRP disclosure to the
entitled APs
Close Date of Public consultation / dissemination of information
Pulicat Bridge 21.09.2007 Mar-07 18.01.2008 Prepared By: Highways Department Project Title: Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project