resettlement planning document...policy a rs300 is based on transport requirements of the first 165...

Resettlement Planning Document Updated Resettlement Plan Document Stage: Draft for Consultation Project Number: July 2006

India: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project (Supplementary Financing) Prepared by Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Executive Summary

On 19 December 2000, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved the Calcutta (Kolkata) Environment Improvement Project to assist the Government in achieving sanitation improvements in the outer areas of Kolkata municipality. Supplementary financing is being processed to address (i) cost overruns, (ii) price escalation, (iii) cost increases due to physical and design changes, and (iv) cost underestimates. A resettlement plan (RP) was prepared for the Project in 2000. The RP was updated in 2006 based on project design and physical changes: specifically: (i) increase in the length of canal improvements, (ii) cancellation of sewage treatment plant components and drainage pumping stations, and (iii) a change in location for the solid waste management facility.

Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement. Project design has carefully incorporated engineering solutions to minimize land acquisition and resettlement impacts. Changes in project design had the objective of causing least disruption to the project area population. In the case of canal improvement which affects the most persons among project components, design changes avoided densely populated canal tracts.1 Component siting and alignment continue to be studied with the objective of reducing land acquisition and resettlement impacts as the Project is implemented.

Components B (sewerage and drainage improvements), C (solid waste management), and E (canal improvements) require land.2 For Component B, the 2.58 hectares (ha) required for sewage pumping stations is government land.3 Sewage treatment plant works will be within existing facilities. Component B will result in temporary impacts due to construction of trunk sewer lines. For Component C, an estimated 60 ha is required for the solid waste management facility. The land will be sited within KMC property. The eventual closure of the current landfill site will have impacts on garbage sorters. For Component E, 77.31 kilometers of canals will be improved. While land acquisition is not required at the canal sites, it will affect a significant numbers of canal dwellers. Government land will be used for the relocation sites.

Policy Framework and Entitlements. The policy framework and entitlements for the Project are based on national law (i) The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (LAA, amended in 1984), (ii) the National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation for Project Affected Persons, 2004 (NRRP), and (iii) ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement, 1995. A summary of the entitlement matrix is in the table below.

An assessment of the status and progress of project implementation shows that for

components that will require land and result in resettlement impacts—progress has been slow. As a result, all affected persons (APs) will be provided compensation and assistance based on this updated RP.

1 For example, in the case of the Keorapukur canal, canal improvement was reduced from 9 kilometers (km) to 1.148

km. In the case of the Churial canal, the same objective of avoiding a thickly populated settlement was achieved through a slight diversion through the Churial Extension canal that involved an increase in the canal length from 24 km to 27.545 km.

2 The Project will improve the urban environment in outer areas of Kolkata Municipality through six components: (A) stakeholder consultation program, (B) sewerage and drainage improvements, (C) solid waste management, (D) slum improvements, (E) canal improvements, and (F) implementation assistance and capacity building. The project area covers boroughs I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, VII and XV (outer areas of Kolkata municipality) for parts B, D and E of the Project, with parts A, C and F covering all boroughs within the municipality.

3 Eight drainage pumping stations originally proposed have been dropped from the Project based on revised project design.

ii

Entitlement Matrix Type of Loss Application Definition of

Entitled Person Compensation Policy

Canal Improvement Works 1 Loss of

structure Loss of residential structure

Encroacher/ squatter household head

1. Provision of 190 square foot VAMBAY flat with connections to basic urban services (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease.

2. Transport and labor support of Rs300a 3. Exemption from any registration costs, and other fees

related to moving into VAMBAY flats. 4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable

households (item 4). 2 Loss of

structure Loss of commercial structure

Encroacher/squatter business operator

1. Provision of 100 square foot shops which will form part of the VAMBAY complexb provided to AP with the condition that employee(s) if any will be retained.

2. Transport and labor support of Rs300 3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees

related to shops. 4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable

households (item 4). 3 Loss of

structure Loss of residential cum commercial structure


1. Provision of 190 square foot ground floor VAMBAY flat with connections to basic urban services (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease on the condition that employee(s) if any will be retained.

2. Transport and labor support of Rs300 3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees

related to moving into VAMBAY flats. 4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable

households (item 4). 4 Impacts on

highly vulnerable APs

Loss of structure Households headed by females, the elderly (over 65) or handicapped, and BPL households. Child laborers

1. Provision of ground floor VAMBAY flats which has commercial possibilities.

2. Livelihood training. 3. Priority in allocation of land for social forestry and

vegetable/crop production along canal banks. 1. Schooling based on National Policy. 2. Implementing a plan of action for rehabilitation co-

developed with UNICEF, Save the Children, NGOs and CBOs.

3. Gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child laborers into the educational stream.

5 Loss of Community Structures

Loss of access to community structures

Community 1. Replacement of affected schools. 2. Community sheds in the VAMBAY complex will be

provided for activities such as community meetings, recreational activities, meetings of the user groups, and vocational trainings.

3. Salvaging of materials for reuse or sale by the community organization allowed.

Sewerage and Drainage 6 Temporary

loss of access

Temporary loss of access to land, structure, utilities, common property resource

Legal owner(s), tenant(s), leaseholder(s), encroacher(s), or squatter(s)

1. 60 days advance notice including a repeat notification 30 days in advance, notification through loudspeakers 7 days in advance, and notification through Cable Network 3 days in advance

2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across trenches) where possible and traffic management to ensure access is maintained

3. Restoration of affected land, structure, utilities, common property resource

7 Temporary loss of livelihood

Temporary loss of livelihood/ source of

Business owner(s), tenant(s), leaseholder(s),

1. 60 days advance notice including a repeat notification 30 days in advance, notification through loudspeakers 7 days in advance, and notification through Cable

iii

Type of Loss Application Definition of Entitled Person

Compensation Policy

income employee(s), hawker(s)/vendors(s)

Network 3 days in advance 2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across

trenches) where possible and traffic management to ensure access is maintained

3. Provision of alternative sites in the vicinity for continued economic activity/ or compensation of lost income


Solid Waste Management

8 Loss of livelihood

Loss of livelihood/ source of income

Garbage collectors/ragpickers

1. In the interim, provisions on gloves, boots, aprons, and masks, and will be given periodic health check-ups.

2. Post closure, assistance in establishing alternative livelihoods.

9 Any other

loss not identified

1. Unanticipated involuntary impacts shall be documented and mitigated based on the principles in ADB’s IR Policy

a Rs300 is based on transport requirements of the first 165 households shifted to VAMBAY flats. Because of the proximity, the allowance provided 4 autorickshaw trips found to be adequate to transport the AF’s belongings or labor assistance for about 3 days.

b These will be in the perimeter of the residential structures.

Information Dissemination, Consultation, Disclosure and Grievance Redress. The Project adopts a participatory approach throughout RP implementation. Every month, a series of interactive session with all stakeholders including APs, ward committee members, municipal councilors, and civil society groups are conducted. Thirty-seven Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs) with a total of 460 AP members have been formed. CRGs meet at regular intervals to decide and discuss issues related to their community. These CRGs will be the basis of housing cooperatives when APs are moved to the Valmiki Ambedkar Shari Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) flats.4 The Project regularly distributes English and local language pamphlets containing project progress to stakeholders. Information booths have been set up in construction sites and in resettlement areas. The Project is setting up information booths in boroughs and canals/settlements to increase information dissemination. Resettlement planning information was disclosed to APs and other stakeholders.

At the settlement level, CRGs address grievances of APs. CRGs are expected to resolve any issue brought forward within a week, after which the grievance is brought to the engaged NGO which is given one week to resolve grievances. Grievances not resolved by the NGO are brought to the SDU, which in consultation with the Councilor and appropriate government authority, will address the grievance within one week. Grievances not redressed by the SDU are brought to the Grievance Redress Committee comprising the Councilor, two members from the SDU, two project staff, and two representatives from the CRGs. Grievances not addressed by the GRC within two weeks will be brought by the AP to the appropriate court of law.

Compensation and Income Restoration. Loss of structures (residential and commercial) will be replaced with apartments/shops/residential-cum-commercial units from the VAMBAY urban housing scheme of the Government. The affected household will contribute 5% of the cost of the unit, in exchange, from being informal dwellers on government land, they become legal owners of units with access to basic urban infrastructure. Units will be given on a 99 year non-resaleable lease in the name of the female head of the household. In addition, affected households are entitled to a shifting grant of Rs300.00. 4 CRGs will also be responsible for the operation and maintenance of infrastructural facilities, such as drainage,

internal pathways, solid waste collection, and water supply in the VAMBAY flats.

iv

The highly vulnerable group comprise households headed by women, the elderly, and disabled/handicapped; very poor households with incomes less than Rs2,300 per month and child laborers. Legal titles will be in the name of women, and thus the Project will help promote the empowerment of women. To assist the highly vulnerable, the Project will provide them with ground floor VAMBAY flats which have commercial possibilities, provide access to land for social forestry and vegetable/crop production in rehabilitated canal banks, and facilitate access to livelihood and other social programs of the Government. Child laborers will be provided: (i) schooling based on National Policy, (ii) assistance based on a plan of action for rehabilitation, and (iii) gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child laborers into the educational stream.

Institutional Framework, Resettlement Costs, and Implementation Schedule. The Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), the executing agency (EA), has established a Social Development Unit (SDU) within its Project Management Unit (PMU). It coordinates its activities with all government agencies as well as non-government organizations (NGOs). The responsibility for implementing canal works is with the Irrigation and Waterways Department (IWD), the other EA for the Project. The SDU is responsible for all tasks connected with resettlement and rehabilitation of APs in a participatory manner, livelihood restoration program, internal monitoring, and reporting. This requires them to be in regular consultation with APs in the field. Although a strong field presence is essential, no staff will be recruited for this purpose in either the KMC or the IWD. Instead, the Project will involve consultants and engage NGOs as Implementing Agencies (IAs). Two NGOs have been engaged specifically for field level implementation of resettlement activities.

The estimated resettlement cost is US$6.90 million, for land transfer costs from other government departments, transit village costs, cost of VAMBAY units, income restoration, and administrative costs. Remaining resettlement implementation is expected to be completed within an 18-month timeframe.

Monitoring and Evaluation. Internal and external monitoring will utilize quantitative monitoring, and qualitative monitoring using a variety of tool and methods such key informant interviews, focus group discussions, community public meetings, structured direct observations, and case studies. The SDU will be responsible for conducting regular internal monitoring. The SDU will prepare a monthly plan to check progress of RP implementation. Internal monitoring will cover: compensation and assistance; resettlement entitlement, transit camp, and land development; income restoration; special intervention for vulnerable groups; women empowerment through sensitization, participation and training; information sharing and consultation; grievance redress; implementation strategy and schedule sharing; coverage of APs under various government schemes for poverty alleviation and income generation; and formation of women’s self-help groups and their vocational training. An external monitor will be engaged primarily to: create a database to be used as benchmark for monitoring project output and impacts, assess the degree of project outcomes and impacts in relation to urban infrastructure development and rehabilitation, and identify the quality of life indicators against which the impact of this Project in the project areas could be monitored.

Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person BME Benefit Monitoring and Evaluation CBO Community-based Organization CRG Canal Resettlement Group EA Executing Agency GoI Government of India GoWB Government of West Bengal IA Implementing Agency IWD Irrigation and Waterways Department KEIP Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project KMC Kolkata Municipal Corporation KMDA Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority LAA Land Acquisition Act NGO Non-government Organization PMC Project Management Consultant PMU Project Management Unit PRC Project Review Committee RP Resettlement Plan SDU Social Development Unit

CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1

A. Project Background 1 B. Project Physical and Design Changes 1 C. Updated Resettlement Plan 3

II. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 3 A. Scope of Land Acquisition 3 B. Minimizing Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts 4 C. Resettlement Impacts 5

III. SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION 6 A. Census of 2005 6 B. Common Property Resources 7 C. Vulnerable Groups 8

IV. OBJECTIVES, POLICY FRAMEWORK, AND ENTITLEMENTS 8 A. Objectives 8 B. Policy Framework 8 C. Entitlements 9

V. CONSULTATION AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS PARTICIPATION 10 A. Consultations 10 B. Grievance Redress 18

VI. RELOCATION AND INCOME RESTORATION 19 A. Relocation of Housing and Settlements 19 B. Income Improvement Activities 22

VII. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 23 VIII. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING 26

A. Resettlement Costs 26 B. Resettlement Budget 27

IX. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 27 X. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 33 APPENDIXES 1. Original Summary Resettlement Plan 35 2. Summary of Project Implementation Progress 39

1

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Background

1. On 19 December 2000, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved the Calcutta (Kolkata) Environment Improvement Project to assist the Government in achieving sanitation improvements in the outer areas of Kolkata municipality. It was made effective on 16 April 2002 and has a closing date of 31 December 2007. It has the following components: (i) Part A: stakeholder consultation program; (ii) Part B: sewerage and drainage (S&D) improvements; (iii) Part C: solid waste management; (iv) Part D: slum improvements; (v) Part E: canal improvements; and (vi) Part F: implementation assistance and capacity building. In parallel, a Department for International Development (DFID) grant is supporting modernization and strengthening of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). It covers Boroughs I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, VII and XV for part B, while physical works under parts A, C, D, E and F cover different boroughs of KMC. 2. Supplementary financing is being processed to address (i) cost overruns, (ii) price escalation, (iii) cost increases due to physical and design changes, and (iv) cost underestimates. The following section discusses physical and design changes which impact on resettlement planning and implementation. B. Project Physical and Design Changes

3. Canal Improvements. Under the original design, 52.60 kilometers (km) of canals were to be improved. Changes in design resulted in 77.306 km of canal improvement. The most significant change is in T.P. and Keorapukur Canals (Table 1).

Table 1: Original and Revised Canal Improvement Length

Canal System Original Length Revised Length Reduction/Addition

T.P. 9 km 34.048 km (+) 25.048 km Keorapukur 9 km 1.148 km (-) 7.852 km

Monikhali and Begore 10.6 km 14.565 km (+) 3.965 km Churial 24.0 km 27.545 km (+) 3.545 km Total 52.60 km 77.306 km (+) 24.706 km

4. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. Several design changes have been made in this component. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) will no longer be constructed, and only the rehabilitation of one STP is now included in the Project. Drainage pumping stations are no longer part of the Project. The component will result in temporary resettlement impacts. 5. Solid Waste Management The design change requires the selection of a solid waste management site. The previous proposed site in Dhapa selected in 2000 is part of the East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) which was declared a Ramsar site in 2002. 6. Based on the changes, the Project components are briefly described as follows: (i) Stakeholder Consultation Program. The stakeholder consultation program (SCP)

consists of promotion of stakeholder involvement in the Project through (i) education programs for communities about environmental sanitation and health linkages; and (ii) consultations with Project beneficiaries about Project operations and community benefits and responsibilities as a result of the Project, including design, implementation and operation and maintenance. The SCP is designed to ensure stakeholder awareness,

2

participation, and education with respect to the implementation and management of the Project facilities. No physical works will be carried out under this component.

(ii) Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. The component includes: (i) installation of

approximately 424 km of new lines where drainage and sewerage network does not exist; (ii) renovation and desilting of approximately 364 km of existing sewers and drains; (iii) construction of new pumping stations for channeling the additional flow; (iv) construction of 18 new pumping stations and augmentation/rehabilitation of 17 existing pumping stations for channeling the dry water flow (DWF) and storm water flow (SWF); and (v) disposal of wastewater from Borough VII, parts of Borough XI and Borough XII, into the DWF channel. The component also includes rehabilitation works in 15 small-scale water bodies and parks. These works are of minor nature and mainly comprise beautification and upgrading of the environmental quality of these parks and water bodies (including fencing and paving of play areas). These parks and water bodies are in various stages of decay due to inadequate upkeep.

(iii) Solid Waste Management. The component will support primary collection and

segregation equipment, for solid waste management, as well as conservancy vehicles used for transporting/helping in collection of municipal solid waste including trucks, tipper trucks, dumper placer vehicles, tractor trailers, refuse collectors, and pay loaders. The component will also support construction of a sanitary landfill (SLF) with a design capacity of 1,200 metric ton (t) per day and a design life of approximately 20 years to take municipal solid waste from Kolkata city. An area of approximately 60 ha will be required for the proposed SLF facility.

(iv) Slum Improvements. The component aims to improve the living conditions and

productivity of low-income communities throughout the KMC area. It supports the improvement of infrastructure and the enhancement of environmental services, including water supply, sewerage and wastewater management, drainage, and solid waste management. Under this component the following will be carried out: (i) construction of 8,600 water standposts, (ii) construction/upgrading of 4,200 sanitary latrines, (iii) construction/upgrading of 700 community latrines, (iv) construction of 280 washing/bathing platforms, (v) realignment or widening of 28 km of drains, (vi) provision of 222 solid waste containers, and (vii) improvement/paving of 178,000 square meters (m2) of open public space.

(v) Canal Improvements. Canal improvement works has been proposed in parts of the T-P

Basin, Keorapukur Basin, Churial Basin, and Monikhali Basin, including desilting and lining of canals. The component includes construction of 53 bridges over these rehabilitated canals, and resettlement of 3,626 households (canal bank dwellers) in flats being set under the VAMBAY scheme. 1 This component will also include the construction of 4 pumping stations to handle the additional SWF flow at Chowbhaga, Keorapukur, Manikhali and Gushighata.

(vi) Institutional Development and Capacity Building. The Project will provide assistance

to KMC, under the Capacity Building Program funded by DFID, in developing the institutional capacity of KMC. This involves mainstreaming of management and geographical information systems, computerization of accounts and records, training of line department staff, and assisting in project implementation.

1 Valmiki Ambedkar Shari Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) is the GoI’s housing scheme for the urban poor.

3

C. Updated Resettlement Plan

7. A resettlement plan (RP) was prepared in November 2000. The summary of the 2000 RP is in Appendix 1. An assessment of the status and progress of project implementation (a summary is in Appendix 2) shows that for components that will require land and result in resettlement impacts: (i) canal improvements, (ii) sewerage and drainage improvement, and (iii) solid waste management—progress has been slow. This will result in all affected persons (APs) being provided compensation and assistance based on this updated RP.

8. This updated RP has been prepared to take account of changes in project design and components, and its resettlement impacts. The RP is based on the 2005 project census (verification survey), field visits, discussions with stakeholders particularly APs, and meetings with representatives of relevant government agencies and project staff.

II. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

A. Scope of Land Acquisition

9. Land is required for (i) canal improvements, (ii) sewerage and drainage improvement, and (iii) solid waste management. Land requirements are summarized in Table 2. 10. Canal Improvements. Land along 77.306 km of canals is required for the Project. An estimated 3-10 meters in each side of canals is required for improvement works. The canals are Government property and settlements have formed in these government land. There will be no land acquisition, but APs in settlements require compensation. 11. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. Land required for sewage pumping stations is Government property. This requires interdepartmental transfers which have been initiated.

12. Solid Waste Management. The required landfill will be sited in a 60-hectare KMC property. No land acquisition is required, but the closure of the current dumpsite will have impacts on garbage sorters and require compensation.

Table 2: Updated Land Acquisition Requirements

Project Component Purpose Area ( ha) Location Owner 15 South Suburban (East) in borough

XIII for boroughs XI & XIII KMDA Sewage Treatment

Plant - Borough XII -

0.0625 Borough I (Ward 2) KMC 0.0625 Borough I (Ward 6) I & WD

0.06 Borough XII (Ward 102) I & WD 0.09 Borough XII (Ward 104) I & WD

0.107 Borough XII (Ward 107) I & WD 0.118 Borough XII (Ward 108) I & WD 0.009 Borough XIII (Ward 117) W.B Govt 0.008 Borough XIV (Ward 132) KMC 0.30 Borough XIV (Ward 131) KMC 0.16 Borough XIV (Ward 129) Govt. of India

Sewerage and Drainage

0.30 Maheshtala Municipality (Related to Borough XV)

KMDA

Sewage Pumping Stations

0.40 Borough I PHED, Govt. of W.B.

0.30 Borough VII (Ward 66) near West of Ambedkar Bridge

KMC

0.30 Borough VII ( Ward 66) EE1 Minor channel

I & WD

4

Project Component Purpose Area ( ha) Location Owner 0.30 Borough VII ( Ward 67) DD1

channel I & WD

Solid Waste Management

Landfill and associated facilities

60 KMC

B. Minimizing Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts

13. In changing the project design, consistent with ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995), one of the Project’s objectives is to cause the least disruption to project area population. Canal improvements will affect the most number of persons among the Project’s components. 14. In Kolkata, canals designed for drainage use have traditionally also provided shelter. Vacant canal banks have been occupied since 1947. Migration from rural areas has largely filled canal banks with settlements. Nearby residents have also shifted to canal banks to escape rental fees. People in canal bank settlements do not have titles to the land they are occupying.2 15. Design changes avoided densely populated canal tracts. For example, in the case of the Keorapukur canal, canal improvement was reduced from 9 km to 1.148 km. In the case of the Churial canal, the same objective of avoiding a thickly populated settlement was achieved through a slight diversion through the Churial Extension canal that involved an increase in the canal length from 24 km to 27.545 km.

16. The overall increase in the number of affected persons is due to the increase in canals and canal lengths to be improved which increases the coverage of the Project. The design change increased the length of canals to be improved from 52.60 km to 77.306 km. As a result, the number of affected households (persons) increased from 3,507 (11,547) to 3,626 (16,317). This is shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Affected Households (Persons) in 2000 and 2005 Update Sl No

Canal 2000 Affected

Households

2000 Affected Persons

2005 Affected

Households

2005 Affected Persons

1

- TP Main - Intercepting TP - Lead Canal EE1 Minor (Indira Nagar) TP - Lead DD1 (Maduraha) TP - Additional Canals: Guniagachi, Ajay Nagar, Suti, Jamunagar, Survey Park TP)

704 1,612

18 - -

2,295 6,189

75 - -

555 1,555

18 190 350

2,455 6,988

81 843

1,569

2 Keorapukur 397 612 43 184 3 Monikhali-Jinjra 449 1,233 510 2,284 4 Churial Main

Churial Extension 327 1,145 327

18

1,471

78 5 Bridge Sites on TP, Monikhali and Churial - - 60 366 Total 3,507 11,549 3,626 16,317

17. Rehabilitation work for the STP will be undertaken within the existing facilities and will not require land acquisition. STPs originally planned for construction under the Project will no longer be undertaken subject to the findings of the environmental assessment. New

2 Settlements in some places extend to berm and even slide slopes almost to the low waterline of the canal. The

disposal of solid waste and wastewater have caused siltation, entrophication, and clogging of canals. The constricted flow leads to overflow of polluted water into streets and residential areas. It is becoming almost impossible to carry out desiltation of the canals because there is no space on canal banks to dump the silt.

5

construction for sewage pumping stations will be undertaken in vacant Government land. Temporary impacts due to sewage and drainage networks will be finalized during detailed design. C. Resettlement Impacts

18. Canal Improvements. Based on the verification survey in 2005, canal improvement works will affect 3,626 households or 16,317 persons with almost equal number of males and females. APs will be permanently relocated close to their original homes, compensated, and assisted prior to the start of canal improvement works. Tables 4 and 5 provides details on APs.

Table 4: Affected Settlements, Households, and Affected Persons by Canal Location Sl No

Canal Length in km

Number of Settlements

Affected Households

Affected Persons

Affected Persons

Male

Affected Persons Female

Remarks

1

T P Main Intercepting TP Lead Canal EE1 Minor (Indira Nagar) TP Lead DD1 (Maduraha) TP Additional Canals: Guniagachi, Ajay Nagar Suti Jamunagar Survey Park TP

6.775

19.573

1.792

2.775

3.133

10

24

1

1

9

555

1,555

18

190

350

2,453

6,988

81

843

1,569

1,236

3,501

42

430

792

1,217

3,487

39

413

777

Newly added and surveyed in 2005 Newly added and surveyed in 2005

2 Keorapukur 1.148 1 43 184 103 81 3 Monikhali-

Jinjra 14.565 24 510 2,284 1,145

1,139

4 Churial Main Churial Extension

25.415

2.130

11

1

327

18

1,471

78

740

41

731

37

Newly added and surveyed in 2005

5 Bridge Sites on TP, Monikhali and Churial

60 366 191 175

Total 77.306 82 3,626 16,317 8,221 8,096

Table 5: Affected Household, Persons, Residences, and Shops

Canal Total Affected Families

Total Affected Persons

Affected Households

Affected Shops

T P Canal + Lead Canals Madurdaha DD1 Indira Nagar Colony EE1 Additional Intercepting Keorapukur Monikhall

555 190 18

350 1,555

43 510

2,453 843 81

1,569 6,988

184 2,284

485 190 18

300 1,439

36 346

70 0 0

50 116

7 164

6

Canal Total Affected Families

Total Affected Persons

Affected Households

Affected Shops

Churial Churial Extension Bridge

327 18 60

1,471 78

366

301 18 44

26 0

16 Total 3,626 16,317 3,177 449

19. Sewerage and Drainage. The component will involve temporary resettlement impacts. The construction of trunk sewer lines through streets of Kolkata will cause some temporary disturbance but will be mitigated by providing diversion pathways for traffic. During implementation, temporary losses will be compensated based on the entitlement matrix.

20. Solid Waste Management. This component will have two parts: (i) closure of the existing dumping site, and (ii) setting up a new system of solid waste management. The Project will replace the existing dumping site with a new system (sanitary landfill; reduction, reuse, and recycling program; and composting). Originally, the site proposed in 2000 for solid waste management was in Dhapa, this area is within the EKW declared a Ramsar site in 2002. An alternative site, KMC-owned, outside the EKW will be used. Approximately 655 trash sorters will lose their livelihoods.

III. SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION

A. Census of 2005

21. In 2005, the Project carried out a census (verification survey) to determine the exact number of people likely to be affected by canal improvement works. The census updates the 2000 census and other surveys. The purpose of the 2005 census was to prepare the basis for determining who is entitled to compensation, assistance, and other benefits. It also briefly assesses the socioeconomic situation of the affected population. The results of the 2005 census and socioeconomic status of the affected population are summarized in the following sections. 22. Affected Population. According to the census, the total number of affected persons is 16,317 of which 8,221 are male and 8,096 are female. The number of affected households is 3,626. 23. Occupation. Majority (82%) of household heads are daily wage earners, the remainder are self-employed. The breakdown is provided in Table 6.

Table 6: Distribution by Occupation and Settlement Settlement Daily Wage

Labor Self-

Employed Total

TP 2,403 265 2,668 Keorapukur 32 11 43 Monikhali 479 31 510 Churial 278 67 345 Bridge 47 13 60

24. Income and Expenditure. The monthly income of the 89% of households ranges from Rs1,500 and Rs5,000. Distributions are shown in Table 7. The official poverty line is Rs406.06 per capita per month. The monthly expenditure of 90% household is Rs1,000 to Rs2,487.

7

Table 7: Household Income Distribution Settlement No. of AFs Rs1,500-2,000 Rs2,000-2,500 Rs2,500-3,000

and above TP 2,668 23 2,201 444 Churial 345 33 208 104 Monikhali 510 47 274 189 Keorapukur 43 3 36 4 Bridges 60 4 46 10 3,626 110 2,765 751

25. Literacy Rate and School Attendance. About 77.9% of the population above 6 years is literate. An estimated 31% completed middle school, and 23% completed only primary education. Almost all (94%) school-aged children attend school as shown in Table 8.

Table 8: School Attendance

Settlement Primary School

Secondary School

Male Female

TP 854 449 716 587 Keorapukur 11 8 10 9

Churial 107 91 103 95 Monikhali 213 193 261 145

Bridge 21 9 9 12

26. Housing and Assets. The typical (96%) house of canal dwellers is kutcha (ie. bamboo mat or mud wall with tiled roof and mud floor or occasionally brick soling). Settlements are composed small hutments in high density. Narrow pathways serve as internal roads. The pathways are normally kuccha and without streetlights. There are no drainage systems and liquid waste are discharged to canals or accumulate in and around the neighborhood. Drinking water is sourced from hand pumps in the vicinity. APs build raised bamboo structures on the canal covered by jute bags, cement bags on four sides, with one side open as toilets. The discharge is directly dropped in the canal without any treatment. APs do not have assets such as boundary walls trees and crops. Their status as illegal settlers makes them avoid having assets on the property to avoid losses if evicted. B. Common Property Resources

27. Whereas the original RP estimated that 69 common property resources would be affected, the verification survey undertaken in 2005 showed that 11 common property resources would be affected by the Project based on the revised project design. The impacts based on location and the type of common property resource is provided in Table 9.

Table 9: Common Property Resources Canal Location Type of Common Property Resources Club School Temple/Church/Mosque Total TP & Lead 02 - 1 (Temple) 03 Keorapukur - - 1 (Temple) 01 Monikhali - - 1 (Temple) 01 Churial - - - 00 Intercepting 02 03 1 (Temple 06 Total 04 03 04 (Temple) 11

29. The Project will replace all affected schools. Community sheds in the VAMBAY complex will be provided for activities such as community meetings, recreational activities, meetings of the user groups, and vocational trainings. The Project will allow salvaging of materials for reuse or sale by the community or organization. These are reflected in the entitlement matrix.

8

C. Vulnerable Groups

28. All permanently affected persons are vulnerable as they are all poor and live on lands to which they have no legal rights and are therefore liable to eviction anytime without assistance in any form. Of these vulnerable group, there is a subset of more vulnerable households including 462 households headed by women, 2,765 very poor families with incomes less than Rs2,300 per month, 399 elderly persons, and 1 disabled/handicapped persons. The updated survey also identifies 4% out of school youth (Table 10).

Table 10: Vulnerable Groups Canal Women Headed Families Very Poor Families Elderly Persons T P Canal DD1 Madurdaho C2C3 Jamunanagar, Guniagachi, Suti

61 14 35

412 194 289

82 17 31

Keorapukur 5 34 4 Monkhali 49 420 41 Churial + Churial Extension

34 2

264 51

29 3

Intercepting Canal 262 1,101 192 Total 462 2,765 399

IV. OBJECTIVES, POLICY FRAMEWORK, AND ENTITLEMENTS

A. Objectives

29. Designed to improve the environmental quality of Kolkata, the Project is likely to be beneficial to the poor and poor women in particular. Despite its positive aspects, the Project is likely to trigger relocation on a large scale. It will require all canal dwellers and shopkeepers to leave their homes and businesses before canal improvement works start. The sewerage and drainage components will also involve temporary resettlement impacts. In addition, loss of income will become unavoidable when solid waste disposal improvement works eventually close off the landfills to rag pickers. 30. The Project will however ensure that those losing structures, livelihoods, and other resources are assisted in improving or at least regaining their former level of living at no cost to them. To achieve this goal, the Project will:

(i) Compensate for lost assets and loss of livelihood and income; (ii) Provide assistance for relocation, including provision of relocation sites with

appropriate facilities and services; and (iii) Provide assistance for rehabilitation that generally improves or at least restores

the social and economic base of those affected.

B. Policy Framework

31. National Policy and Laws on Resettlement. Until recently, there was no national policy on involuntary resettlement in India. The Government promulgated a national policy in 2004. The policy recognizes the need for resettlement and rehabilitation of people affected by development projects. Its provisions are intended to mitigate adverse impacts on project area people. Specific provisions exist for vulnerable and poorer groups. There is, however, no law on resettlement in India.

9

32. In India, the law relating to the acquisition of privately owned immoveable property is the Land Acquisition Act of 1894 (LAA, amended 1984). In exercise of power under LAA, the Government on payment of compensation can acquire any land, building, and crops for any public purpose or in the public interest. LAA sets forth the procedure for land acquisition.

33. Although the law provides for payment of compensation to persons whose lands, structures, and other immoveable assets are acquired for a public purpose, the amount of compensation is never adequate to buy back land of the same size and quality. In order that persons forced to give up their lands and other assets do not suffer loss in such transactions, the Project will objectively establish the real replacement costs of assets to be acquired for its requirements. 34. As APs living in canal bank settlements, they are unauthorized occupants of land which is Government property, and are not entitled to legal compensation. LAA is therefore not applicable to the Project. On removal from canal banks, the APs will, however, be assisted by other support mechanisms to recover their losses. In keeping with ADB policy, this will be done to ensure that as a result of project activities there is no drop in their standard of living. 35. ADB Resettlement Policy Requirements. While the legal system in India on mitigation of loss of land and other assets is focused on compensating the loss of assets, the emphasis of the ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement is more on the need to assist the affected people in their rehabilitation. ADB’s Policy adopted in 1995, goes beyond the payment of cash for assets lost, and addresses the issues related to rebuilding the lives of people who are often adversely affected by development projects. 36. The emphasis of the ADB policy is on the need to assist APs in their rehabilitation. The three important elements of the involuntary resettlement policy are: (i) compensation to replace lost assets, livelihood, and income; (ii) assistance for relocation, including provision of relocation sites with appropriate facilities and services; and (iii) assistance for rehabilitation to achieve at least the same level of well-being with the project as without it. C. Entitlements

37. The original entitlements address impacts on APs due to the Project. The entitlement matrix in this RP provides additional detail with respect to implementation issues and responsible agency. The significant difference is with respect to entitlements for canal dwellers. In the legal sense, canal dwellers and shopkeepers are encroachers, and therefore not eligible for any compensation or resettlement assistance. However, based on ADB’s Policy, the lack of title is no bar to resettlement assistance eligibility. In pursuance of ADB’s Policy and the RP, the Project initially made a provision for a lump sum one-time financial assistance of Rs 30,000.00 per family in the form of grant for shifting to an equivalent habitable area. This was inclusive of cost on transportation of all belongings including the salvaged building materials. 38. The entitlement package has, however, considerably improved since. Under the enhanced package, the Project will buy from the Kolkata Municipal Development Authority (KDMA) or build flats/shops/residential-cum-commercial units for all APs, each such unit costing on average Rs84,000. 3 The cost excludes the cost of land, which will be borne by the Government of West Bengal. The Government of India will contribute under its housing scheme

3 The cost per unit in Manikhali and Churial will be higher as landfilling, laying of approach road and other basic

infrastructure such as lighting will be needed.

10

for the urban poor, VAMBAY, Rs30,000. The share of the affected family to the total cost will be 5% (Rs4,230). The Project bears the highest cost of Rs50,370. 39. The apartments will be provided such conveniences as water and electricity connections. The design of apartments has been done to keep preferences of the APs in view. This is reflected in locating the toilets in balconies, outside the apartment. This has also increased the living area from 163 square feet (sq. ft.) to 190 sq. ft.

40. These flats come with legal titles for occupants, turning informal dwellers on government lands to legal owners of well built apartments. Based on VAMBAY conditions, the legal titles will be in the name of women, and thus the Project will help promote the empowerment of women. The allotment of units will be on 99 year non-resaleable lease in the name of the female head of the family and her male counterpart/kin as nominee. In addition to the flats, the affected households are entitled to a shifting grant of Rs300.00. 41. Extensive consultations were held with APs regarding entitlements, which they considered beneficial for them and therefore willingly accepted. The aim of the new Project compensation policy is to provide a comprehensive coverage for lost assets and restoration and/or enhancement of livelihoods for all categories of the affected people, whether affected directly, indirectly, with or without titles. With the new compensation measures the APs will be able to replace their lost assets and restore income and livelihoods. The entitlement matrix listing broad types of losses and the corresponding proposed entitlements to cover all possible losses is provided in Table 11. The cut-off date for compensation eligibility will be the date of census verification survey (2005). Persons settling in the project area after the cut-off date will not be eligible for compensation or assistance. 42. Assistance to Highly Vulnerable Groups. As discussed in Section II, the highly vulnerable group includes households headed by women, the elderly, and disabled/handicapped; very poor households with incomes less than Rs2,300 per month and child laborers. As earlier discussed, based on VAMBAY conditions, the legal titles will be in the name of women, and thus the Project will help promote the empowerment of women. To assist the highly vulnerable, the Project will provide them with ground floor VAMBAY flats which have commercial possibilities, provide access to land for social forestry and vegetable/crop production in rehabilitated canal banks, and facilitate access to livelihood and other social programs of the Government. Child laborers will be provided: (i) schooling based on National Policy, (ii) will be provided assistance based on a plan of action for rehabilitation co-developed by the Project with UNICEF, Save the Children, and CLPOA, and (iii) gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child laborers into the educational stream.

V. CONSULTATION AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS PARTICIPATION

A. Consultations

43. The Project recognizes the value of participation, and utilizes the participatory approach throughout the RP implementation process. This approach ensures transparency and accountability. A series of interactive session with the all stakeholders involving AP, ward committee members, municipal councilors, and civil society groups have been conducted. As of July 2006, 359 such sessions have been held and continue to be held. These sessions focus on disclosure of project information including resettlement information, project planning, and project implementation. Records of these sessions including date, place, issues of discussion, signature of participants and photographs are kept by the SDU. As an illustration, Table 12

11

shows sessions for September 2005. Sessions are in the form of meetings (formal and informal), door to door visits, and focus group discussions. On average sessions are conducted twice a week. 44. Such consultations result in refinements in project design. For example, the VAMBAY housing scheme was not imposed by the Project, but was discussed with APs. The discussion highlighted both the substantial long-term gains from the housing scheme against the contribution of 5% required from APs. APs took their own decisions, all opting for the scheme based on their individual assessments. The housing scheme, gives APs 95% subsidized flats with legal titles.

Table 11: Entitlement Matrix Type of Loss Application Definition of Entitled

Person Compensation Policy Implementation Issues Responsible Agency

Canal Improvement Works

1 Loss of structure

Loss of residential structure


1. Provision of 190 square foot VAMBAY flat with connections to basic urban services (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease.

2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300a

3. Exemption from any registration costs, and other fees related to moving into VAMBAY flats.

4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable households (item 4).

Each AF will contribute 5%b of the total cost of the flat, estimated at Rs4,000c. The Government of India will contribute Rs30,000 from its Basic Services to the Urban Poor program. The remaining cost estimated at Rs65,000 will be from the Project.

Flats will be in the name of the wife of the household head in the case of male-headed households (or the household head in the case of female-headed households) with the spouse/next of kin as nominee.

Highly vulnerable households identified in DMS surveys.

PMU (primarily through the SDU) Highly vulnerable households to be verified by the SDU.

2 Loss of structure

Loss of commercial structure

Encroacher/squatter business operator

1. Provision of 100 square foot shops which will form part of the VAMBAY complexd provided to AP with the condition that employee(s) if any will be retained.

2. Transport and labor support of Rs300

3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees related to shops.


Each AF will contribute 5% of the total cost of the shop, estimated at Rs2,500-3,000. The remaining cost estimated at Rs47,500 will be from the Project.

Shops will be in the name of the business operator.

`Highly vulnerable households identified in DMS surveys

PMU The SDU will verify employee(s) of the business operator and will ensure retention of employee(s) as a condition for provision of shops. Highly vulnerable households to be verified by the SDU.

3 Loss of structure

Loss of residential cum commercial structure


1. Provision of 190 square foot ground floor VAMBAY flat with connections to

Each AF will contribute 5% of the total cost of the flat, estimated at Rs4,000-

PMU The SDU will verify

12


Compensation Policy Implementation Issues Responsible Agency

basic urban services (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease on the condition that employee(s) if any will be retained.

2. Transport and labor support of Rs300

3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees related to moving into VAMBAY flats.


5,000.e The Government will contribute Rs30,000 from its Basic Services to the Urban Poor program. The remaining cost estimated at Rs65,000 will be from the Project.

Flats will be in the name of the wife of the household head in the case of male-headed households (or the household head in the case of female-headed households) with the spouse/next of kin as nominee.


employee(s) of the business operator and will ensure retention of employee(s) as a condition for provision of flats. Highly vulnerable households to be verified by the SDU.

4 Impacts on highly vulnerable APs

Loss of structure Households headed by females, the elderly (over 65) or handicapped, and BPL households. Child laborers

1. Provision of ground floor VAMBAY flats which has commercial possibilities.

2. Livelihood training. 3. Priority in allocation of land

for social forestry and vegetable/crop production along canal banks.

1. Schooling based on

National Policy. 2. Implementing a plan of

action for rehabilitation co-developed with UNICEF, Save the Children, NGOs and CBOs.

3. Gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child laborers into the educational stream.


Enrolment of children in preparatory centres and finally in schools

Highly vulnerable households to be verified by the SDU. SDU will identify child laborers. SDU will be primarily responsible for plan development and implementation, SDU will ensure enrolment of child laborers in preparatory centers and eventually in schools.

5 Loss of Community Structures

Loss of access to community structures

Community 1. Replacement of affected schools.

13



2. Community sheds in the VAMBAY complex will be provided for activities such as community meetings, recreational activities, meetings of the user groups, and vocational trainings.

3. Salvaging of materials for reuse or sale by the community organization allowed.

Sewerage and Drainage

6 Temporary loss of access

Temporary loss of access to land, structure, utilities, common property resource

Legal owner(s), tenant(s), leaseholder(s), encroacher(s), or squatter(s)


2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across trenches) where possible and traffic management to ensure access is maintained


Traffic management carried out in consultation with concerned government agencies.

PMU, DSC, CMU Design of content for cable prepared by CC Verification of APs by the NGO under SDU Restoration as part of contractors contract

7 Temporary loss of livelihood

Temporary loss of livelihood/source of income

Business owner(s), tenant(s), leaseholder(s), employee(s), hawker(s)/vendors(s)


2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across trenches) where possible and traffic management to ensure access is

PMU, DSC, CMU Design of content for cable prepared by CC Verification of APs by the NGO under SDU NGO to determine income loss/minimum wage Restoration as part of contractors contract

14



maintained 3. Provision of alternative sites

in the vicinity for continued economic activity/ or compensation of lost income


Solid Waste

Management

8 Loss of livelihood

Loss of livelihood/source of income

Garbage collectors/ragpickers

1. In the interim, provisions on gloves, boots, aprons, and masks, and will be given periodic health check-ups.

2. Post closure, assistance in establishing alternative livelihoods.

SDU/PMU NGO

9 Any other loss not identified

2. Unanticipated involuntary impacts shall be documented and mitigated based on the principles in ADB’s IR Policy

a Rs300 is based on transport requirements of the first 165 households shifted to VAMBAY flats. Because of the proximity, the allowance provided 4 autorickshaw trips found to be adequate to transport the AF’s belongings or labor assistance for about 3 days. b To be deposited in a bank designated by the SDU. c For 165 households already handed over with VAMBAY flats, 5% was equivalent to Rs 3,930. d These will be in the perimeter of the residential structures. e For 165 households already handed over with VAMBAY flats, 5% was equivalent to Rs 3930.

15

16

Table 12: Sample Summary Records of Stakeholder Meeting (August-September 2005)

No. Date Place Participants Purpose/Key Issues

Remarks

1. 01.09.05 Laskarhat Sri KS Ghosh and Prabir Ray, SDU,KEIP and 36 APs from Laskarhat

Meeting regarding vulnerable group

It was decided that ground floor flat allotted to vulnerable group

2. 02.09.05 Ramkrishna Nagar

Sri. Prabir Ray, Sri. Apurba Dey Singha and Sri Rupayan Dutta, SDU, KEIP and 25 APs from Ramkrishna Nagar

Meeting regarding social issues like Fire Fighting’s and Health & Hygiene

All canal dwellers show very much interest to dig pits for fire fight’s.

3. 03.09.05 Prankrishna Colony

Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray of SDU, KEP and 40 APs from Prankrishna Nagar.

Meeting regarding changing behaviour issues like stop open defecation and garbage disposal

4. 03.09.05 Ramkrishna Nagar

Sri Prabir Ray of SDU, KEIP and Sri Nirmal Mondal, MLA Sonarpur.

Regarding Transit, VAMBAY and 5% contribution.

5. 05.09.05 KEIP Office Sri Amal Majumder, Councillor Ward No. 108, Sri Rajiva Sinha, Project Director, Sri Kalyan Ghosh SO(C), Sri K S Ghosh and Sri Prabir Ray

Regarding Transit, VAMBAY and 5 % Contribution.

6. 07.09.05 26 Pally Purbachal

Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray, 12 APs from 26 Pally Purbachal.

Regarding bridge.

7. 08.09.05 Rajdanga Club

Sri Amal Majumder, Councillor – 108, Smt. Mukul Guha Thakurata, Councillor – 107, Sri Ganesh Guha Thakurata, Ex-Chairman of Borough – XII, Sri Kalayan Ghosh, SO(C), Smt. Ranjana Dasgupta, Dy. TL, SDU, Sri KS Ghosh and Sri Prabir Ray.

Transit Camp, VAMBAY Ph -1 at Nonadanga, 5 % contribution.

8. 12.09.05 Laskarhat Sri Hari Har Pandey, Key persons of Laskarhat, Sri K S Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray

Regarding vulnerable group

It was decided that vulnerable group would get ground floor flat.

9. 14.09.05 Hossenpur Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Meeting regarding

17


Remarks

Prabir Ray and 22 APs from Hossenpur.

Transit Camp, Health & Hygiene.

10. 15.09.05 Paschim Chowbhaga and Anandanagar

Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray and 18 APs from Paschim Chowbhaga and 16 APs from Anandanagar

Meeting regarding Transit Camp

11. 16.09.05 Nonadanga A mass meeting addressed by Sri Buddhadeb Bhattacharya, Chief Minister of West Bengal, Kumari Sailaja, Hony Union Minister, Sri Ashoke Bhattacharya, MIC, Municipal Affairs, Sri Rajiva Sinha, Project Director, KEIP and 500 APs

Handed over VAMBAY flats to the APs.

12. 19.09.05 Rajdanga Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray of KEIP and 28 APs from Rajdanga

Entitlement Matrix

13. 20.09.05 Anandapur LB

Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray of KEIP and 24 APs from Rajdanga

Meeting regarding Transit, behavioural change like stop open defecation and garbage disposal.

14. 22.09.05 KEIP Office Sri Abu Sufean, MMIC, Sri Rajiva Sinha, Project Director, KEIP, Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray

Meeting regarding status and progress of R & R.

15. 24.09.05 Laskarhat Sri Hari Har Pandey, Key persons of the community, Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray

Meeting regarding vulnerable group, 5% contribution, process of distribution flat etc.

16. 26.09.05 Kalikapur & Uttar Kalikapur

Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray, Sri Apurba Dey Singha and Sri Abhijit Pakrashi and 27 APs. & 29 APs.

Entitlement Matrix

17. 27.09.05 Borough XII Sri Samarendra Ray, Chairman, Borough- XII, Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray, Sri Debasish Sengupta

Meeting regarding bridges

18. 28,09.05 Rajdanga School Road

Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray, Abhijit Pakrashi and Sri Bijan

Meeting regarding Entitlement Matrix

18


Remarks

Choudhuri and 32 APs from Rajdanga School Road

19. 30.09.05 Rabindra Pally

Sri KS Ghosh, Sri Prabir Ray, Sri Rupayan Dutta, Sri Bijon Choudhuri and Sri Madhu Sarkar and 38 APs from Rabindra Pally.

Meeting regarding Entitlement Matrix

45. To encourage participation, community groups named Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs) have been formed. Thirty-seven Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs) with a total of 460 AP members have been formed. CRGs meet at regular intervals to decide and discuss issues related to their community. These CRGs will be the basis of housing cooperatives when APs are moved to the VAMBAY flats. CRGs will also be responsible for the operation and maintenance of infrastructural facilities, such as drainage, internal pathways, solid waste collection, and water supply in the VAMBAY flats. 46. Disclosure Mechanism. The Project regularly distributes English and local language pamphlets including FAQs containing project progress to stakeholders. Information booths have been set up in construction sites and in resettlement areas. The Project is setting up information booths in boroughs and canals/settlements to increase information dissemination. Resettlement plans (summaries in local language) are available in the information booths. Other information available in the booths are: compendium of all Government schemes for income generation activities; and handouts on Personal Insurance Scheme, Legal Title Holding of VAMBAY Flats, Facilities provided by the Project, Cleaning and Maintenance of Toilet and Drains, Garbage Disposal, Fire Fighting, Health and Hygiene, and Cooperative Formation. Resettlement planning information was disclosed to APs and other stakeholders and will be placed in ADB’s website. 47. Transparency and Accountability. The Project's .participatory approach in implementation ensures transparency and accountability. The disclosure of the project and RP information to the public and APs is intended to inform them about the transparent and accountable intentions of project authorities. The Social Development Unit (SDU) plays a significant role in promoting this approach. NGOs, under the supervision of the SDU communicate with the APs on a daily basis various resettlement issues. The NGOs has assisted final validation of APs, formation of CRGs, helping the APs to open bank accounts and awareness generation for behavioral change among APs. To avoid any accusation of impropriety and corruption, all payments are made in group/public settings. B. Grievance Redress

48. Participation by APs in the resettlement planning and implementation processes has enhanced acceptance of the Project, and reduced their dissatisfaction. There will nevertheless be occasions when some individuals or groups feel dissatisfied with resettlement implementation or the manner of its implementation.

19

49. The Project has established a grievance redress mechanism with the aim of removing dissatisfaction with resettlement activities among the affected people. It is also making efforts to see that the people become conversant with the grievance resolution procedures. The effort has been to provide redress to APs right on the spot, saving them the time and trouble involved in commuting to the Project headquarters and other concerned offices in town. 50. At the settlement level, CRGs4 address grievances of APs. CRGs are expected to resolve any issue brought forward within a week, after which the grievance is brought to the engaged NGO which is given one week to resolve grievances. Suggestion boxes have been placed at settlement sites so that APs who hesitate to approach CRGs, NGOs or SDUs can convey their complaints. The NGOs collect these complaints and forward them to the SDU through the field staff every week. Grievances not resolved by the NGO are brought to the SDU which in consultation with the Councilor and appropriate government authority will address the grievance within one week. Grievances not redressed by the SDU are brought to the Grievance Redress Committee comprising the Councilor, two members from the SDU, two project staff, and two representatives from the CRGs. Grievances not addressed by the GRC within two weeks will be brought by the AP to the appropriate court of law.

VI. RELOCATION AND INCOME RESTORATION

51. The Project has made all efforts to avoid land acquisition and resettlement impacts. However, where relocation is unavoidable, the Project assists APs particularly highly vulnerable APs, in ways that ensures that no one shall be worse off than they were before the Project. A. Relocation of Housing and Settlements

52. The original RP provided a lumpsum payment and financial assistance in the form of a grant to shift to an equivalent habitable area. In this case, APs would construct their own houses. During project implementation, there was a felt need to improve on the entitlements to ensure that APs would not settle just anywhere in Kolkata, which is likely to result in other illegal settlements. 53. Number Requiring Relocation. Relocation will be necessary to carry out canal improvement works and will be completed before canal works start. All affected households numbering 3,626 living on canal banks will be relocated. This relocation will be permanent. Temporary relocation has been required and is further discussed in following sections. 54. Consultations with Affected People on Relocation Matters. The Project holds consultations with APs before their relocation. The consultative process has started and the Project is relocating people in consultation with them. APs have fully endorsed the plan to keep relocation sites close to their original settlements so that they may preserve their existing social and economic links. 55. Land for Relocation. The search for land suitable to relocate and resettle canal dwellers has been a long process, especially because the Project was required to relocate APs close to their original settlements. Initially, the Project identified land within EKW, but new environmental regulations prevented its acquisition. The Project has acquired 19.07 acres of

4 The 37 CRGs formed at the community-level comprise 460 members. The CRGs help in grievance redressal,

operations and maintenance of community assets created, and improving communities and community life.

20

land for resettlement to address this issue.5 Relocation sites are close to original settlements of about two kilometers. The Table 13 reflects the canal-wise land acquisition.

Table 13: Land Acquisition for Resettlement Sl. No.

Name of canal Land Required for Resettlement

(in acres)

Land in Possession (in acres)

1 TP & Lead Canal 2 Intercepting 3 Additional Canals

(Guniagachi, Suti, A.Nagar, M’pur etc.)

4 M’daha-DD1

10.00 1.80 6.20 2.03

5 Keorapukur 6 Churial Extension 7 Bridge site

0.94 0.94

8 Manikhali –Jinjira 5.54 5.54 9 Churial Main 2.56 2.56 Total 19.07 19.07

56. The Relocation Process. All people living along canal banks affected by improvement works will be relocated before the canal improvement works start. Current relocation has been undertaken in a two-part process, as follows:

(i) The Project shifted APs to a transit camp, not far from the canals. To set up the

transit camp, the Project provides APs land, plus Rs 300 per family, to transport salvaged materials.

(ii) Once the 4-stories high flats, being built by KMDA/KEIP under the Government

of India’s VAMBAY scheme, are ready, those living in transit camps will then be shifted to those flats.

57. Initially, ADB had some reservations on this two-part relocation plan. Later, it agreed with this plan to move people to transit camps before their eventual shifting to flats on certain conditions. These conditions meant to ensure that transit camps do not end up as the final destination, are as follows:

(i) Affected families will be moved to temporary settlements at a distance not more than 2 kilometers from their present settlements.

(ii) The temporary settlements should be so designed that their lives and livelihoods are not disrupted.

(iii) Affected families will not be required to pay accommodation charges for temporary settlements.

(iv) Basic services such as water supply, sanitation and security lighting facilities will be provided.

5 Of the 19.07 acres, 10.03 acres has been acquired through interdepartmental transfers; 9.04 acres were acquired

by the Project.

21

(v) Affected families will be moved to VAMBAY flats within the timeframe agreed with ADB.

(vi) Affected families will have access to various central and state governments schemes for social benefits, income generation and others.

(vii) Transportation and labour charges Rs300 (three hundred) will be paid per family. 58. Temporary resettlement of 460 households from the downstream portion of TP system was undertaken. Around 460 families (440 families from 12 canal stretches and 20 from 4 bridge sites) are now in a transit site near Nonadanga and will be permanently resettled in VAMBAY phase II flats constructed by KMDA and flats constructed by KEIP under VAMBAY. The Government expressed that it is not their policy to do this two-part process and ADB has advised that resettlement directly to the VAMBAY flats should be undertaken for the rest of the canals. The transit camped initially envisioned to be occupied for only 6 months, will now be occupied for an estimated additional 6 months due to VAMBAY flat construction delays.

59. Relocation Site Distance. Relocation has been planned keeping the distance factor in view. No site for relocation is far from the original settlement; all within 2.5 kilometers, located in developing industrial and business areas of Kolkata. APs are thus being shifted close to their original settlements. This ensures that APs continue to remain near their sources of livelihoods and are thus saved from total disruption to their lives.

60. The affected families from the TP Canal are being relocated at Nonadanga, where the relocation process has already started. For those on canal banks of Monikhali, Keorapukur, and Churial, they will be relocated at Sampa Mirza Nagar, Purba Putiary, and Purba Barisha.

61. The relocation site distance details for canal dwellers are given in Table 14:

Table 14: Relocation Site Distances

Canal

Number of Households to be

Relocated

Relocation Site Distance

T P Canal (a)Package 1 (b) Package 2 (c) Package 3

1,096

1,062

510

Nonadanga

Nonadanga

Kasba

1.5 km

2 km

2 km

Keorapukur 43 Purba Putiary 2 km Monikhali 510 Sampa Mirzanagar 2.5 km Churial + Churial Extension

345 Purba Barisha and Purba Putiary

2/2.5 km

Bridges 60 Purba Putiary 2.5 km

62. The shifting of people from the canal banks has already begun in a phased manner and after a slow start, it is now is proceeding satisfactorily for TP canal dwellers. Relocation has been carried out in two phases because of the need to coordinate sewerage and drainage improvements and canal rehabilitation. Presently, de-silting and relining of canals under the Project is being undertaken. The Project has taken steps to see that the vacated canal banks are not encroached again. The canal banks already vacated will be brought under an afforestation plan, which the KEIP proposes to implement collaboratively with highly vulnerable APs.

22

63. The first relocation involved 165 canal bank households moved from the TP Basin to new VAMBAY flats in Nonadanga. This was done to ensure that the construction on Canal Package 1 for TP Basin (CW 05) could be taken up as scheduled. Households numbering 444 have been moved to a transit camp. They are expected to move into their apartments as soon as new blocks under construction are ready for occupation. The comprehensive relocation plan, which is presently under implementation, is slated for completion by November 2007. 64. The resettlement area at Nonadanga, selected for its closeness to the original settlements, is proving to be extremely helpful to the relocated people in keeping intact their existing economic and social links. Focus group discussions reflect that APs at the relocation site are fully satisfied with new living arrangements, as the apartments not only have both electricity and water connections but are also close to their previous settlements as well as close to a fast developing industrial area of Kolkata. Moreover, they have also received legal titles to their new flats, changing their status from informal dwellers to which stigma was attached, to house owners with legal titles. This also makes them eligible to open bank accounts and the Project is extending help in opening bank accounts. Prior to APs being moved to VAMBAY Phase I units, the SDU conducted a series of brain storming sessions with APs for eight to nine months. They were made to understand the need for beneficiary contribution to establish a sense of ownership. APs were advised to save Rs 12-17 daily on their expenditures with SDU staff pointing out that this could be from savings from expenditures which negatively affect their health. This resulted in enabling APs to save without burdening total family expenditures. This also established a habit of saving. SDU helped to open savings bank account for these beneficiaries in a nationalized bank. 65. Access to Basic Services at Relocation Site. Basic urban infrastructure and services are provided to APs in their new flats including: (i) in-house electric connection, (ii) access to personal toilets as part of project design, (iii) in-house piped water supply connection, (iv) benefit of service from the conservancy department of KMC/Municipality for solid waste collection, (v) 100% provision for drainage, and (vi) access to primary schools within 6-10 minutes (walking distance). APs will also be able to continue accessing health services they used to be able to access. The residents of all settlements mainly rely on ‘private doctors’ and ‘government hospital/ dispensaries’ for medical services. However, private doctors in most cases may not be registered practitioners. Further, they will continue to have community life with access to activities undertaken by CBOs in all settlements mainly educational and health related, i.e. running of education and health center.

B. Income Improvement Activities

66. APs are not expected to experience loss in employment or livelihood considering the short relocation distance. However, the Project, has prepared a compendium of poverty alleviation schemes of the Government for the urban poor, which has been used as a tool for sensitizing the communities on availability of such schemes. All APs are categorized as urban poor and are eligible to receive benefits from these schemes like Annapurna, Antodyay and SJSRY etc. The Project has introduced skills training programs, self-help groups, and bank linkage activities as additional measures to augment the existing income levels of the affected families. Women are the main beneficiaries of programs currently run at the Nonadanga relocation site. 67. A vocational training unit has been set up at the transit camp where 26 females, in two groups, from affected households learn advanced tailoring. It will provide an added income to

23

families in the near future. Both the groups have been assisted in opening savings accounts with banks, so that on completion of the training they can start a tailoring production unit. Opening accounts with banks was not possible for APs previously due to their status as illegal settlers. 68. The APs from both the VAMBAY flats and transit camps have been brought under insurance schemes for social security. Thirty-four self-help groups have been formed to inculcate a savings habit and to start a small income generation program. Seven groups have already been assisted with opening accounts with banks. The SDU is assisting the groups to obtain assistance from other financial institutions. There has also been progress in matching APs with various State and Central Government schemes from which APs have access to social benefits and income generation. 69. As part of its new income generation opportunities, the Project will create a green belt on canal banks once those are vacated by unauthorized occupants. The green belt will be 10m in width and leave roughly 3m width bank for use. Two families per km will be engaged to protect the forested area, and will be encouraged to grow fruits and vegetables on a small piece of land within the forested area. This is expected to directly generate a sustained source of livelihood for 130 families. In addition, the green belt will prevent encroachment of canal banks. This will be provided to highly vulnerable families.

VII. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

70. For purposes of resettlement, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) is the executing agency (EA). The EA has established a Social Development Unit (SDU) within its Project Management Unit (PMU). It coordinates its activities with all government agencies as well as non-government organizations (NGOs). The responsibility for implementing canal works is with the Irrigation and Waterways Department (IWD), the other EA for the Project. 71. Project Management Units. The KMC has a Project Management Unit (PMU), headed by a Project Director. A separate PMU has been established in the Directorate of Irrigation and Waterways, also headed by a Project Director with the rank of the Chief Engineer. The responsibilities of the PMUs are overall management of the Project, including recruitment of consultants, procurement, land acquisition, resettlement, and stakeholder consultations. Both PMUs are assisted in their work by the associated line departments, SDU and Project Management Consultants. Both KMC and IWD ensure that there is adequate gender balance in the staff of the PMUs. The PMUs will ensure continuity of staff through the full term of the Project. 72. Coordination. The two PMUs work in close coordination. There is a common ADB Project Office, where officials with specific assignment for the Project in both the PMUs are deputed to the Project Office and operate from there. Both PMUs are assisted in their work by the associated line departments, SDU and Project Management Consultants. The Project Office is headed by the Project Director of KEIP, KMC, who is of the rank of Special Secretary. As KMC is the principal executing agency, it will be its responsibility to convene meetings of PMUs, maintain its minutes, and follow upon the decision taken. The Project Office will also provide the coordination point for KMC, KMDA, GoWB, IWD and other Government stakeholders, consultants, contractors and co-financiers.

24

73. Social Development Unit. The SDU is responsible for all tasks connected with resettlement and rehabilitation of the affected people in a participatory manner, livelihood restoration program, internal monitoring, and reporting. This requires them to be in regular consultation with APs in the field. Although a strong field presence is essential, no staff will be recruited for this purpose in either the KMC or the IWD. Instead, the Project will involve consultants and engage NGOs as Implementing Agencies (IAs). Two NGOs have been engaged specifically for field level implementation of resettlement activities. This is a revamp of previous arrangements.6 74. Implementing Agency. The Project envisages an important role for the Implementing Agency (IA) in RP implementation. The Implementing Agencies are NGOs who have been engaged to carry out field level interventions. Jayprakash Institute for Social Change and Bharat Sevashram Sangha are the two NGOs engaged with requisite skills and capacity to assist the resettlement process. Each of these NGOs have a minimum of 5 personnel dedicated full time for the following major tasks:

(i) Serve as a link between the Project and APs (ii) Educate APs about the Project, its likely impacts, and mitigation measures

designed to assist them (iii) Provide assistance to all APs in getting relocation and resettlement entitlements

and cash compensation (iv) Assist APs with income restoration/improvement plans, especially the vulnerable

groups (v) Help APs in obtaining access to social benefit schemes as per eligibility

6 The Project Management Unit of the EA has set up a Social Development Unit in place of the NGO (TERI) hired

earlier. The following points outline the basis for the need for this change in arrangement: • Optimising use of local resources- TERI was not a Kolkata or West Bengal based NGO. It had various specialists based in Delhi, who visited Kolkata for a few days in a month. For field level activities TERI had hired local staff. In the SDU this arrangement was improved by hiring full time local individual consultants and KMC personnel at the Project Level and local NGOs at the field level for implementation of its social sector interventions. • Minimising overhead expenditure -A large amount of TERI’s expenses (64%) was on administrative overheads in the form of air travel and per diem expenses of consultants, and institutional cost. In the current SDU arrangement of keeping KMC staff and hiring local individual consultants instead of an agency, the overhead expenditures are negligible. • Core competence of KMC strengthened- The capacity building component of the project funded by DFID for the KMC is for the orientation and capacity building of KMC personnel on social sector issues. Having KMC personnel in the current SDU arrangement will strengthen core competence of KMC rather than that of an NGO. In addition, a Steering Committee for Community Development (SCCD) has been formed at the Project Level, which oversees all social sector interventions and is chaired by the Member Mayor in Council, KMC and has its other members in Jt. Commissioner, KMC, DG (Bustee), KMC, DG (Civil), KMC, Project Director, KEIP, Team Leaders of PMC<DSC< CMU and the Convenor in Team Leader, SDU • Increasing number of NGOs at implementation level- Increasing field level activities necessitated engaging NGOs at field level. To have TERI, itself an NGO at the project level and engage NGOs at field level would result in big brother attitude and thus a clash of egos. In the current arrangement, NGOs have been engaged at the field level each with a minimum of 5 staff to carry out the various social sector interventions who report to SDU. • Strengthening Social Sector in PMU- Having TERI(NGO), a Social Sector specialist in PMC and another specialist in DSC looking after the social sector issues in PMU resulted in minimum output. With the setting up of SDU in 2005, comprising of 3 KMC personnel, 5 consultants, 4 Field Coordinators, 2 Community mobilisors and 10 NGOs, the social sector of KEIP PMU was strengthened and produced the desired results in RR, Slum Improvement and S&D components of the project.

25

75. Strengthening Institutional Capacity. The Project will devote attention to strengthening the institutional capacity for resettlement management. As a first step, the Project will contact training institutions and/or consultants within India to organize training programs or workshops for all project personnel involved in the planning and implementation of resettlement. The Implementing Agency involved in implementation of the Plan will be required to participate in these training activities. Table 15 provides activities already undertaken.

Table 15: Institutional Strengthening Activities Date Duration Name and

Designation of attended person

Venue

Name of Programme/Course

25.8.2006

One day

Sri Kali Sankar Ghosh - Senior Consultant R&R

Ground Floor Conference Room ADB India Resident Mission 4 San Martin Marg Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021

Orientation Seminar on ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement

21.6.2006 to 23.6.2006

Three days

Sri Kali Sankar Ghosh - Senior Consultant R&R Sri Prabir Kumar Ray - Consultant, R&R

IIC Annexe, New Delhi Organised By: Council For Social Development, 53 Lodi Estate, New Delhi -110003

Third Training Workshop on Capacity Building for Resettlement management (for personnel engaged in involuntary displacement, resettlement and rehabilitation due to development projects)

76. A short duration orientation program will also be organized for non-resettlement specialized project personnel, such as engineering, legal and financial staff to generate in the KMC and the IWD wider awareness of resettlement issues that are integral to the entire development process. 77. Training will be tailored to the specific needs of KMC, IWD and IA personnel. In substance, the training programme will consist of the following main issues in resettlement planning and implementation:

(i) Laws and policies regarding land acquisition (ii) The ADB policy on involuntary resettlement (iii) Impoverishment risks and reconstruction strategies (iv) Information sharing, consultation’ and participation (v) Gender dimensions in resettlement (vi) Compensation to affected persons (vii) Assistance in relocation (viii) Income restoration programs (ix) Institutional arrangements including grievance redress (x) Monitoring and evaluation

78. The Project will also arrange learning visits of selected personnel to other projects with successful resettlement programs.

26

VIII. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING

A. Resettlement Costs

79. The Project has acquired land for both development works and for relocation sites from government departments. The other main costs in implementing the RP are: (i) cost of moving to temporary housing for the transit village, (ii) cost of providing permanent housing (VAMBAY flats), income restoration, and administrative cost. 80. Housing for all affected households is the main resettlement activity under this Project. With support from VAMBAY (Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna), a Government of India welfare scheme for the urban poor, the Project will provide flats with legal title to all households and shops that will be removed from the canal banks. On an average these flats will cost Rs84,000. In Manikhali and Churial the cost per unit will be somewhat higher due to land preparation, building an approach road, and other infrastructure. Under the VAMBAY scheme, the affected people are eligible to receive an amount of Rs30,000 per family as subsidy from the Government. They will contribute 5% of the cost. The rest will be the Project’s contribution. 81. On this RP including temporary shifting, the Project cost will come to Rs310,716,195. Table 16 shows the canal-wise Project contribution for all affected households who will be moved to the VAMBAY flats. Table 17 summarizes total resettlement costs.

Table 16: Project Cost for Flats Canal Households Project Cost T P Basin 2,688 196,601,151 Manikhali, Keorapukur,Churial Ext 571 62,306,378 Churial Main + Bridges 387 42,228,666 Temporary 9,580,000 Total 3,626 Rs310,716,195

Table 17: Resettlement Costs

Item Amount (Rs million) 1 Transit resettlement 4.30 2 Resettlement in VAMBAY flats 306.42 3. Cost of transport allowance for AFs 0.105 4 Costs to address temporary impacts 0.295 5 Cost of livelihood and security measures 0.35 6 Monitoring cost 1.5 7 Contingency (15%) of above 46.95 Sub total 359.92

8. Land acquisition (transfer) cost 119.70 9. Admin costs 48.79 Total 528.41

27

B. Resettlement Budget

82. In 2000, an amount of US$ 4.8 millions was provided for resettlement under the RRP. The Loan Agreement signed in 2002 slightly raised the resettlement budget provision to US$ 5.0 million. 83. The Project current estimate for resettlement is at US$ 6.90 million, but this amount is not to be included in the supplementary loan proposal. It is proposed to keep this within the existing original budget provision.

IX. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

84. Resettlement activities and canal improvement activities are moving in a sequential order. Unless people first vacate the canal banks the canal improvement works cannot be undertaken. As there is good coordination between the two EAs, the canal dwellers are being relocated in phases in conformity with Canal Works packages, leaving the canal banks free for starting canal improvement works unhindered. The implementation schedule is shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 provides a diagrammatic representation of the resettlement actions which have been disclosed to stakeholders.

Figure 1: Implementation Schedule

May-06 Jun-06 Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov-07 A. Pre relocation

1 Consultation with the stakeholders (Panchayat Pradhan, Savapati-PanchayatSamity, Chairman-Municipality, Local Club)

i. Churial (Mathpukur to Pujali) ii. Manikhali iii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iv. TP Basin (Lot-1) v. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3)

2 Final verification of the families to be resettled (to be done by SDU) i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3)

3 Videography of the existing settlements along the canal banks i. Churial (Mathpukur to Pujali) ii. Manikhali iii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iv. TP Basin (Lot-1) v. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) vi. Bridge

4 Preparation of IEC (information, education and communication) materials i Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3)

5 Consultation with APs , rapport building with Affected Persons i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge

6 Formation of Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs), for future maintenance i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3)

7 Disclosure of entitlement matrix to the affected persons i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge

28

May-06 Jun-06 Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov-07 8 Focus group discussion.

i Manikhali ii Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge

9 Establishment of grievance redressal cell i Manikhali ii Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) 10 Arrangment of counselling services for pre-relocation phase i Manikhali ii Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge 11 Exposure visits for the beneficiaries. i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge 12 Community mobilization for community contribution. i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) Iv Bridge 13 Discussion regarding procedure for distribution of flats with the CRGs i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge 14 Develop monitoring indicators i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) 15 Discussions on formation of SHGs/ neighourhood groups i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3)

29

May-06 Jun-06 Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov-07 16 Preparation of Operation & Maintenance plan i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) 17 Capacity building for CRGs for future maintenance. i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) 18 Document best practices i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) B. Relocation 19 Consultation with APs i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge 20 Grievance Redressal of the affected families i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) 21 Flats handed over to the AFs ( wife name,) i. Manikhali - 510 AFs ii. Keorapukur - 43 AFs + Churial Extension - 18 AFs iii TP Basin (Lot-1) - 931 AFs iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge 22 Permanent relocation: i. Manikhali - 510 AFs ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension (43+18) =61 AFs iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) - 931 AFs iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3) v. Bridge sites - 60 AFs 23 Document best practices i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1)

iv. TP Basin (Lot-2 and 3)

30

May-06 Jun-06 Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov-07 C. Post Relocation 24 Individual bank account and family insurance for the flat owner. 25 i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) iv. Bridge 26 Formation of Housing Cooperative Society i. Sampa Mirza Nagar ii. Purba Putiari iii. Purba Barisha iv. Nonadanga 27 Establishment of Information centre i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) 28 Document best practices i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) C. Convergence 29 Compendium of schemes to be distributed to the community.

30Convergence between groups and other financial Schemes (SJSRY, NSDP etc.)financial institutions.

31Provide basic health facilitiesand family welfare programme with the help of healthdepartment KMC.

32 Introduce literacy programme for children 33 Implementation of O&M and livelihood schemes i. Manikhali ii. Keorapukur + Churial Extension iii. TP Basin (Lot-1) 34 Continuous monitoring and evaluation 35 Individual bank account and family insurance for the flat owner. 36 Capacity building for SHGs specially Income generation activities. 37 Explore markets for SHGs/ neighourhood groups product. 38 Address gender issues, including domestic violence 39 Document best practices

31

32

Before Nov ‘07

Before Nov ’06TP Basin

Dec ’06

VAMBAY – V (KEIP) 510 AFs (164 shops+

346 residence) At Sampa Mirja Nagar

from Manikhali

Figure 2: Resettlement Implementation KOLKATA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

Resettlement Plan (May 2006)

VAMBAY – III (KEIP)Package - 1

355 AFs At Nonadanga

VAMBAY – III (KEIP)Package - 2 1062 AFs

At Nonadanga

Total 3626 AFs

TP Basin 2668 AFs

Non TP Basin

958 AFs (Manikhali -

510, Keorapukur- 43, Churial

Ext. 18, Churial -

327, Bridge 60)

VAMBAY – IV (KEIP)Package - 3

510 AFs At Kasba

VAMBAY – II (KMDA) 512 AFs

at Nonadanga

VAMBAY – V (KEIP)

121 AFs At Purba Putiari from

Keorapukur, Churial Extn and Bridge

VAMBAY – V (KEIP)

327 AFs At Purba Barisha from

Churial

VAMBAY – I (KMDA)

Package - 1 229 (165+64) AFs

at Nonadanga

Transit settlement at

Nonadanga for 460 AFs

Before Nov ‘06 Non TP Basin

33

X. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

85. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is of critical importance to the management of resettlement operations. Monitoring provides periodic checks to ascertain whether resettlement activities are moving according to the plan. The project management will need this feedback to be able to ensure that the planned activities stay on track. Monitoring provides both a working system for project managers and a channel for APs resettled to make known their needs and their reactions to the way the resettlement is being carried out. Evaluation, on the other hand, is an exercise usually undertaken towards the end of the project to assess whether the plan achieved its intended goals. 86. Monitoring will be done both internally and externally. In addition to quantitative monitoring, qualitative monitoring will be conducted, using a variety of tool and methods such as the following: Key informant interviews, Focus group discussions, Community public meetings, Structured direct observations, and Case studies. 87. Internal Monitoring. The Social Development Unit (SDU) within the Project will be responsible for conducting internal monitoring regularly. The SDU’s Resettlement and Rehabilitation Unit (RRU) consists of four members, as follows: Senior Consultant (1), Consultant (1), and the Project’s Social Sector Staff (4). The NGO Coordinator and the SCP Consultants of the SDU will also assist, when required. Two NGOs are available to provide assistance in carrying out field level resettlement activities. This Team will prepare a monthly plan to check progress of RP implementation. 88. The internal monitoring is centered on all affected families, as this will give a true picture of Resettlement Plan activities impact on them. 89. At the field level, the monitoring mechanism is centred around Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs). These are in regular contact with canal bank dwellers also to redress any grievances they may have about resettlement assistance and related issues. 90. In addition to review of internal monitoring at the SDU level, the internal monitoring report will be reviewed by the Project Director every month. The Project Review Committee (PRC) headed by the Mayor of Kolkata will also review the monitoring reports and suggest the follow up action, as required. 91. The following are among the main concerns of internal monitoring:

(i) Compensation and assistance (ii) Resettlement entitlement, transit camp, land development (iii) Income restoration (iv) Special intervention for vulnerable groups (v) Women empowerment through sensitization, participation and training (vi) Information sharing and consultation (vii) Grievance redress (viii) Implementation strategy and schedule sharing (ix) Coverage of APs under various government schemes for poverty alleviation and

income generation (x) Formation of women’s self-help groups and their vocational training.

34

92. External Monitoring. The Project will appoint an external agency to provide an objective and independent perspective on all matters pertaining to the RP implementation.

The key activities to be focused during external monitoring: • Verify and review internal monitoring reports prepared by the project. • Comparative study between pre and post relocation. • Impact assessment through one to one interview, focus group discussions,

stakeholder consultation and community leaders. • Impact indicators selection and identification. • Assess the efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of the resettlement

procedures. • To help in future resettlement policy formulation and planning.

Methods to be used are: • Key informant interviews: select local leaders, persons with special knowledge or

experience about resettlement activities and implementation. • Focus group discussion: specific topics on compensation, services at resettlement

areas, income restoration, gender to be discussed in group sessions. • Community public meetings: at the resettlement areas to elicit information on various

resettlement activities. • Structured direct observations: field observations on status of resettlement

implementation, individual and group interviews. • Case studies: on APs or communities from various social classes to assess impact

of resettlement. 93. Reporting Requirements. The internal monitoring reports will be prepared every month. The external monitoring agency will submit quarterly reports in the first three years and two reports for the remaining project duration. External monitoring will verify the results of internal monitoring, and evaluate whether the objectives of the plan are being met. The external monitor will submit reports to ADB and the PMU.

Appendix 1 35

ORIGINAL SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN

1. This summary draws on the resettlement plan (RP) prepared for the Project. Two project components will require land acquisition: (i) sewerage and drainage improvements (part B), and (ii) solid waste management (part C). Canal improvements (part E) will require the relocation of informal dwellers from government-owned lands (canals); for the purpose of this appendix, this will be classified as “land acquisition.” A. Implementation Arrangements 2. Resettlement will be the responsibility of the Irrigation and Waterways Department (IWD) of the government of West Bengal and the Calcutta Municipal Corporation (CMC). Each organization will have a project management unit, which will contain personnel with community development skills for managing the resettlement operations. Nongovernment organizations (NGOs), engaged under the loan, will facilitate implementation of the resettlement plan, and will serve as the link to the affected people. The NGOs will involve the affected people in all decision-making regarding relocation and resettlement criteria, facilitate formation of livelihood groups, encourage the formation of community-based organizations, and ensure that affected people are assisted according to agreed entitlements. No Calcutta NGOs have resettlement experience; however, some Calcutta NGOs have demonstrated experience and skill in implementing community development programs and would be suitable for this activity. At the community level, community resettlement groups will be established. These will be broad-based groups to provide representation for all affected people. At least 50 percent of committee members will be women. B. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement

1. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements (Part B) 3. The land required for development works under this component is not large, i.e., 15 hectares (ha) for the sewage treatment plant, and 0.25-4.0 ha for each of the nine pumping stations. Two possible locations for the sewage treatment plant have been identified, one of which is in the jurisdiction of the Rajpur Sonarpur Municipality (RSM). Although the municipality and CMC own these marshy lands, the lands’ encroachers are living on them. About 50 encroachers are on the CMC and about 25 are on the RSM land. When these lands are taken over by CMC, these encroachers will lose their livelihoods. Except for the Beerpara sewerage pumping station, tracts of marshy lands belonging to CMC are being considered for the remaining eight pumping stations. For the Beerpara pumping station, the possible sites identified include two public parks and one pond near a railway bridge.

2. Solid Waste Management (Part C)

4. About 2 ha of land will be required for the construction of garage facilities in Javadpur. Privately owned land suitable for the purpose has been identified. While 80 ha of land required for the compost plant is already available at Dhapa, the development program will eventually close off the existing landfill to trash sorters. Approximately 625 trash sorters will lose their livelihoods. While 2.28 ha of land required for the compost plant is already available at Noapara, the Project will also eventually close the site to trash sorters, about 30 sorters will lose their livelihoods.

Appendix 1 36

3. Canal Improvements (Part E) 5. About 58 settlements are located along 34 km of canals that will be improved under the Project. The Project will potentially displace about 3,600 households (11,000 people) along the canal banks. Efforts have been made to minimize displacement by reducing the width of the canals, reclaiming of land from canal banks, and maneuvering rights-of-way to allow the households to remain in place. Where relocation is unavoidable, people will be moved to sites as close to their existing homes as possible, at a maximum distance of 800 meters and up to 2 kilometers in some unavoidable cases. By avoiding relocation to distant sites, affected people will be able to continue with their present employment. C. Policy Framework and Entitlements 6. The Asian Development Bank policy on Involuntary Resettlement and the 1894 Land Acquisition Act provide the framework for resettlement. Within this framework, the resettlement plan provides a comprehensive package of compensation and assistance to all affected people. The plan provides mitigation for (i) loss of assets, including land, house, or workplace; (ii) loss of livelihood or income opportunities; and (iii) collective impacts on groups, such as the loss of community assets and other common property resources. 7. Affected people will be given the option to relocate themselves to a place of their preference or to move to a relocation site. Those who relocate themselves will be paid an amount equivalent to the replacement value of their existing structure. Affected people moving to relocation sites will be allocated a plot area of 17 square meters for households with 5 members, and 20 square meters for households with more than 5 members or more than 3 adult members. People who have no legal title to their land constitute the majority of affected persons under the Project. The housing package for canal dwellers and others with no legal title will include (i) a plot area for a house, (ii) replacement value of the existing structure, less salvage value; (iii) assistance for upgrading from a thatched-roof structure to a structure comprising bamboo and roofing material; and (iv) a resettlement allowance for a reasonable period as will be decided by the implementation committee. The implementation committee will comprise project management unit staff and canal-level community resettlement groups. CMC will assist specially vulnerable households to build their houses in the relocation sites. 8. Canal improvement works will commence only after relocation is complete. Affected people will transfer to the relocation houses only after their new houses are built. Affected people will build their own houses in the new sites. Once the movement to the new site is completed, the affected people, with assistance from IWD/CMC, will demolish the old houses. The affected people will be encouraged to salvage materials at the time of demolition. D. Consultations and Disclosure of Information 9. Consultations and numerous discussions have been held with key people and stakeholders. To make the public consultations effective, participatory rapid appraisal exercises in the form of group meetings and discussions were conducted with groups of stakeholders. Key people were identified in each locality. Most key people are actually the local ward committee, municipal, and village councilors or members; political and religious leaders; youth representatives; schoolteachers; or other eminent people within the locales. The key people were instrumental in discussions with affected people on the design of resettlement packages, options for housing, location of new sites, etc. Separate meetings were held with women to identify their specific needs and concerns. The more vulnerable among the women were

Appendix 1 37

identified for added assistance. The women were also consulted on site selection, housing pattern, civic amenities, and livelihood concerns. The Project takes adequate measures for disclosure of the resettlement plan. E. Grievance Redress and Transparency 10. The Project will establish a grievance redress mechanism to deal with complaints from affected people. There will be one information booth for each canal-level community resettlement group. Each group will have a member secretary who will be responsible for disseminating information and receiving the summary requirements of the settlement-level community resettlement group and stakeholder complaints. The NGOs will ensure that grievances are acted upon in an effective manner. The Project’s participatory approach to implementation will ensure transparency and accountability. NGOs are expected to play a significant role in this approach. To avoid any accusation of impropriety and corruption, all payments relating to compensation and resettlement assistance will be made publicly. F. Vulnerable Groups 11. People who will be affected by the Project are mostly living below the poverty line. There are 2,157 households who are considered poor, and 317 are households headed by women, and 264 by elderly people. Many children between the ages of 7 and 14 years work in the settlements. Boys work mostly in teashops and small roadside shops or industries. Girls mostly work as domestic helpers. During the monsoon months, children work in prawn processing centers. When there is a short supply of prawns, children then move on to work as trash sorters in landfill sites. In the Dhapa landfill site, sorters (adults and children) will lose their livelihood with the mechanization of solid waste management by the year 2010. The resettlement plan incorporates an action plan for retraining sorters at the Dhapa landfill site. In the interim period, sorters will be provided with gloves, boots, aprons, and masks, and will be given periodic health check-ups. With the closure of the landfill site, they will be assisted to establish alternative livelihoods. An action plan for the rehabilitation of child workers from canal settlements and landfill sites is part of the resettlement plan. Children will be withdrawn from employment and assisted in getting accommodation in schools, and for those who are 7 years old and above, they will be trained for one year to prepare them for admission to existing formal schools. G. Monitoring and Evaluation 12. The social development unit within CMC will be responsible for internal monitoring. The focus of internal monitoring will be on (i) compensation and assistance package, (ii) resettlement, (iii) recovery, (iv) vulnerable groups, (v) women, (vi) information sharing and consultation, (vii) grievance redress, and (viii) budget and implementation scheduling. The social development unit will contract out external monitoring to a qualified social science research institute, an NGO, or a consulting firm. The external monitoring agency will submit quarterly reports in the first three years of the Project, and then two reports a year for the remaining project duration. External monitoring will verify the results of internal monitoring, and evaluate whether the objectives of the resettlement plan are being met.

Appendix 2 38

SUMMARY OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS

1. Despite significant start-up delays encountered under the Project, the Executing Agencies (EAs) are strongly committed and implementation is progressing steadily as seen in the expeditious tendering and implementation of contracts over the last 2 years. This is a result of a major initiative undertaken by GoWB in 2004–05 to reorganize and strengthen the project management units (PMUs) in order to speed up project implementation. As of May 2006, contracts worth $96.04 million have been awarded under the Project, representing about 34.3% of the Project scope. Though only $27 million has been disbursed so far, PMU is projecting an expenditure of $88 million by the end of FY2006/07 based on work progress and contractors’ projections. Civil works contracts worth $91.8 million have already been tendered representing an additional 29% of the Project scope, and the remaining contracts are in their final stages of detailed design and tender document preparation stage ($78.3 million, representing additional 25.9% of the Project scope). The Project has been rated partially satisfactory in ADB’s Project Performance Report as of 31 May, 2006. 2. Part A: Stakeholder Consultation Process (SCP) is being implemented smoothly. Implementation structure of this component was slightly rearranged in 2005 to improve efficiency of implementation. While field-level implementation of works continues to be carried out by nongovernment organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs) and field-level coordinators, a Social Development Unit (SDU) has been created, consisting of KMC officials and consultants and shared by both the PMUs, to manage and coordinate overall implementation of Part A: SCP; Part D: slum improvement; benefit monitoring and evaluation (BME); and social interventions across all components under the Project. Examples of good practice includes the promotion of house-connections through door-to-door campaign, frequent public meetings, information leaflets to citizens, ward-level co-ordination committees, setting up information centers in project areas and public complaints registers at the contactors site offices. These measures are helping to generate wide public support for the Project. 3. Part B: S&D Improvements suffered serious start-up delays. In effect, contract awards and physical works have only commenced over the last 18 months. However, detailed design and tender document preparation of all contracts have now been completed. Works under six contracts are in progress, and major civil works contracts in two boroughs have been tendered. It is anticipated that all contracts under the S&D works will be awarded by March 2007 and all works will be completed by mid 2010. Measures are being explored by PMU KMC to expedite S&D works to make up for lost time. As part of such efforts, a workshop was organized in early May 2006 with the contractors to seek feedback and identify potential constraints and opportunities to speed up S&D works. Recommendations from the workshop, such as introducing a bonus clause in the remaining contracts, are being incorporated in the Project implementation and contract documentation. 4. Under Part C: Solid Waste Management, equipment purchase for collection efficiency improvement is almost complete. Detailed design of the sanitary landfill is in its final stages. A noteworthy development is that the Project has engaged consultants to package transfer and disposal responsibilities for the city’s solid waste management under a public private partnership (PPP) modality. The consultants will conduct necessary viability assessments and options analysis, and prepare contract documents under an appropriate PPP modality for construction, operation and financing of solid waste management and disposal system for Kolkata city, including the construction and operation of the sanitary landfill. In the long run,

Appendix 2 39

KMC is also considering involving the private sector in primary collection of solid waste, which will result in reduction and rightsizing of its massive workforce presently engaged in the sector. 5. Part D: Slum Improvements is progressing well. Works have started in all slum areas identified under the Project. Field level committees have been formed in all slums which meet at least once every month. 450 user groups have already been formed for operation and maintenance (O&M) of assets in 14 slums, similarly, 15 self-help groups have been formed and bank linkages have been created. Noteworthy good practices include integration of slum improvement activities under the Project with KMC’s poverty alleviation programs resulting in long-term social security benefits to the slum dwellers, such as insurance schemes. Most of the civil works under the slum improvement component have already been implemented or are under implementation. 6. Part E: Canal Improvements is divided into three types of packages: canal rehabilitation; bridge construction; and construction of canal pumping stations. While contracts for bridge construction have been awarded, implementation on canal rehabilitation and pumping station work has been slow with only one contract in implementation phase. Most of the remaining packages are in tendering stage, while detailed design of works in the Churial canal is being carried out. Similar to the S&D works, this component of the Project has gained a renewed momentum only over the last 18 months, and since then is moving ahead speedily. This part also involves resettlement of 3,626 families, which is being undertaken as agreed in the original and the revised Resettlement Plan. 7. Consulting services, from Project Management Consultants (PMC) and Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC), are ongoing under Part F: Implementation Assistance. In parallel, the Capacity Building Program (CBP) funded by DFID is being implemented by a separate department of the KMC. It was noted that coordination between the PMUs and the CBP team of KMC needs immediate strengthening. Furthermore, baseline data collection for benefit monitoring and evaluation of CBP has not been completed. KMC has ensured that this will be started by September 2006.

resettlement planning document...policy a rs300 is based on transport requirements of the first 165...

Documents