Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) TechnologyProduct Development Department

Date：2007/08/15Security Level: Internal Use

Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.1

n Customer Requirements

n Metro Ring Network Technologies

n RPR Technology

n H3C RPR Technology and Solution

Contents

n Customer RequirementsÜ Increase in Bandwidth Demand

Ü User Services Demand For The Network

n Metro Ring Network Technology

n RPR Technology

n RPR Technology and Solution

Contents

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Increase In Bandwidth Demand

n More and more new network applications and service are evolving,which drive the move from circuit to packet-based transport in metro and wide area networks and defining capacity and functionality requirements for the underlying transport infrastructure. It is critical for service providers to determine ways of evolving their network for the services in demand model.

n Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) promises to solve the end-user demand for new services, QoS, efficient bandwidth utilization, carrier class reliability etc.

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User Services Demand For The Network

Carrier-class high reliability requirementsThe backbone ring network as the core of the entire network must be able to provide high reliability; To ensure the smooth flow of services, such as video, topology failure and convergence speed must be within millisecond

Comprehensive QoS requirementsData flow like streaming video etc has very sensitive requirement for the QoS, especially for packet delay and jitter requirements are high , otherwise it will caused the halt screen, mosaics and other phenomena.

Manageability and maintenance requirementsSuch network is different from telecoms operators, if equipment management and maintenance are simple, it can determine the smooth operation and can reduce the intangible future costs.

Bandwidth RequirementSatisfy any unexpected characteristics of user's services, satisfy the bandwidth requirement for any future new service deployment, insure that the network basic infrastructure remain update from 3 to 5 years.

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Security RequirementsBased on users service requirement, implement the isolation and interlink, achieve whole network security control.

Multimedia multicast RequirementThe future multimedia services such as video require that the backbone network should support controllable multicast.Advanced Technology RequirementTo ensure that the technology is advanced, and even benefit from the future development of standardization.

Convenient and Flexible Expansion RequirementThe backbone network must be flexible to facilitate the expansion, it must be quite easy to expand the access network, it must be easy to adjust the access network reflecting with the changes in the services

User Services Demand For The Network(Continued)

n Customer Requirements

n Metro Ring Network TechnologyÜ L2 Ring Technologies Introduction

Ü Comparison Between Ring Networks

Ü L2 Metro Ring Technologies

Ü Heterogeneous Networks Comparison

Ü MAN Technologies Analysis

n RPR Technology

n RPR Technology and Solution

Contents

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L2 Ring Technologies Introduction

Data packet sources node address is used to strip off the packet from the ringDual ring structure

Fault does not have the self-healing protection

Using fiber as the transmission medium

1989 100M ANSI X3T9.5/12

FDDI

Fault does not have the self-healing protection

Unidirectional Ring Network

Data packet sources node address is used to strip off the packet from the ringEfficient fiber use1998 100M IEEE 802.5t

A kind of low speed networkSuitable for long distance rings1985 10M IEEE 802.5

Token Ring

Mature Technology 2002 10G IEEE 802.3ae

Management and QoS Speed up to GE/10GE 1998 1G EEE 802.3z/ab

Redundancy and Protection Suitable for IP 1995 100M IEEE 802.3u

Network Structure Physical Point-to-point direct Connect1983 10M IEEE 802.3

Ethernet

DisadvantagesAdvantagesStandardsTechnologies

Note: RPR defined by IEEE 802.17 (Draft 3.0 2004) is the latest competitive L2 Metro ring technology that promises more features than the above technologies.

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Comparisons Between Ring Network

155M~10G100M/200M 4/16/100M 1G Speed

MAN/WANMANLANApplication

ADMPacket switching Packet switching Data Processing

YesNoNoTopology Discovery

YesYesYesMulticast support

GoodComplexPoorManageability

GoodPoorPoorBandwidth fairness

YesNoNoQOS support

Fair Algorithm Token control Token control Bandwidth utilization

Unicast destination SourceSourceData stripping method

YesYesNoProtection mechanisms

Fiber/ElectricFiberElectricConnecting Media

Dual RingDual RingSingle RingNetwork Form

RPRFDDIToken RingCharacteristics

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L2 Metro Ring Network Technologies

Three Main Metro Network Technologies at present are:

1. SDH Metro Ring Network TechnologyUse optical transmission networks carrying IP/Ethernet, to provide service to the upper layer.

2. Ethernet Metro Ring Network TechnologyEthernet metro ring network based on Routers or L3 Ethernet switches. Nodes use the Ethernet ports to form interlinks and routing technology is used to protect the ring.

3. RPR Metro Ring Network TechnologyRPR (Resilient Packet Ring) metro Ethernet use special RPR devices to form a ring. Nodes use the bare fiber for interconnection and based on RPR hardware, 50ms fault protection, QoS and Fair Algorithm is implemented. H3C S9500 switches can use L3 IP Precedence to classify the packets and map with RPR classes of service.

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1. SDH/SONET Rings

Ø Traditional SDH network originally was purely for the TDM services, and its interface are E1/E3/STM1 etc, provide point-to-point links for access networks, switches and other equipment. Ø Using IP over SDH technology, it can provide data services and fulfill the enterprise requirement of interlinks, applications etc., between distributed branch offices

Advantages:1. Can provide 10G ring2. Carrier-grade reliability standards 3. Capable of convenient access network expansion, need to consider expanding port capacityDisadvantages:1. Not a QoS guarantee technology, rely on the aggregation routing equipments to deploy QoS.2. Fixed bandwidth allocation and reservation between point-to-point links; when dealing with pure IP

based services, it lack of dynamic and fair bandwidth allocation mechanism. 3. Not support multicast, broadcast and multicasts are send as multiple unicasts, waste of bandwidth. 4. Usually for protection mechanisms, 50% of the bandwidth will be retained and will not provide a

flexible selection mechanism. 5. Not suitable for IP transmission, rely on the access and aggregation equipment for deployment. 6.10G POS ports are expensive. 7. Require a separate transmission management platform, need specialized talented maintenance

staff resulting higher maintenance costs.

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Ethernet Ring is not really a ring technology, N point-to-point links pass through N nodes to form a ring.

2. Ethernet Metro Ring Technology

Two Common types of Ethernet Ring NetworkL2 Spanning Tree: Ring nodes connect end-to-end via Ethernet ports, No L3 routing protocols, via STP/RSTP technology nodes prevent switching loops, when links fail, spanning tree recalculates and reestablish the communication in a short period of time。L3 Routing Protocols: Ring nodes connect end-to-end via Ethernet ports, node equipments use L3 routing protocol, prevent loops via L3 routing protocols, when link fails, use routing protocol convergence to implement link protection.

Disadvantages:1. Possible problems in N connected directions and N connected nodes, less reliability 2. It is just an application of group network, no bandwidth management technique, no QoS3. More suitable for mesh network, waste fiber resources4. Both of the above networks methods can not satisfy the metro ring network 50ms fault

protection requirements5. High maintenance cost

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RPR Ring network technology is the integration of SDH and Ethernet advantages.

FIBRE

SDH

ATM

IPTDM

FIBRE

SDH

PPP/ HDLC

IPTDM FIBRE

RPR

IP TDMFIBRE

Ethernet

IP

3. RPR Metro Ring Network Technology

1. Highly flexible dual ring network2. Highly efficient bandwidth utilization 3. More physical layer support 4. Fair bandwidth allocation management 5. Perfect QOS guarantee

6. Effective multicast support 7. Rapid Switching Protection 8. Automatic topology discovery 9. Perfect OAM management

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Heterogeneous Networks Comparison

155M~10G155M~10G155M~10G10/100M 1/10GSpeed

Statistical multiplexing

Statistical multiplexing

TDMStatistical multiplexing

Reusability

EconomicalExpensiveVery ExpensiveEconomicalNetwork cost

SimpleComplexComplexSimpleService Expansion

SupportNot supportNot supportNot supportTopology discovery

GoodLowComplexLowManageability

GoodGoodGoodLowQoS Support

GoodNoLowNoBandwidth fairness

HighLowLowbetterBandwidth efficiency

SupportSupportNot supportSupportMulticast support

GoodGoodGoodLowDelay and jitter control

GoodGoodNo so GoodGoodIP Service Support

YesNoYesNo50ms Rapid protection

Dual RingPoint-to-pointDual RingSingle Cable/Node-to-Node

Network Form

RPRPOSSONET/SDHEthernetCharacteristics

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MAN Technologies Analysis

Comparatively LowLowHighInvestment

AgileNormalComplexFlexible expansion

Advanced NormalNormalTechnology

HighNormalNoMultimedia Multicast

HighNormalNormalSecurity

5G, 20G1G, 10GUp to 10G, only 50% bandwidth utilization and the rest for redundancy

Bandwidth

Simple， Level 1 Network management

Simple， Level 1 Network management

Complex, need transmission and data, two layer network management and professional staff

Management & Maintenance

High, Completely satisfy all the service requirements

Low, Can not provide voice and video QoS

No QoS, QoS implemented via network equipments

QOS

50 ms6 Sec －2 Min50 msReliability

RPRL3 Routing ProtocolsSDH, MSTPCharacteristics

n Customer Requirements

n Metro Ring Network Technology

n RPR TechnologyÜ RPR Development History

Ü RPR Technology, Features, Standards, Frame

Ü RPR Data Flow, Unicasts, Multicast, Bandwidth Utilization

Ü Topology Discovery, Loop Selection, Protection & Fair Algorithm

Ü RPR Service Classes, QoS, Queues

Ü RPR Disadvantages

n RPR Technology and Solution

Contents

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RPR technology before became official standard, Cisco, Luminous, Nortel has announced their own RPR technology, which respectively called DPT, RPT, IPT, and the features and uses was different from each others.

DPTCisco

RPTLuminous

IPTNortel

Gandalf

Alladin

Darwin

Finally, through Darwin protocol, two biggest carrier class agreed to be united, made the RPR protocols draft version, in 2004 RPR official standard IEEE 802.17 issued. H3C is the early member of RPR Union, has been involved in RPR standard-setting work

IEEE 802.17 website: www.ieee802.org/17RPR Alliance website: www.RPRAlliance.org

RPR Development History

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IEEE 802.17The RPR (IEEE 802.17 Standards) working group is responsible forstandardization of MAC control, physical layer adaptation and the management protocols.

IETF Responsible for IP/MPLS over RPR.

ITU & ANSIResponsible for SDH/SONET and GFP physical layer standard.

Layer 1: Physical

Layer 2: Data Link

Layer 3: Network

Layer 4: TransportMANAGEMENT

IETFIETF

IEEEIEEE

ITUITU

RPR Standards Organizations

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RPR is a new kind of OSI Layer two technology standardized by IEEE 802.17 working group. it is essentially, a MAC layer technology based on the use of two counter-rotating rings. Packets in one ring rotates clockwise and counter-clock-wise in the other ring. These counter-rotating rings are called ringletsEach ringlet can carry traffic up to its maximum capacity, so the combined traffic capacity of the two ringlets is actually twice that of a similar ring that applies SONET/SDH Technology

RPR Technologystation

ringlet0

link

(ringlet1)

span

domain

The packet handling functionality within a RPR is built on a Layer 2 MAC protocol. With the RPR MAC, the two ringlets also carry control messages, such as topology updates, protection, and bandwidth control. These messages allow an RPR nodeto differentiate between high-priority and low-priority traffic packets and dynamically negotiate bandwidth between that traffic with other nodes in the ring.A transit buffer in the ring allows RPR nodes to transmit high-priority packets while temporarily holding lower priority packets in the buffer, or use bandwidth-controlmessages to ensure that bandwidth reserved for high priority services stays available

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station

ringlet0

link

(ringlet1)

span

domain

Features:§ Dual reverse rings § Both rings transmit data packets and control packets § Less transmission delay: While transmitting from any

node, data does not need to pass through L3, § Fair distribution : distributed control algorithm

achieve dynamic fair bandwidth distribution for each node

Advantages:§ The rapid hardware protection, <50ms Carrier Class

protection § Physical layer protection protocol, the protocol does

not affect the upper layer § Plug-and-play, flexible expandability§ QoS protection§ Support unicast, multicast and broadcast: on the

RPR loop, based on RPR nodes MAC address complete unicast, multicast, and broadcast data transmission service.

§ Easy and convenient maintenance

RPR Features and Advantages

MSTP, MPLS, DWDM etc technology can be combined together to provide broadband multi-service platform

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RPR Service and Reference Model Relationship With OSI Model

Higher layer clients can include the logical link control (LLC) sub-layer, bridge relay entity, or other users of ISO/IEC LAN international standard MAC services.

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Relationship to Other Standards

GMII = Gigabit media independent interfacePRS-1 = 1 Gb/s PacketPHY reconciliation sublayerGRS = GFP reconciliation sublayerMAC = Medium access controlMDI = Medium dependent interfaceSRS = SONET/SDH reconciliation sublayer

GFP = Generic framing procedureSPI = System packet interfaceXAUI= 10 Gb/s attachment unit interfaceXGMII = 10 Gb/s media independent interfacePHY = Physical layer entityPRS-10 = 10 Gb/s PacketPHY reconciliation sublayer

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FCS(4 byte)

Data (N byte)

Protocol type(2 byte)

HEX(2 byte)

Expansion loop control (1 byte)

TTL base (1 byte)

Source MAC Address(6 byte)

Destination MAC Address(6 byte)

Basic loop control (1 byte)

TTL(1 byte)PWESCFTFERI

RESSOPSFIEF

Ringlet Identifier Frame type Wrap Eligible

Fairness Eligibility Service Class Parity

Extended Frame Passed Source Reserved

Flooding Indication Strict Order

RPR Frame FormatThe frame structure for data communication systems using the RPR MAC. It defines the syntax and semantics of the various components of the MAC frame. The following four frame formats are specified in this IEEE802.17 clause

a) data frame b) control frame c) fairness frame d) idle frameFairness frame and idle frame are not mentioned here

Data Frame

Control Frame

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Data Flow within MAC

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MAC

MAC service interface

Physical service interface

Outer loop data access 1. Frame processing 2. Solid structure3. Queue

Inner loop data access 1. Frame processing 2. Solid structure3. Queue

Receive Received Send Send

MAC control request

MAC control Instruction

MAC date request

MAC date instruction

East Physical interfaceWest physical layer interface

Control interface processor, fair control, protection, topology database, path calculation, OAM frame TX

Data interface processing, packaging / unsealed, rings choice, frame collection, frame TX

MAC control MAC Control Sub-Layer

MAC Data Path Sub-Layer

First loop operation

RPR MAC Control Structure

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MAC Service Interface

End User 1

MAC Date request

MAC Control

MAC

Inner loop data path

Outer loop data path

PHYWest interface

East Interface

S1

MAC Control

Inner loop data path

Outer loop data path

West Interface

East Interface

S2

MAC Control

Inner loop data path

Outer loop data path

West Interface

East Interface

S3

End User 2MAC Date Instruction

RPR End-to-End Data Transfer

MAC MAC

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RPR non-overlapping reuse Exclusive biggest bandwidth

l Destination Node Stripping: Unicast packet are stripped off on destination node.

l Spatial multiplexing mechanisms : two kind of reuse non-overlapping and overlapping.

l Automatic bandwidth allocation: RPR Fair Algorithm

l Non-redundant bandwidth : outer and inner ring is backup for each other, fault healing without

reserving the 50% redundant bandwidth as in SDH.

l Broadcast and multicast support: there is only one copy on the packet on the ring, intermediate nodes transfer packets to the next node at the same time, saving abundant bandwidth resources.

A

B C

D

E

Overlapping reuse The largest share bandwidth

A

B C

D

E

Sharing

RPR Bandwidth Utilization

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Copy & Strip

Insert

Transit

A

B

C

DE

Source MAC Destination MAC

MAC-A MAC-C

Node MAC：MAC-A

Node MAC：MAC-B

Node MAC：MAC-C

Node MAC：MAC-DNode MAC：MAC-E

Unicast packet are stripped at the destination unnecessary waste of bandwidth, not like the FDDI, where source nodes strip the packets

RPR Unicast Packets Processing

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The packet is send to the neighbor where it is copied and transit to the next node until the source node strip off the packet from the ring, thus avoiding broadcast storm.

Copy &TransitInsert

Copy & Transit

Copy & Transit

Copy & Transit

Strip

RPR Broadcast Packets Processing

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10G RPR

The multicast packet is send to the neighbor where it is copied and transit or only transit to the next node until the source node strip off the packet from the ring, thus avoiding multicast storm

Copy & Transit

Copy & Transit

Insert

Strip

Transit

Transit

RPR Multicast Packets Processing

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RPR supports automatic topology discovery mechanism, plug-and-play. When a new node add to ring, other node automatically broadcast their topology information. The corresponding node identify the new added node from the received topology information, updates it's own topology database, and also broadcast it's new topology information. Others nodes of the ring do the same, in this way the newly added node very quickly construct it's own topology database. When removing a node from the ring, the process basically the same as adding the node.

RPR Automatic Topology Discovery

A

B C

D

E

A

B C

D

E

Add Node

A

B C

D

E

A

B C

D

E

Removing Node

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Topology Table for A

MAC-EMAC-CDWP=123MAC-DMAC-AMAC-DEWP=114MAC-E

MAC-DMAC-BCWP=132MAC-CMAC-CMAC-ABWP=141MAC-BMAC-BMAC-EAWP=100MAC-A

East MAC

West MACStationPriorityInner hop

External-hop

Local MAC

10G RPRA

B

C

DE

n All the nodes on the loop broadcast local topology information, other nodes after receiving the topology broadcast information, updates local topology database, ultimately all the nodes of the loop make the same topology database.

n RPR has its own set of ring selection mechanism, mainly according to the destination node's accessibility, shortest path, static allocation to select the ring.

n By default to reach the destination node, select the shortest path, when two path's hop count are same, use the default ring, default sub-ring is 0.

n Static ring selection can be manually configure, static ring selection has higher priority then dynamic ring selection.

RPR Loop Selection Mechanism

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RPR Support two kinds of protection method, Steering and WrappingnSteering：In steer mode, when a node incurs a fault, it sends out fault information rapidly in topology protection frames, and simultaneously changes to receive/transmit services on the other ringlet. After receiving topology protection frames from the faulty node, other nodes trigger relative protection processing, recalculate reachability to the destination node, and update the ring selection table to select the other reachable ringlet.nWrapping：In wrap mode, the nodes at both sides of the faulty segment adopt this way. Without the need of updating the ring selection table, other nodes still transmit data along the original route. When data packets reach the faulty node, they are looped back to the other ringlet, transmitting inversely to the node at the other side of the faulty segment. And then, the data packets return to the original ringlet and reach the destination node. Steering will cause some frame loss and Wrapping needs shorter time, but waste bandwidth utilization, H3C S9500 RPR adopts the wrap-then-steer mode

Rapid Ring Protection Mechanism

Wrapping

Steering

10G RPR

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RPR supports fair algorithm and the weighted fair algorithm by nodes weights for each node on the ring to provide a fair service bandwidth allocation. Bandwidth management can guarantee that high priority date is transmitted in non-blocking. Fair algorithm is global term and is based on the entire ring network level

RPR Fair Algorithm

A

B

C

DE

3G

3G

3G

3G

Congestion

2.5G

2.5G

2.5G

2.5G

10G RPR

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RPR Service Classes Data is classified into three service classes, ClassA traffic is allocated with a committed information rate (CIR) and provides the lowest MAC end-to-end delay and jitter17 bounds.ClassB traffic is allocated with a CIR and provides bounded MAC end-to-end delay and jitter for the amount of traffic within the profile of the CIR. Any classB traffic amount beyond the allocated CIR is referred to as excess information rate (EIR) classB traffic. ClassC traffic is not allocated. ClassB-EIR and classC traffic is marked as fairness eligible and provides no MAC end-to-end delay or jitter bounds.

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RPR is the most advanced MAN technology, in terms of QoS, it has unique advantages：

n 10 Gigabit-throughput, completely protect the normal bandwidth and can easily deal with unexpected bandwidth bursts

n RPR chip use hardware implementation to priorities the service classes (A0, A1, B0, B1, C), QoS handling do not occupy the RPR equipment CPU resources, turn on QoS will not affect the normal high-speed data forwarding performance;

n 50ms switching protection mechanism ensure rapid auto link fault healing, video, voice, services interruption and resumption within 50ms, human senses can not feel

n The hardware bandwidth reservation mechanisms ensure the smooth and uninterrupted operation of enterprise key services.

n Have advanced flow control, inverse control mechanism, and virtual output queuing mechanism;

RPR QoS Explanation

A

B

C

2500Mbps, guaranteed most of the time and maximum available bandwidth is 4500Mbps

500 Mbps absolutely insured and not less than this value, can overtake class B/C services bandwidth；

Available bandwidth 0Mbps ~ 4500Mbps

5G0.5 G

2.5 G

2 G

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RPR Data Queues

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RPR Disadvantages

As part of RPR standards, some features might be considered as the disadvantages of RPR technology.

1.Traffic Engineering: RPR is, essentially, a connection-less technology. As such, it does not provide any means for traffic engineering. Path cost, path reliability or path optimization of any kind is not taken into consideration. So an operator that wishes to route highly important traffic over a specific reliable path is not able to do so. MPLS Can solve this problem. 2. Fewer Classes for QoS:RPR has only 3 classes for traffic classification. However subclasses A0, A1 along with B, C are enough for most applications.3. Across The Ring QoS:Across the ring Fair Algorithm and QoS mechanism is not well supported

(Standards). This might not be needed in all cases, L3 protocol can solve this issue. 4. Single Ring Protections:Only single ring can switch in 50ms (Standards), but as both rings can send and receive simultaneously, it is still better than SDH.

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n Metro Ring Network Technology

n Customer Requirements

n RPR Technology

n RPR Technology and SolutionÜ H3C RPR Products

Ü H3C RPR L2, L3 Application

Ü RPR MAN Solution Proposal, OSPF Mapping

Ü H3C S9500 RPR Network Features

Ü H3C S9500 RPR Success Cases

Contents

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H3C RPR Products

H3C S9500 Series Chassis

The H3C S9500 series are new-generation high-end Ethernet switches independently developed by H3C and support RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) interfaces.

At present, the S9500 series provide four types of RPR interface boards: 2*10G RPR, 2*2.5G RPR, 4*GE RPR and 2*GE RPR. The S9502/S9505/S9508/S9508V/S9512 series provide 3/5/8/8/12 RPR slots respectively andcan support up to twenty-four 10G/2.5G RPR interfaces or up to 48GE RPR interfaces plus extra 8 GE ports on each GE RPR Card.

2*10G RPR interface board2*2.5G RPR interface board2/4*GE RPR interface board

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H3C RPR L2 Application

10G RPR

2.5G RPR9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

VLAN60

VLAN60

FVLAN 80

VLAN 50

VLAN 50 VLAN 50

A

E

D

B

C

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H3C RPR L3 Application

10G RPR

2.5G RPR

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

9500

95009500

9500

9500

VLAN 10220.0.0.254/28

VLAN 20220.0.1.254/28

VLAN50

VLAN60VLAN70

VRRP

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RPR MAN Solution Proposal

10/2.5G RPRS95… …

… …

S95 S95 S95

S95 S95S95

S9512S9512

Central LAN

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10/2.5G RPR

S95 … …

… …

S95 S95 S95

S95 S95S95

S9512S9512

Central LAN

AREA 1

AREA 0AREA 2 AREA 6

AREA 3 AREA 4 AREA 5

OSPF Routing Map

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H3C S95 use IP-Precedence into RPR Class mapping relationship and use the

following command and corresponding table

#rpr cos-precedence-map ip 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 2 2

C27

C26

A05

A04

C23

C22

B11

C20

Service ClassRPR ClassIP Precedence

IP Precedence Into RPR QoS Mapping

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Data Center

Branch Terminal

MSR

S95

S95

S95 S95

S95

S95S95

S95S95

RPR

Media Server

Voice and VideoApplication ServicesOther Services

1. Access/aggregation devices based on ACL classify the packets flow, permitting the corresponding IP Precedence markings, and carryout the exit queue scheduling.

2. When entering the ring, S95 map the IP Precedence to the RPR types of service, based on the types of service, bandwidth is guaranteed.

3. Over the ring S95 based on the types of services, guarantee bandwidth.

4. When removing packet from the ring, S95 based on the IP Precedence carryout queue scheduling.

H3C S9500 RPR Network QoS

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Data Center

Branch User Terminal

S95

S95

S95 S95

S95

S95S95

S95S95

RPR

Media Server

X

1. When RPR backbone certain link fail, the RPR ring first adopt WRAP recovery method in the shortest possible time fault protection so that services are not interrupted, and then adopt Steering method, through the re-calculation to ensure that the packet transmit by the optimal path with minimum delay

Normal Data Flow

After WRAP Data flow

After Steering data flow

Network Reliability Analysis

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MSR

S95

S95

S95 S95

S95

S95S95

S95S95

RPR

X

2. All application data go through data center links, so the link redundancy of these routes must be carefully considered with backup mechanism. To avoid loops RRPP/STP features are required. When the main link work normal, the backup link will be blocked via RRPP/STP, once the main link fail, RRPP/STP will activate the standby link, Application data will always be able to reach the data center.

Data Center Media Server

Main Link

Backup LinkBranch User Terminal

Network Reliability Analysis (Continue)

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S95

S95

S95 S95

S95

S95S95

S95S95

RPR

X

3. Backbone ring S95 equipment hardware has full redundancy design. If the main engine fail, all services through GR (Graceful Restart) technology will quickly switched to the standby engine to achieve the millisecond packet loss and delay, users almost not feel the service interruption

X

X

4. Backbone ring S95 equipment hardware has full redundancy design. If the main engine fail, all services through GR (Graceful Restart) technology will quickly switched to the standby engine to achieve the millisecond packet loss and delay, users almost not feel the service interruption

5. All products support dual power supply, dual fans, and fan failure can quickly switch; support hot swap module, fail module can be replaced without service interruption

Data Center

Branch User Terminal

Network Reliability Analysis (Continue)

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Case 1: Dalian Local Tax Bureau 10G RPR E-Government Backbone Network

RPR Ring

City Bureau

Grassroots Bureau

Taxation Office

Grassroots Bureau

Taxation Office

www.h3c.comwww.h3c.com 51

Case 2: Futian District Shenzhen 10G RPR E-Government Backbone Network

Hospital

Sub-District Office

Sub-District Office

Sub-District Office

Futian District Committee

Futian Police Unit

Environmental Committee

Xian MihuPolice Station

Futian district government office buildings

PE

PE

PE

PES9508

S9508

S9508

S9508

10G RPR

Sub-District Office

Government

HospitalHospital

Hospital

Government

Government

Government

Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.www.h3c.com