resolving landfill conflicts-solid waste management principles
TRANSCRIPT
8/8/2019 Resolving Landfill Conflicts-Solid Waste Management principles
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RESOLVING LANDFILL
CONFLICTSTHROUGH WASTE REDUCTION
Mrs Almitra H Patel, Member
Supreme Court Committee on Solid Waste Management50 Kothnur, Bagalur Road, Bangalore 560077
www.almitrapatel.com
98443 02914IIT Chennai 11.10.2010
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WHY NO EARLIER LANDFILLS?
Before the 1960s, city waste was all organicand highly prized by farmers for composting.
So the British created huge grass farms for
sewage but no spaces for city solid waste.
The Plastics Yug and Urea Subsidy has now
made city waste unwanted, so cities dump it
outside their city limits, on highways, river-
banks or suburban farmland, even in lakes.
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OPEN DUMPS ARE NOT LANDFILLS!
Growing cities, growing waste meant larger andhigher dumps. These release methane gas as they
decompose, and also stinking black ³leachate´ liquid
which flows downward, polluting ground-water, wells.
So the West, esp USA with vast empty lands, created
µLandfills¶ with waterproof bottom & side liners to keep
leachate out of the ground, and pipes below airtight
covers to capture methane and just ³flare´ (waste) it.
Even lined landfills leak after 30 years, so Europe has
BANNED BELOW-GROUND LANDFILLS FROM 2012.
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INDIA LE ARNT FROM OTHERS
India¶s Municipal Solid Waste Rules 2000recognise the importance of city compost for
our soil health as in Vedic times & even now.
Organic waste has by law to be STABILISED
(like leaves on a forest floor) to a humus-richearthy water-retaining microbe-rich powder.
This is called compost, after sieving. It restores vitality
to soils made infertile by too much chemical fertiliser.
Even huge old dumps are being µbio-mined¶ by fertiliser
companies to recover compost for co-marketing with
urea and to create fresh waste-management space.
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L ANDFILL AVOIDANCE IS KEY
Our MSW Rules require municipal bodies to
³MAKE USE OF W ASTES TO MINIMIZE
BURDEN ON L ANDFILL´.
Suryapet (pop. 103,000) has shown how
easily this can be done. Less than 10% of
their collected waste needs land-filling. Andsale of sorted dry waste employing 8 waste-
pickers earns the city Rs 1 lac a month.
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KEEP W ASTES UNMIXED AT
SO
URC
E &IN
TRAN
SPOR
TCitizens will keep dry
waste out of food waste
if they SEE the city is
serious about managing
them separately and
properly as here at
Suryapet.D
aily, eighttractors lift 32 tons/day
from 32,000 homes etc.
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OUR RECYCLING IS VIBRANT
India¶s huge informal sector of rag-pickers,kabadiwalas, waste buyers and recyclers
supports 1-2% of big-city employment.
SEGREGATION IS KEY TO REDUCE WASTE QTY.
If 15% to 25% recyclables are collected AND
TRANSPORTED SEPARATELY, and debris/silt is
collected in a separate trip, the organic content
of compostable waste goes up from 45% to 80%.
Only non-recyclables and non-compostables are
allowed to be ³landfilled´ in lined landfills.
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ONLY ADMINISTRATIVE WILL
IS NEEDED FOR GOOD MSW
Random dumping outside towns needs to be replaced
by eco-friendly waste processing and disposal in
designated locations, which are far from homes, water
bodies, wetlands, National Parks and heritage sites.
Of course this will be objected to by nearby residents IF
IT¶S UNHYGIENIC and not as laid down in MSW Rules.
Suryapet, AP, pop. 1 lac, achieved dustbin-free ZERO
GARBAGE status of 32 tons/day waste by vermi- /composting and dry waste sorting on just 1/2 acre land
within the town! NO LANDFILLING was needed as
CLEAN INERTS were used for highway widening.
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ZERO WASTE IS CATCHING ON
In AP: Tenali, Eluru, Nandyal, + 50 KrishnaDistrict panchayats collect plastics-free waste.
In TN: Kulithalai copied the Suryapet model
and should be an example for Ambattur etc.
In Gujarat: 89 small towns do vermicomposting.
In Kerala: 200 apartments in Kochi use
onsite 200 BIO-BINS TO MINIMISE WASTE
BY DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING.
Why not in small town clusters in Tamil Nadu?
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REPL ACE DUMPER PL ACERS
WITH B
IO-BIN
S like Kochi¶s:
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BENEFITS OF BIO-BINS
Waste from 100-200 families is added daily to
one bio-bin with a little bioculture, and moved
from one end of bin to the other to mix & aerate.
After 15 days left to mature and 2nd bio-bin used.
No smell, no leachate, 50% volume reduction.
WASTE IS STABILISED, AS PER RULES.
10-15-day stabilised waste is fed to earthworms
for profitable Self Help Group income generation.
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NOBODY WILL OBJECT TO
ST ABILISED PL ASTICS-FREE
W ASTE MGT NE ARBYCities must be sincere and considerate. The
Chief Officer should do waste processing as
if he is prepared to personally live next door.
It is unacceptable to not use one¶s own
SWM sites because of sloppy managementand insist on dumping near distant villagers
and threaten Chennai¶s water-supply lifeline.
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AMB ATTUR¶s SWM PL AN is FL AWED
SWM Rules are already 10 yrs old. Yet Ambattur isplanning for source separation AFTER 5 YE ARS!
Waste quantities ar e grossly exaggerated.
27 tpd for tiny pop 30,265 Valsaravakkam
= 892 gm/capita/day! More than 3.5 timesthe small-town average of 250 gcpd!
This can be entirely managed by many local bio-bins or
stack and vermi-composting. Avoiding many daily 18 kmtrips by six mini-lorries to a faraway common site will give
huge savings in transport, useful for town improvements.
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MINIMAL SPACE IS NEEDED FOR
PLASTICS-FREE WET WASTE.
Suryapet¶s vermi- and stack-
composting is very compact
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COLLECT INERTS SEP ARATELY
Ambattur has NO PL ANS TO REDUCE the30% inerts it collects along with its mixed waste!
Suryapet does Door To Door collection of
SEGREGATED garbage 5 - 8am + 8:30 - 10am,and 10am - Noon from shops, offices & hospitals.
2-5pm is for SEP ARATE LIFTING OF SILT into
wheely-bins unloading into a separate tractor trip.
Drains are SPOTLESS! Silt widens the highway.
No landfill is necessary as everything is useful.
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RECYCLING MINIMISES W ASTE QTY
Ambattur¶s inflated waste quantity will reduce
30% by keeping out silt and inerts, and another
25% by recycling all non-compostable wastes.
Why continue sloppy habits of collecting all mixed
and then try to sieve sand out for bricks or landfill?
RDF from such low-calorie waste has failed many
times. Minimum 3500 kcal/kg is reqd, not 1100 kcal/kg!
TN is a leader in µplastic roads¶, 1200 km 4 yr ago!
No litter, plus Bitumen Road life is 250% better!
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SHREDDED PLASTICS MAKE
EXCELLENT BITUMEN ROADS :
1200 km in Tamil Nadu in 1 year!
Tamil Nadu Rural Dev Dept gave
plastic shredding machines to
self-help groups, purchased itat Rs 12 per kg to replace 10%
bitumen by weight, making far
better roads at no extra cost.
Collect through schools:1 free pencil for 1 kg plastic;
Sell pooled class collection for Eco Club activities
Help kabadiwalas BUY all drywaste from homes.
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CONSULT THE PEOPLE!
ALL will cooperate in a win-win situation.Consult SHGs in the 4 small towns below ½
lac pop, and waste pickers and buyers in
Ambattur, how to generate jobs from waste
to become a model Zero Garbage Town.
Consult Kutthambakkam farmers and dairymen
on how they can benefit from city compost and
vermicompost produced within the towns withoutany dumping upstream of a drinking water lake!
Avoidable forcible pollution of grazing land, wetlands,
lakes by NIMBY towns unwilling to change is criminal!