resource description and access (rda) a new cataloging standard for a digital future jennifer bowen...
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Resource Description and Access (RDA)
A New Cataloging Standard for a Digital Future
Jennifer BowenNYLA Annual Meeting, Buffalo, NYOctober 26, [email protected]
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Why a new standard? Simplify rules
Encourage use as a content standard for metadata schema
Encourage international applicability Provide more consistency Address current problems Principle-based
Build on cataloger’s judgment Encourage application of FRBR
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Why not just keep revising AACR2? Too book (print)-centered Part 1 chapter structure doesn’t
work for digital materials Class of materials
Outdated terminology A window of opportunity…
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1978…When this car and AACR2 were new…
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How did we get here?
AACR2 1978 1988 1998 2002
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Supporting Organizational Structure
Committee of
Principals
AACR FundTrustees/Publishers
Joint SteeringCommittee
ALACC:DA
ACOC BL CCC CILIP LC
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JSC, Editor, Project Manager
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1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR Toronto, Canada JSC invited
worldwide experts
Issues leading to RDA
Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of
AACR Seriality Internationalization
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How did we get here? IFLA’s Functional
Requirements for Bibliographic Records
FRBR user tasks Find Identify Select Obtain
Collocation at the work/expression level
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How did we get here? December 2003 Update Paris
Principles IFLA Meeting of
Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC Frankfurt draft Statement of Principles)
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How did we get here? Communication
Standards MARC
• UNIMARC• MARC 21• MODS/MADS• MARCXML
XML dtd’s Next
generation?
Metadata Standards Dublin Core MPEG 7 VRA EAD ISBD (also a
content/display standard)
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Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
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Strategic Plan for RDA http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/stratpla
n.html
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Beginning with “AACR3”… Draft of Part 1 of “AACR3”
reviewed by JSC constituencies (Winter 2005)
Feedback prompted a change in direction!
Draft of Part 1 of RDA (Resource Description and Access) review period coming up (Dec.-March)
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From AACR3 to RDA: First draft of Pt. 1 review
What did we do? What did we learn?
Comments received
What decisions were made? A new direction Process for moving forward
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Constituency review of Part 1: Who participated?
JSC constituencies (ALA etc.) Within ALA: CC:DA
ALCTS/CCS Committee on Cataloging: Description and Access
Other International rule makers Other communities…
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Specialist communities
Anglo American Cataloguing Committee for Cartographic Materials
Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIM)
ISSN International Centre
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Other metadata communities
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) via DC-libraries discussion list
Needed feedback from other communities too!
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What did we hear? Need more radical change
Make the rules more metadata-friendly Simplify, simplify, simplify! Consider one element (e.g. “title”) all at
once instead of in multiple places Separate display conventions
(e.g. ISBD Punctuation) from the rules themselves
Need more connection to FRBR in Pt. 1
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What did we hear? Be cost-effective AACR2 and RDA records must be
compatible Minimize need for maintenance on
existing records Consider costs of retraining catalogers
and rewriting documentation Future training will be easier using
streamlined, modernized rules Resulting documentation can be
simpler, easier to maintain.
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What did we hear? Keep the best of AACR2
New code should still contain many AACR2 rules Keep what works, simplify where possible
Maintain, but modify, the connection between RDA and the ISBDs Refer to the ISBDs as possible display
standards (Appendix) Catalogers can still create ISBD-
compatible records using the new code.
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Identifying the major stakeholders
Catalogers as well as Library administrators Cataloging educators Public Service librarians System developers Metadata communities MARC format developers National and international programs
(PCC, ISSN, IFLA, etc.)
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Re-examining the big picture Economic considerations for
institutions that use the rules Digital developments and emerging
technologies Need to engage with other
communities outside the library world
Relationship between cataloging and metadata
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Changing Direction:…from AACR3…
…to RDA: Resource Description and Access
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RDA will be A new standard for resource
description and access Designed for the digital environment
Web-based product (also loose-leaf) Description and access of all digital
resources (and analog) Resulting records usable in the digital
environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)
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RDA will be Multinational content standard providing
bibliographic description and access for all media
Developed for use in English language communities; it can also be used in other language communities
Independent of the format (e.g., MARC 21) used to communicate information
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Purpose for RDA
Support FRBR user tasks Find, identify, select, obtain
Enable users of library catalogues, etc. to find and use resources appropriate to their information needs
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RDA Structure (Proposed) General introduction Part I – Resource description Part II - Relationships Part III – Authority control (Access point
control) Appendices
Capitalization, Numerals, Initial articles, Abbreviations
Presentation (ISBD display, OPAC display, etc.)
Glossary Index
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General Introduction (Proposed) Purpose and scope of the code Underlying objectives and
principles Related standards and guidelines
Keep brief but possibly with links to full text of the relevant principles and concept documents
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RDA – Part I (Proposed) • Introduction• General guidelines for resource
description• Identification of the resource• Technical description• Content description• Information on terms of availability• Item-specific information
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RDA – Part I (Proposed) Data elements/attributes for
description of resources Purpose and scope (FRBR user tasks) Source for the attribute How to record the attribute Notes pertaining to the attribute Attribute as access point
• Controlled• Uncontrolled
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RDA - Part I (Proposed)GMD/SMD vs. Type and Form of Carrier
Print and graphic media
Micrographic media Tactile media Three-dimensional
media Audio media Projected graphic,
film, video media Digital media
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RDA - Part I (Proposed) Type and Form of Content
Text Music Cartographic Resources Graphics Three-dimensional
Resources Sound Moving Images Data, Software, and
Interactive Content
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RDA – Part II (Proposal) Relationships
Works Expressions Manifestations Items Persons Corporate bodies Families
Citations Works Expressions Manifestations Items
Simplify choice of primary access point for citations of works
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Updated Terminology
AACR2 terms
Heading
Main Entry
Added Entry
Uniform title
RDA termsAccess pointPrimary Access pointSecondary Access
pointCitation: Access point…
For a workFor an expressionFor a manifestation
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RDA Part III (Proposal)
Authority control / Access point management General guidelines Authorized forms
• Persons, Families, Corporate bodies, Places• Citations for works, etc.
Variant forms
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Proposals for Part 3: Authority Control Clarify rules for Uniform Titles
Collocation, Identification/Differentiation Rename as “citations”
Integrates AACR2 Chapter 26 (References) into other chapters
Rules for Citations (uniform titles) for works expanded to include Expression-Level Citations
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FRBR Entities Group 1: Work, Expression,
Manifestation, Item Products of intellectual or artistic
endeavor: Group 2: Person, Corporate Body
Those responsible for intellectual or artistic content
Group 3: Concept, Object, Event, Place Serve as subjects of works
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FRBR Group 1 Entities
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Goethe’s “Faust”
L. Filmore’s English translation of Faust
As published by W. Smith, 1847
The copy owned by my library
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Citations for Works and Expressions
Classics of literature vs. scientific studies Examples in the OCLC database
Stephen King• 102 works, 231 manifestations
Shakespeare’s Hamlet• 1 work, 2696 manifestations
Rowling, J.K. (Harry Potter stories)• 28 works, 300 manifestations
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RDA Structure (Proposed)
General introduction Part I – Resource description Part II - Relationships Part III – Authority control (Access point
control) Appendices
Capitalization, Numerals, Initial articles, Abbreviations
Presentation (ISBD display, OPAC display, etc.)
Glossary Index
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Appendices (Proposal) Capitalization Numerals Initial articles Abbreviations Presentation of descriptive and authority
data Glossary
Possibly hypertext links from text to glossary terms
Index
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RDA Timeline (Proposal) July 2005: Prospectus Oct. 2005-April 2006: Completion of draft
of Part I, and constituency review May-Sept. 2006: Completion of draft of
Part II, and constituency review Oct. 2006-Apr. 2007: Completion of draft
of Part III, and constituency review May-Sept. 2007: Completion of General
Introduction, Appendices, and Glossary 2008: Publication
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Where are we now? Coming very soon: RDA Part 1
December 2005-March 2006 constituency review
Public review??? Watch the JSC website and Autocat for
announcements:http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc
Drafts of other parts will follow ca. every 6 months
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AACR2
Final AACR2 update: 2005
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Citations
Data elements
FRBR
Authority control
Access points
Consistency
Content standard
Simplification
Principles
Summary
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Thank you …
Questions???