resource recovery from wastewater through advanced biorecycling technologies ana lucia prieto, phd...
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Resource recovery from wastewater through advanced biorecycling technologies
Ana Lucia Prieto, PhD
Postdoctoral Researcher, Colorado School of Mines
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Society of Environmental Journalists22nd Annual MeetingOct. 17-22, 2012Lubbock, TX
Daniel Yeh, PhD, PE, LEED AP
Associate Professor
D. Yeh
Acknowledgement• Craig Criddle (Stanford University)
– A constant source of knowledge and inspiration from whom I have learned much about wastewater treatment and sustainable water reuse via anaerobic processes
• Ana Lucia Prieto, PhD– Postdoctoral Researcher, Colorado School of Mines
• Other Contributors:– Robert Bair, USF - Piet Lens, UNESCO-IHE– Ivy Drexler, USF - Harry Futselaar, Pentair– Onur Ozcan, USF - Jeremy Guest, UIUC– Jim Mihelcic, USF
D. Yeh
FOX 13 video
• http://www.myfoxtampabay.com/story/18612577/could-a-new-energy-source-start-right-here
D. Yeh
For typical household wastewater (USA)For typical household wastewater (USA)
SS ~ 232 mg/LSS ~ 232 mg/L
BODBOD55 ~ 420 mg/L ~ 420 mg/L
COD ~ 849 mg/LCOD ~ 849 mg/L
TOC ~ 184 mg/LTOC ~ 184 mg/L
Nitrogen ~ 57 mg TKN/LNitrogen ~ 57 mg TKN/L
Phosphorous ~ 10 mg P/LPhosphorous ~ 10 mg P/L
Soluble and particulate org. matter(Soluble and particulate org. matter(
WERF onsite WW report)WERF onsite WW report)
““Waste” Waste” WaterWater
From 7 billion people, that From 7 billion people, that is a lot of potential is a lot of potential pollution, a lot of COD, pollution, a lot of COD, and a lot of potential and a lot of potential methane emission as methane emission as well as energy recovery well as energy recovery opportunitiesopportunities
The importance of technology for clean water
UN World Water Development Report 2
Conventional WWT in US
D. Yeh
How do we clean our wastewater?
Energy:PumpingMixingAerationDisinfectionHeat for digester Chem
transportation
Chemicals:FlocculationPrecipitationDisinfection
Labor:O&M
Clean Water
Unrecoverable waste
residuals
Trace chemicals,
VOCs
CO2CH4
H2S
D. Yeh
Recovery of water• Direct or indirect reuse for agriculture• Potable water offset• Sewer mining
• Secondary treatment• Soil aquifer treatment (SAT)• Tertiary treatment• Membrane effluent filtration• MBR(+AOP)• MBR+RO (+AOP)
• Need some sort of infrastructure for delivery of recovered water to customers, depending on use
D. Yeh
How do we clean our wastewater?
Energy:PumpingMixingAerationDisinfectionHeat for digester Chem
transportation
Chemicals:FlocculationPrecipitationDisinfection
Labor:O&M
Clean water
BioproductsBiosolids, Nutrients,
biopolymers
Unrecoverable waste
residuals
Energy?
Trace chemicals,
VOCs
CO2CH4
H2S
A more sustainable approach
D. Yeh
Recovery of nutrientsRecovery of nutrients
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Struvite and other precipitates Biosolids
Bio-P phosphorus recovery
Crop growth / Algae Liquid fertilizer
D. Yeh
How do we clean our wastewater?
Energy
Chemicals
Labor
Clean water
BioproductsBiosolids, Nutrients,
biopolymers
Unrecoverable waste
residuals
Energy?
Trace chemicals
,
VOCs
CO2
CH4
H2S
Energy
An even more sustainable approach
D. Yeh
Wastewater as a renewable resource
A paradigm shift is underway!
http://www.sustainlane.com/reviews/getting-the-most-from-human-waste/ICF8A2T14UAQ9HTV27Q8VLQXRTOI
Graphics: Jeremy Guest
D. Yeh
Energy potential in wastewater
Waste organic = matter
Reservoirs of energy
View chemical oxygen demand (COD) as energy potential, rather than pollution
The choices lie in how we recover this potential energy
Further, how sustainable are the choices?
D. Yeh
Can WWT be energy neutral?
• Can WWTP be energy neutral, or even energy surplus to export energy to the grid?
0.3 kWh/m3 consumed for WWT (Nouri et al 2007)
0.44 kWh/m3 potential from waste organic matter (assume harvesting 25% of max potential at 1.74 kWh/m3)
Excess energy for export???
Example, small (20,000 p.e.) WWTP in Czech Republic generate AD biogas to heat nearby homes
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So, how do we extract this energy from
wastewater?
D. Yeh
The Carbon Cycle
Aerobic – “with oxygen”
Anaerobic – “without oxygen”
D. Yeh
Energy states of carbonall about biorecycling
CH4 (CH2O)n CO2methane Org C (biomass) Carbon dioxide
Combustion, respirationCombustion, respiration
(-4)
Anaerobic digestionAnaerobic digestion
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Fullyreduced
Fullyoxidized
Methane biomass Carbon dioxide
Energy rich moderate none
Redox state -4 In between +4
COD (energy) 4 g OD/g (180.4 Wh /g) Typically 1-3 g OD/g zero
Oxidation (losing e- )
Reduction (gaining e- )
(+4)
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The anaerobic The anaerobic MBR (AnMBR)MBR (AnMBR)
at Univ. South Floridaat Univ. South Florida
AD + UF membrane
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N, P recovery for reuse (fertigation)
A
B
93% P recovered (cumulative)
95% N recovered (cumulative)
Prieto et al, 2012
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NEWgenerator TM
Potential to contribute on:Sanitation WaterEnergy FoodHealth GenderEconomics Empowerment
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Synergy of Algae and Wastewater
Requires Requires NutrientsNutrients
Requires Requires COCO22
Requires Requires OO22
Requires Requires EnergyEnergy
From Cormier 2010
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Isolated Cultivation of Algal Resources from Sewage (ICARUS)
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…perhaps in a not-too-distant future?
Graphics: Ana Lucia Prieto
Thank you for your attention. Questions?
Prof. Daniel [email protected]
USF Membrane Biotechnology Labhttp://mbr.eng.usf.edu/
D. Yeh
D. Yeh
D. Yeh
Energy recovery from wastewater
Figure from: Howard F. Curren WWTP post-aeration basin (www.tampagov.net/dept_wastewater/information_resources/Advanced_Wastewater_Treatment_Plant)
Energy:PumpingMixingAerationDisinfectionHeat for digester Chem transp.
Reduced WW organic matter
• CH4 and H2
(anaerobic digestion)
• Electricity and H2 (Microbial fuel cells)
•Biosolids for combustion
•Also, algae biofuel Electron donors (energy reservoirs)