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Respected Sir & dear friends

An Introduction to BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

Presented by Mohd. SufiyanMCA –Vth Sem

Sec-A2GIMT (Gr. Noida)

Definition of Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a short range (10-100 m) and low-cost wirelessnetwork system to replace cables and give RF connectionbetween consumer devices.

Overview of Bluetooth HistoryWhat is Bluetooth?

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology.

Why this name?It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway.

When does it appear?1994 – Ericsson study on a wireless technology to link mobile phones & accessories.5 companies (Ericssn,Nokia,IBM,Toshiba & Intel)joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998 named.First specification released in July 1999.

Timeline1994 : Ericsson study complete / vision1995 : Engineering work begins1997 : Intel agrees to collaborate1998 : Bluetooth SIG formed: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia & Toshiba1999 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0ASIG promoter group expanded: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft & Motorola2000 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0B, 2000+ adopters2001 : First retail products released, Specification 1.12003 : Bluetooth Specification 1.22005 : Bluetooth Specification 2.0

Ultimate Headset

Bluetooth details Uses the radio range of 2.45 GHz Theoretical maximum bandwidth is 1 Mb/s Several Bluetooth devices can form an ad hoc network called a “piconet” – In a piconet one device acts as a master (sets frequency hopping behavior) and the others as slaves– Example: A conference room with many laptops wishing to communicate with each Other

Piconet Structure

Master

Active Slave

Parked Slave

Standby

Ad-hoc Network the ScatternetInter-piconet communicationUp to 10 piconets in a scatternetMultiple piconets can operate within same physical spaceThis is an ad-hoc, peer to peer (P2P) network

Bluetooth enabled devicesLaptops Cellular phones Personal Digital Assistants Headsets Printers Keyboards/mice GPS, etc… Major use in consumer electronics

Bluetooth CharacteristicsAllows up to 8 devices to communicate in a local network called a Piconet, also known as a Personal Area Network or PANBecause of its low power consumption, its range is limited to 10 m. However, range can be increased to 100 m by employing a scatternet topology or a higher powered antennaThree classes of Bluetooth devices -Class 3 radios – have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 Feet. -Class 2 radios – most commonly found in mobile devices – have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet -Class 1 radios – used primarily in industrial use cases – have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet

The Bluetooth StandardThe Bluetooth standard is maintained and published by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)Includes thousands of member companiesCovers topics such as interoperability, testing and qualification of bluetooth devicesMost important, outlines the specifications for:- Bluetooth Radio- Baseband- LMP – Link Manager Protocol- HCI – Host Controller Interface- L2CAP – Logical Link Control & Adaptation Protocol- RFCOMM- Profiles

The Bluetooth Protocal Stack

Bluetooth RadioBluetooth uses a TDD (Time Division Duplex) protocol to transmit information in one timeslot and receive in anotherEmploys a Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation mechanism to transmit bits, where: - Binary 0 is represented by a negative frequency deviation - Binary 1 is represented by a positive frequency deviation

Baseband Enables RF to form a piconet (physical channel shared among several devices) – Up to 7 slaves can be connected to 1 master Provides 2 different kind of physical links, with their corresponding packets – Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) – Asynchronous Connection-Link (ACL)

Baseband - SCO SCO is a symmetric point-to-point link between a master and a single slave in the piconet The SCO link is maintained by the master by its use of timeslots at regular intervals The Master can support up to 3 simultaneous SCO links, while the slaves can support 2 or 3 links SCO packets are never retransmitted, and are typically employed in time constraint applications such as voice Are used in 64Kbps speech transmission A SCO link can be considered as a circuit-switched connection.

Baseband - ACLPoint-to-multipoint link between master and all slaves in the piconet ACL link can be established on per slot basis In the slots which are not reserved for SCO transmission, the master can establish an ACL link with any slave, including the slaves which are already engaged in SCO communication Unlike SCO where multiple SCO links can be established, only one ACL Link can be established between two nodes ACL packets which are lost are always retransmitted

Link Manager Protocol (LMP) Responsible for link set-up between devices, including security functions : – Authentication – Encryption Controls and negotiates baseband packet size Controls power modes and connection states

Host Controller Interface (HCI) Uniform interface method of accessing the Bluetooth controller capabilities Alows the software stack on the host processor to communicate with Bluetooth hardware Not used for communicating among devices

Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)

Its role is to adapt upper protocols over the Baseband : – Multiplexing capability – Segmentation and reassembly operations Permits to transmit and receive upper layer data packets up to 64kB in length Also permits per-channel flow control and retransmission

Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) Provides a means for a Bluetooth device to discover what services of another device are available and determine the characteristics of those available services Client-Server interaction Service records (database) provide a list of services and associated attributes

Adopted protocols Point-to-Point Protocol (runs over RFCOMM) TCP/UDP/IP : allows communication with any other device connected to the Internet/WAP OBEX : allows to exchange objects in a simple and spontaneous manner (developed by the IrDA) WAP : allows to build application gateways (functions like remote control and data fetching from a PC to handset)

Competting technologies Infrared IrDA (WPAN) : synchronization, link between a phone and a laptop… – Less flexible than Bluetooth, need of a line of site – Comparable data rate Wi-Fi (WLAN) : Wireless LAN access– Far higher bandwidth and data rate than Bluetooth– Higher power consumption than Bluetooth– Requires infrastructure investment

Examples Cordless Telephony Intercom Headset Fax Dial-up networking LAN accessFile transferBasic Printing A/V remote control Hands-free

Future of BluetoothSuccess of Bluetooth depends on how well it is integrated into consumer products

-Consumers are more interested in applications than the technology

-Bluetooth must be successfully integrated into consumer -- products

-Must provide benefits for consumer

-Must not destroy current product benefits

Key Success Factors-Interoperability-Mass Production at Low Cost-Ease of Use-End User Experience

Thanks For Your Atention