respi cd caused by bacteria
TRANSCRIPT
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….. Caused by Bacteria
DISEASES ACQUIRED THROUGH THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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A chronic , subacute or acute diseasethat ost coon!" a#ects the
res$irator" s"ste, usua!!" the!un%s, but a" in&o!&e $arts o' others"ste such as the !"$hatics,oseous uro%enita!, ner&ous and%astrointestina!(
S"non") consumption; phthisis
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Infectious agent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis* anor%anis that u!ti$!ies s!o+!" and
are characteried as acid* 'astaerobic or%anis, +hich ca be -i!!edb" heat, sunshine, dr"in% andu!tra&io!et !i%ht(
Sputum o' the $erson +ith T. is theost common source o' theor%anis(
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Incubation period
/ro 0 to 12 +ee-sETIOO!"#Po&ert"3 o&ercro+ded hoesEner%"3 $rotein undernutritionDe4ciencies in 5it A, D an d CDebi!itation to intercurrent in'ections
$re&a!ent aon% the $oor decreaseresistance a%ainst in'ection
Chi!dren be!o+ 6 "ears o!d(Ci%arette so-in%
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Mode of transmission
An airborne in'ection transitted b"dro$!et nuc!ei 7cou%hin%, sneein%,
or sin%in%8T$o $ays an organism gain access
to the body# Inhalation ingestion
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%&T'O!E(ESIS O)
T*BE+C*OSIS….
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+is, )actors for&cti-ation of TB
9ith initia! in'ectionC!ose contact
7:8 PPD test;o+ered resistance due to
a!coho!is, edication thera$" orother under!"in% disease condition
E!der!"
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Clinical Manifestations
%+IM&+" I()ECTIO(Chan%e o' beha&ior
Eas" 'ati%abi!it"A!ertness to a$ath" Irritabi!it"
/!eetin% in'ection o' the res$irator"or GIT
Cre$itant ra!es
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%OST%+IM&+"%+O!+ESSI/E%+IM&+"
5isib!" i!!Cou%h that %radua!!" becoes
distressin%Abnora! $h"sica! si%nsAbnora! breath soundsHeo$t"sis 7rare case8
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C'+O(IC %*MO(&+"TB
S"STEMIC SI!(S 0 S"M%TOMSGenera! a!aise, anorei%ht s+eat;oss o' +ei%ht
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%*MO(&+" SI!(SCou%h
/ine cre$itant ra!esHeo$t"sis and chest $ainP!eura! $ain*** $!euris" +ith e#usiond"s$nea
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E1trapulmonary TB
M"cobacteriu can in'ect an" or%anin the bod" 7$!eurae, !"$h nodes,
%enito* urinar", bones, ?oint,$eritoneu and C>S8E(%( $ott@s disease* T. o' the bone
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MET'O2S O) %'"SIC&E3&MI(&TIO(
Ins$ection
Pa!$ation
Auscu!tation
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2I&!(OSIS O) T'E2ISE&SE
'istory%hysical e1amination
2iagnostic e1amination Roent%eno%ra$h" 7*RAY8
.ronchosco$" B broncho%ra$h"
.acterio!o%" ieh! >ee!sen Method
Histo$atho!o%"
Heato!o%"
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T*BE+C*I( TEST
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4. M&(TO*3 TEST
A tubercu!in test consists o'intradera! in?ection o' a $uri4ed
$rotein deri&ati&e/ored +hee! easures 6 to
in diaeter The test shou!d read F*0 hours
!aterResu!t) 12 or ore* 7:8
6* * cross reaction
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5. %&TC' /O( %+O6*ETTEST
A s-in test identi'"in% a!!er%ens,es$ecia!!" those causin% contact
deratitis0F to F hoursPositi&e reaction* the s-in under the
sus$ected $atch is red or s+o!!enand the contro! area is not red ors+o!!en
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7. 'E&) M*TI%E %*(CT*+ES+EE(I(! TEST
Introduces tubercu!in into the s-ineither b" $uncture +ith a de&ice
coated +ith dried tubercu!in or$uncturin% throu%h a 4! o' !iJuidtubercu!in
F*0 hours
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COM%IC&TIO(S
.ronchia! and trachea! u!cerations Tubercu!ous !ar"n%itisP!euris"* in8ammation of the pleura Dr" $!euris"
9et $!euris"S$ontaneous and accidenta! $neuothora<.ronchiectasis Intestina! tubercu!osisMi!iar" dessiination* dissemination of tiny si9ed
lesions
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T+E&TME(T
Isoniaid 7I>H8
Ri'a$icin 7RMP8
Ethabuto! 7EM.8
P"rainaide 7PA8
Stre$to"cin 7 STM8
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(*+SI(! C&+E
Iso!ation T. Education Pro%ra 'or the $atientProote Co'ort
Proote S-in careOra! h"%ieneE!iination $ro$er DietPs"cho!o%ica! care 'o!!o+ edications thera$"Monitor te$erature
9ei%ht onitorin%
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ME(I(!OCOCC&
I()ECTIO(S
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4. &C*TEME(I(COCOCCEMI&Usua!!" starts as naso$har"n%itis
'o!!o+ed b" sudden onset o' hi%h'e&er, +ith chi!!s, nausea, &oitin%,
a!aise and headachePetechia!, $ar$uric, ecch"otic
heorrha%es scattered a!! o&er the
entire bod" sur'ace:&TE+'O*SE )+IE2+IC'SE(
S"(2+OME is the ra$id
de&e!o$ent o' the $etechia to
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5. ME(I(!OCOCC&ME(I(!ITIS
Ma" be ushered b" a short$redroa! $eriod but o'ten is sudden
in onset and a$$ears to coincide +iththe 4rst s"$tos o' in'ection
Sudden onset o' hi%h 'e&er,con&u!sions, nausea, &oitin% andintense headache
De!iriu, stu$or and coa in ore
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$etechiaK! or $ur$uric rashesSi%ns o' increased ICP
.u!%in% 'ontane! in in'ant %ositi-e Mace$en sign*he!$s to
dia%nose h"droce$ha!us and brainabscess
Cho-ed disc* s+e!!in% o' the o$tic ner&e
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Meningeal irritation….
Sti# nec- 7 nucha! ri%idit"8
O$istothonus
Lerni%@s si%n
.rudins-i@s si%n
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ME2IC&TIO(
Ri'a$icinM"noc"c!ine
Menin%ococca! $o!"saccharide&accine
Penici!!inch!ora$henico!
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(ursing Inter-ention
Patient sa'et"Mana%eent o' under!"in%
s"$tosShoc- $recaution* %radua! decreasein te$erature is i$erati&e
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7. Bacterial Meningitides
Is an in=aation o' the enin%esor co&erin% o' the brain
An acute in'ectious disease causedb" a s$eci4c or%anis +hich in&adesthe b!ood strea and is carriedthereb" to the enin%es +here itsets u$ a $uru!ent in=aation
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Causati-e agents..
>eisseria enin%itidisHaeo$hi!us in=uena
Stre$tococcus $neuoniae
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Incubation period
5ariab!e the e
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Mode of transmission
." res$irator" dro$!ets &ia $assa%ethrou%h the naso$har"n%ea! ucosa
% i d f
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%eriod ofCommunicability
0F hours a'ter the start o' e#ecti&eantibiotic thera$"
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%&T'O%'"SIO!"
2irectin-ol-ement ofblood -essels
Septic thrombolicemboli
Bacteremia
2irect contact or
droplet infection
Coloni9ation ofnasopharyn1
ME(I(!ES
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Clinical manifestation
/e&erRa$id $u!seKres$irator" arr"thiasH"$eresthesia o' the s-in* increase
sensiti-ity to stimuli
Soreness o' the s-in and usc!esCon&u!sion3 seiure
S"$tos and si%ns o' increasedintracrania! $ressureSi%ns o' enin%ea! irritationSi%ns o' $"raida! tract in&o!&eent
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Si%n o' &asootor instabi!it" 7tachecerebra!e8* a congested strea, producedby dra$ing the nail across the s,in
Crania! ner&e $a!sies* a form of palsyin-ol-ing one or more of the cranial ner-es.
Petechiae
/oca! cerebra! si%nsEnce$ha!itis ani'estations7dro+siness*!ethar%"* coa
Sudden con'usion
2I&!(OSTIC
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2I&!(OSTIC%+OCE2*+ES
1. umbar puncture* insertion o' aneed!e into the !ubar subarachnoid
s$ace and +ithdra+a! o' CS/ 'ordia%nostic thera$eutic $ur$ose
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0( %ra* stainin% o' CS/( .!ood e
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Complications
Subdura! e#usion or e$"eaH"droce$ha!usDr" ta$*(ot being able to collect a sample of the
8uid
Persistent &oitin%Dea'ness and tota! b!indness in one or
both e"esOcu!ar conditionsDea'* utisOtitis edia and astoiditis
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P"o%enic arhritisEndocarditis, $ericarditis and "ocarditis.ronchitis and $neuoniaC"stitis5entricu!itis* in8ammation of the brain
-entricles.
Motor !ossPersona!it" chan%esCon&u!sionsShoc- in enin%ococca! enin%itis
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T+E&TME(T
A$ici!!inChora$henico!
Cobination o' $enici!!in,ch!ora$henico! and su!'onaidePenici!!in in assi&e doses 7dru% o'
choice 'or enin%ococceia8Reduction o' intracrania! $ressureA.G deterinationsSu$$orti&e =uid re$!aceent
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Intra&enous dru% thera$"Andrenocorticosteriods endoto
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(ursing inter-entions
Pre&ent the occurrence o' 'urtherco$!ications
Maintain nora! aount o' =uid ande!ectro!"te ba!ancePre&ent the s$read o' the diseasePre&ent stress $ro&o-in% 'actorMaintain $ersona! h"%iene and
c!ean!inessMaintain $ro$er e!iination o' +aste
$roduct o' etabo!is
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>utritiona! inta-eMonitorin% $rocedures
Encoura%e !ibera! =uid inta-e.e on constant a!ert 'orco$!ications
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2I%T'E+I&
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An acute bacteria! disease that canin'ect the bod" in t+o areasK the
throat 7res$irator" di$theria8 and thes-in 7s-in or cutaneous di$theria8
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Etiologic &gent
Cor"nebacteriu di$theria 7L!ebs*;oNer .aci!!us8
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Incubation period
A'ter bein% e
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%eriod ofCommunicability
It &aries( It is ore than t+o to 'our+ee-s in untreated $atients or one
to t+o da"s in treated $atients
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Source of infection
In'ection in soe 'ro dischar%es o'the nose, $har"n
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Mode of Transmission
Transitted throu%h contact +ith a$atient or a carrier or +ith artic!es
soi!ed +ith dischar%es o' in'ected$erson(
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%redisposing )actors
An o$eration in an area o' the noseand throat
Econoic status;ac- o' $ro$er nutritiono&ercro+din%
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Types of 2iptheria
1( >asa! * +ith 'ou! se!!in%serosan%uinous secretions 'ro the
nose(
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5. Tonsilar
The !esion are con4ned to the tonsi!son!" but tend to s$read o&er the
$i!!ars, into the so't $a!ate and u&u!a(
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7. (asopharyngeal
Cer&ica! !"$h nodes are s+o!!en>ec- tissues are edeatous that
resu!t in the a$$earance o' bu!!@snec-Has a ar-ed de%ree o' anore
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=. :ound or cutaneous2iptheria
A#ects the ucous ebrane andan" brea- in the s-in
CI(IC&
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CI(IC&M&(I)EST&TIO(S
/ee!in% o' 'ati%ue, a!aise, s!i%ht sorethroat and 'e&er
Cer&ica! adenitisRa$id $u!se rateS+o!!en nec- +ith edea e
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Complications
M"ocarditisPo!"neuritis
Air+a" obstructionCer&ica! adenitis.roncho$neuonia
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2iagnostic Test
S+ab 'ro nose and throat or othersus$ected !esions
5iru!ence testSchic- testMo!one" test
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Treatment modalities
Penici!!inAntito
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(ursing Management
.edrest(Diet* so't 'ood* sa!! 'reJuent
'eedin%sEncoura%e 'ruit ?uices rich in &itain
C Ice co!!ar ust be a$$!ied on the
nec->ose and throat ust be ta-en cared
o'
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B&CTE+I&
%(E*MO(I&
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Re'ers to the conso!idation orso!idi4cation o' the air sacs +ith thein=aator" e
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Etiologic agents
Stre$tococcus $neuoniaeSta$h"!ococcus aureusHeo$hi!us in=uenaeL!ebsie!a $neuoniae
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Incubation period
1* da"s +ith sudden onset o'sha-in% chi!!s, ra$id!" raisin% 'e&erand stabbin% chest $ain a%%ra&atedb" cou%hin% and res$iration
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Mode of transmission
Dro$!et in'ection Indirect contact
< ST&!ES O) T'E
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< ST&!ES O) T'E2ISE&SE
Sta%e o' !un% en%or%eentSta%e o' red he$atiationSta%e o' %ra" he$atiationSta%e o' reso!ution
Cli i l if i
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Clinical manifestation
Sudden onset o' sha-in% chi!!sRa$id!" risin% 'e&erStabbin% chest $ainParo
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.od" a!aise Tach"$neaRa$id and boundin% $u!se/!ushed chee-s, bri%ht e"es,
c"anosisPain'u! cou%h;abored res$irationDia$horesisDe!iriu in the acute sta%e o' the
disease
di i
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diagnosis
$h"sica! e
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Complications
P!euris"E$"ea or $!eura! e#usionPericarditis and endocarditis +ith
e#usion $neuococca! enin%itisOtitis ediaH"$estathic edea and h"$ereiaRare co$!ications* arthritis, abscess
o' the !un%s, %an%rene o' the !un%s,
ebo!us o' the arter" and ate!actasis
T t t
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Treatment
Abso!ute bed restAdeJuate sa!t, =uid and &itain inta-eO
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(ursing Inter-ention
Lee$ $atient +arDo bac- rubbin%Do bronchia! ta$$in%
.edrestE!e&ate head and shou!dersCushion bone $roinences +ith $i!!o+sH"%iene care Increase =uid inta-eHi%h ca!orie dietMonitor I and O
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%E+T*SSIS>:hooping
Cough?
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An in'ectious disease characteriedb" re$eated attac-s o' s$asodiccou%hin% +hich consists o' series o'e
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Causati-e agent
.ordete!!a $ertussis* a non oti!e%ra ne%ati&e baci!!us that is easi!"destro"ed b" !i%ht, heat and dr"in%
I b ti i d
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Incubation period
Se&en to
'ourteen
da"s
%eriod of
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communicability
Starts 'ro da"s a'ter e
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Mode of transmission
Direct contactDro$!et in'ection Indirect contact
Stages of %ert ssis
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Stages of %ertussis
1( Catarrha! sta%e* ostcounicab!e sta%eK !asts 'or 1 to0 +ee-s
0( Paro
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Clinical manifestations
Catarrha! sta%e Mucoid rhinoria
Sneein%
;acriation and dr" bronchia! cou%h
Irritatin%, hac-in%, nocturna! andbecoin% se&ere cou%h
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Paro
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Pro'use s+eatin%, in&o!untar"urination, !ethar%" and e
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Con&a!escent sta%e Gradua! decrease in $aro
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Complications
Interstitia! $neuoniaAte!actasisCon&u!sionsUbi!ica! herniaOtitis edia.roncho$neuonia
Se&ere a!nutrition and star&ation
2iagnostic procedures
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2iagnostic procedures
>aso$har"n%ea! s+absS$utu cu!tureC.C
T+E&TME(T
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T+E&TME(T
Su$$orti&e thera$" /!uid and e!ectro!"te re$!aceent
AdeJuate nutrition
O
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(*+SI(! M&(&!EME(T
Iso!ation and edica! ase$sis shou!dbe carried out
Suctionin% eJui$ent shou!d beread" at a!! ties
Sunshine and 'resh air are i$ortantProote rest
9ar bathsMonitor inta-e and out$ut
Than, o
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Than, you…