respiration

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Respiration

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1.4. Respiration1.5 Types of Respiration

1.6 Importanc of Respiration1.7 Cellular Respiration

Oxidation of food materials like Carbonhydrates, proteins and fats into carbondioxideand water in the presence of oxygen for the production of energy. This process is calledrespiration.

Respiration occurs in with in the cell is called cellular Respiration. Glucose is oxidised into CO2 and H2O in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic

respiration.C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 686 K.Cal

Glucose is incompletely oxidised into Ethanal (Ethyle Alcohol and CO2 is called an

aerobic Respiration) Respiration has three phases. They are Glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport.

(Aerobic Respiration) Glycolysis, Fermentation and electron transport are the three stage of An aerobic

respiration. Conversion of Glucose into pyruvic acid is called Glycolysis. Pyruvic acid is converted into CO2 is called Krebs cycle.

Glucose oxidized and form water is called electron transport. Pyruvic acid is coverted into Ethyle alcohol and carboxide in the absence of oxygen is

called Fermentation. Formation of A.T.P. is called phosphorylation.

ADP + Phosphae A.T.P. Respiratory Substrates: The substances which are oxidised in the body during

respiratory substrates.Ex: Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats.

Advantages of A.T.P:

A.T.P is required for synthesis of carbohydrates, protiens, Fats and Nuclic Acids. A.T.P. is required for transport of nutrients and Ions. Muscle contraction requires A.T.P. Mitochondria is called power house of the cell.Oxidative phosphorylation:

ADP is combined with inorganic phosphate and form adenocine tri phosphate. Thisprocess is called phosphorylation.As this process occurs in the presence of oxygen. hence it is called oxidativephosphorylation.



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1 Mark Questions(Very Important)

1. What is Cellular Respiration?A. Oxidation of food materials into CO2 and water in the presence of oxygen for the

production of energy is called respiration. As this process occurs in the cell is calledcellular respiration.

2. How citric acid is formed?A. In krebs cycle when acetyle co-enzyme-A is attached to foru carbon compound oxalo

acetic acid and formed a six carbon compound citric acid.

3. What is oxidative phosphorylation?A. Adecive di phosphate is combined with inorganic phosphate and for adenocine try

phosphate. This process is called phosphorylation. As this process occurs in thepresence of oxygen hence it is called oxidative phosphorylation.

4. What is Fermentation?A. Glucose is incompletely oxidized into Ethyl alcohol and carbondioxide is fermentation.

Glucose Ethyl Alcohol + CO2

5. What is Glycolysis?A. Glyco = Sugar; Lysis = Breaking down

Glucose is oxidised into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid is called Glycolysis. It is take placein cytoplasm of the cell.

6. What is electron transport?A. During Glycolysin and kerbs cycle some electrons are expelled these electrons are

carried by electron acceptors and reached to oxygen and formed to water is calledelectron transport.

7. What is krebs cycle?A. Oxidation of glucose into CO2 and water in the presence of oxygen is called krebs

cycle.

2 Marks Questions

1. What are the difference between Anaerobic respiration and Aerobic respiration?A.

Anaerobic Respiration1. Does not require oxygen2. Water is not produced. CO2 is

produced and compound likeethanol or lactic acid are formed

3. Very little amount of energy isreleased.

4. C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2+56

K.cal

Aerobic Respiration1. Requires oxygen2. CO2 and water are produced

3. Large amount of energy isproduced.

4. C6H12O6+6O26CO2+6H2O+686

K.cal

2. Write the differences between combustuion and Respiration?

3. What are the differences between photophosphorylation and oxidativephosphorylation?

A.

4. What are the Respiratory substrates? Give two examples?A. Substances which are oxidized in the body during respiration to produce energy are

called respiratory substrates. Ex: Carbohydrates and fats are the major examples for respiratory substares.

4 Marks Questions

1. Describe the structure of mitochondiraA. Mitochondria is a cell organelle present in the cytoplasm of ukaryotic cells. It is ovel,

sac, sphericle or tennis rocket like structure. It is a centre for cellular respiration during cellular respiration energy is generated in

the form of A.T.P., hence it is called power house of the cell. Mitochondira has two compartments. They are outer and inner compartments. Outer compartment is called membrane and it is consist of two layers. The outer

most layer is smooth and soft and inner most layer is gets several folding known as



combustion1. Heat is to be supplied to the sugar

molecules to burn.

2. Sugar first chars and later burnsproduce flame.

3. Energy released at once as heat.

4. No intermediate compounds areformed

5. Combustion occurs in the absenceof water

Respiration1. Heat is supplied for oxidation of

sugar molecules. The entireprocess temperature.

2. When sugar oxidize in the bodyenergy released without burning ofsugar molecule.

3. Energy released at several stageswithout burning carbon.

4. Several intermediate compoundsare formed

5. Oxidation occurs in presence ofwater.

Photo-phophorylation1. Synthesis of A.T.P. is the presence

of light is called photophosphorylation

2. It occurs in chloroplast.

3. It is seen in photosynthesis

Oxidative Phosphorylation1. Synthesis of A.T.P. in the presence

of oxygen is called oxidative -phosphorylation

2. It occurs in mitrochondria.

3. It is seen in respiration



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"cristae". On cristae there are head and tail like projections one present called elementary

particles The inner compartment of mitochondria is called matrix, which takes part a major

role in krebs cycle.

2. Write brief note on GlycolysisA. Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration. It is take place in cytoplasm of the cell.

Glyco means = Sugar; lysis means Breaking down.Dark reaction takes place in stroma of the chloroplast.

The convertion of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid is called Glycolysis. During Glycolysis glucose in react with phosphate and for glucose 6-phosphate.

Glucose + Phosphate Glucose 6 - Phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate is isomarized into frcutose 6-phosphate

Glucose 6-phosphate Frcutose 6-phosphate Fructose 6-Phosphate is combined with phosphate and form fructose 1, 6

biphosphate.Fructose 6-Phosphate + Phosphate Fructose 1, 6 - Biphosphate

Fructose 1, 6 - Biphosphate 2 pyruvic acid By the end of glycolysis 2 molecules of pyruvic acid is formed. During glycolysis 4 A.T.P. molecules and 2 NADH are formed.

3. Explain the krebs cycle?A. Kreb Cycle: Oxidation of glucose into CO2 and water is called kerb cycle.

Kreb cycle is takes takes place in matrix of mitochondria. It was discovered by sir Hans Kreb Oxygen required for Kreb Cycle. During glycolysis glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. During Kreb Cycle pyruvic acid is under goes to decarboxylation and form acetyle

co-A which contains 2 carbon atoms. Acetyle Co A is combined with a four carbon compound called oxalo acetic acid and



form citric acid which contains 6 carbon atoms. Citric acid is the first product ofkrebs cycle. hence krebs cycle is also called citric acid cycle.

At the end of kreb cycle 2 A.T.P. molecules and 8 NADH are formed.Krebs Cycle:

5 Marks QuestionsVery Important Diagrams

1. Structure of Mitochondria



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Choose the correct Answers 101/2 = 5M1. Oxidation of glucose is reffered as [ ]

a) Glycolysis b) Phosphorylationc) Neutralization d) None

2. The transfer of phosphate group in the presence of oxygen is refered to [ ]a) Photophospharylation b) Oxidative Phosphorylationc) Glycolysis d) Metabolism

3. The total number of A.T.P. are formed during aerobic -Respiration are [ ]a) 40 A.T.P's b) 38 A.T.P.'sc) 4 A.T.P.'s d) 10 A.T.P.'s

4. The net gain of A.T.P.'s in Aerobic Respiration [ ]a) 4 A.T.P's b) 2 A.T.P.c) 10 A.T.P. d) 38 A.T.P's

5. The total number of A.T.P. molecules are formed during anaerobic respiration are: [ ]a) 10 A.T.P. b) 8 A.T.P.c) 2 A.T.P. d) None

6. The gain of A.T.P. molecules in Glycolysis are [ ]a) 4 A.T.P. b) 2 A.T.P.c) 40 A.T.P. d) 38 A.T.P.

7. Elementary particles are otherwise known as [ ]a) F1 capsules b) Oxisomes

c) A & B d) None8. Glycolysis takes place in [ ]

a) Mitochondria b) chloroplastc) cytoplasm d) nucleus

9. Krebs cycle takes place in [ ]a) cytoplasm b) Membrane of mitochondriac) Matrix of mitochondria d) Chloroplast

10. One mollecule of pyruvic acid is oxidised and gives how many A.T.P. mollecules? [ ]a) 1 A.T.P. b) 2 A.T.P.c) 4 A.T.P. d) 8 A.T.P.

11. The result product of fermentation [ ]a) Glycerol b) ATPc) FADH2 d) Alcohol

12. Number of calories of energy given by each A.T.P. [ ]a) 2,700 cal b) 7,200 calc) 2,500 cal d) 7,300 cal

13. Number of k.cal of energy released during anaerobic respiration is [ ]a) 686 k.cal b) 586 k.calc) 56 k.cal d) 41 k.cal

14. Number of k.cal of energy released during aerobic respiration is [ ]a) 51 k.cal b) 57 k.calc) 586 k.cal d) 686 k.cal

15. For the oxidation carbohydrates should be in the form of [ ]a) starch b) Cellulosec) Fats d) Glucose



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KEY1. A, 2. B, 3. A, 4. D, 5. B, 6. B, 7. A, 8. C, 9. C, 10. A, 11. D, 12. B, 13. C, 14. D, 15. D

Fill up the blanks1. The second stage of anaerobic respiration is ______2. Second stage of aerobic respiration is ______3. In the absence of oxygen glucose is converted into ______ and ______4. Glycolysis takes place in ______5. ______ is required for synthesis of carboydrates proteins fats and nucleic acids.6. Elementary particles are present in ______ of Mitocondria.7. Mitochondria is also known as ______8. 1 NADH oxidised and gives ______ number of A.T.P.'s9. ______ is the end product of Glycolysis10. ______is the first product of kreb's cycle

KEY1. Fermentation2. Kreb's Cycle3. Ethyle Alcohol and CO24. Cytoplasm of the cell5. A.T.P.6. Outer compostment7. Power house of the cell8. 3 A.T.P.9. Pyruvic Acid10. Citric Acid

Match the following

Set - IGroup A Group B1. Respiration ( ) a) Breaking down of glucose2. Glycolysis ( ) b) Alcohol3. Fermentation ( ) c) Synthesis of carbohydrates4. Clostridium ( ) d) Oxidation of food5. A.T.P. ( ) e) Pyruvic acid

f) Starchg) Bacteria

Set - IIGroup A Group B1. Mitochondria ( ) a) 4. Carbon atoms2. Sirhans krebs ( ) b) 6. carbon atoms3. Oxaloacetic acid ( ) c) 7200 calories

4. citric acid ( ) d) Power house of cell5.Energy in A.T.P. ( ) e) NADH

f) Kreb's cycleg) FADH2

KEY

Set - I1. D, 2. A, 3. B, 4. G, 5. C

Set - II1. D, 2. F, 3. A, 4. B, 5. C



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respiration

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