respiratory system
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture 7Physiology of Respiratory System
By Dr: Nassar Ayoub (Sohage Univers.)
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Respiration• Pulmonary ventilation
– Breathing- air movement in and out of body• External respiration
– Oxygen loading and Carbon dioxide loading• Respiratory gas transport
– Gases transported via bloodstream• Internal respiration
– Exchange between capillaries and tissue cells
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Breathing• Inspiration
– Diaphragm flattens creates a vacuum pulling air into the lungs
• Expiration– Muscles relax and
push air out of the lungs
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
• Tidal Volume (TV)- volume of air moved into and out of the lungs each breath
• Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)- amount of air you can forcibly be taken in
• Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)- amount of air that can be forcibly expelled
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
• Residual Volume- air that cannot be expelled from the lungs
• Vital capacity (VC)- total amount of exchangeable air TV + IRV + ERV
• Dead Space volume- the amount of air that doesn’t make it to the lungs in a breath
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External Respiration
• Gas exchange at the lungs
• Oxygen into blood and CO2 removed from blood
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Gas Transport in the Blood• Oxygen forms
oxyhemoglobin with hemoglobin molecules
• CO2 in transported via bicarbonate in plasma
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Internal Respiration• Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells• Oxygen unloaded and CO2 loaded
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Hypoxia• Inadequate supply of oxygen to the body tissues• Causes skin to become cyanotic
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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning• CO binds to the binding site that oxygen
binds to on hemoglobin preventing gas transport of oxygen
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Respiratory Terms
• Eupnea- normal respiratory rate
• Hyperpnea- increased respiratory rate (exercising)
• Apnea- stopped breathing
• Dyspnea- difficult breathing
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Hyperventilation
• Body’s reaction to increased levels of carbon dioxide or acids in blood
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Smoker’s Lungs Versus Healthy Lungs