RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

Gas Exchange (pick-up O2, eliminate CO2)Filter, Warm & Humidify AirProtectionSpeechRegulate pH

RESPIRATORY SYTEM ORGANIZATION

Upper Respiratory Tract (Outside Thorax)- Nose- Pharynx

Lower Respiratory Tract (Inside Thorax)- Larynx- Trachea- Bronchial Tree- Lungs

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Nose- External Nares/Anterior Nasal Aperture

(nostril)- Nasal Cavity

* Hairs, Mucus (Trap Debris)* Mucosa (Warm, Moisten)* Cilia (Transport)* Nasal Conchae Bones (Turbulence)* Olfactory Receptors (Smell)* Tear Drainage

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT continued

- Paranasal Sinuses (4)* Spaces in Bone* Lined with Mucous Membrane* Empty into Nasal Cavity* Light Bone, Resonation

- Internal Nares/Posterior Nasal Aperture

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT continued

Pharynx (Throat)- Between Nasal Cavity & Larynx- Passageway for Air & Food

- 3 Divisions:* Nasopharynx* Oropharynx* Laryngopharynx

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT continued

- Protected by Tonsils:* Pharyngeal Tonsil (“Adenoids”,

Nasopharynx)* Tubal Tonsils (Nasopharynx, Entrance

to Auditory Tubes)* Palatine Tonsils (Oropharynx)* Lingual Tonsils (Oropharynx)

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Larynx (Hyoid Cricoid Cartilage)- 2 Functions:

*Keep Movement of Food & Air Separate

*Provide Sound for Speech- Glottis

*Slit-like Opening into Larynx*Produces Speech with Vocal Cords

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT continued

- Cartilages:*Epiglottis

Covers Glottis (opening of larynx)Prevents food from Entering Trachea

*Thyroid (“Adam’s Apple”)*Cricoid (Inferior, Encircles Vocal

Cords)

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT continued

Trachea (“Windpipe”)- “C”-Shaped Tracheal Cartilage Prevents

Collapse- No Cartilage Posterior, Allows Swallowing

Bronchial Tree- Branching Airway- Carina (Ridge at Bifurcation of Trachea)- Supported by Cartilage

LUNGS

Paired (“spongy”) OrgansSurfaces

- Apex (Superior extension, above clavicle)

- Hilum (Vertical slit on medial surface)- Cardiac Notch (Recess on left lung)- Base (Inferior, rests on diaphragm)

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT/Lungs continued

Located in thoracic cavity, lateral to heart, superior to diaphragm

Protected by pleura (serous membrane)- Visceral (inner, covers lung surface)- Parietal (outer, lines thoracic cavity)

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT/Lungs continued

- Lobes* Right Lung - 3 Lobes: Superior, Middle,

Inferior* Left Lung - 2 Lobes: Superior, Inferior

- Fissures* Horizontal Fissure (Between Superior & Middle

Lobes, Right Lung)* Right Oblique Fissure (Middle & Inferior)* Left Oblique Fissure (Superior & Inferior)

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT/Lungs continued

- Alveoli* Microscopic, Membranous Air Sacs* Functional Unit of Lungs, Main Site of

Gas Exchange Between Respiratory & Circulatory Systems (by diffusion)

* Simple Squamous E.T.* Surfactant Reduces Surface Tension,

Prevents Collapse