respiratory system functions 1.moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.removes...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Respiratory system
Functions
1. Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body.
2. Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body
![Page 2: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why we need oxygen?
• The chemical reactions that produces energy inside the cells require oxygen.
Oxygen and Glucose are transported to the cells by the Circulatory system to produce energy
![Page 3: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is respiration?
• The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions to release the energy.
• It produces carbon dioxide and water.
![Page 4: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHY WE NEED O2
![Page 5: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Breathing?
• Is the process in which air flows into and out of the lungs
![Page 6: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How do you breathe?
• The brain is in control
• Internal stimuli indicates how much O2 your body needs.
![Page 7: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The process of breathing
• Muscle of breathing: diaphragm
• A large dome shaped muscle at the base of your lungs.
• When you – inhale or breath in the
diaphragm moves downward
– Exhale or breath out the diaphragm relax
![Page 8: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How does the air travel and get into your body?
• The air travels from the outside environment to the lungs:
• Nose or Mouth
• Pharynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Blood Stream
![Page 10: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pharynx• The air moves from
the nose into the throat
• The food from the mouth moves to the throat because is part of the digestive system
![Page 13: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nose
• Two openings or nostrils, separated by a thin wall.
• The lining of the nose is coated with cilia and mucus.
• Trap particles and warm and moisten the air. Why?
![Page 14: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
trachea
• The wall of the trachea is made of cartilage rings.
• Why?• Trachea wall is lined
with cilia and mucus• Epiglottis prevents the
food to come inside the lungs
![Page 15: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bronchial tube
Large tubular structures within the lungs. These carry air into the lungs from the trachea. They branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles
![Page 16: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bronchiole
• The first airway branches that no longer contain cartilage. They lead to the alveoli.
![Page 17: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Alveolus
• Tiny sacs of lung tissue whose structure specializes in exchanging gases (CO2 and O2)between the air and the blood
• The alveolus are surrounded by capillaries.
![Page 18: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
O and CO2 exchange• The blood coming from
the heart to the lungs is carrying a lot of Carbon dioxide and little Oxygen.
• Inside the alveoli the hemoglobin in your red blood cells attaches the Oxygen and at the same time is getting rid of the CO2
![Page 19: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Larynx
• Also called the voice box
• An organ in mammals involved in protection of the trachea and sound production
![Page 20: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Vocal cords• Folds of connective tissue that produce
your voice
• Are stretched across the opening of the larynx. Vibrate to produce sound.
![Page 21: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lungs
• Inside the lungs, each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes
![Page 22: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Diaphragm• it contracts, it pushes
downward and spreads out, increasing the vertical dimension of the chest cavity and driving up abdominal pressure
• dome-shaped sheet of muscle that inserts into the lower ribs.
![Page 23: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pleura
• A membrane which folds back upon itself to form a two-layered, membrane structure that surrounds the lungs.
![Page 24: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Breathing and Homeostasis
• Homeostasis– keeping the internal environment of the
body balanced
– need to balance O2 in and CO2 out
– need to balance energy (ATP) production
• Exercise– breathe faster
• need more ATP
• bring in more O2 & remove more CO2
• Disease– poor lung or heart function = breathe faster
• need to work harder to bring in O2 & remove CO2
O2
ATP
CO2
![Page 26: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Respiratory system conditions
• Asthma
![Page 27: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• interactive system
• Tutorial
• label the parts
• Lungs
• Respiratory rap
• Respiratory system song music with the students to sing along
![Page 28: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Optimizing gas exchange• Why high surface area?
– maximizing rate of gas exchange
– CO2 & O2 move across cell membrane by diffusion
• rate of diffusion proportional to surface area
• Why moist membranes? – moisture maintains cell membrane structure– gases diffuse only dissolved in water
High surface area?High surface area!Where have we heard that before?
![Page 29: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Gas exchange in many forms…
one-celled amphibians echinoderms
insects fish mammals
endotherm vs. ectothermsize
cilia
water vs. land ••
![Page 30: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Evolution of gas exchange structures
external systems with lots of surface area exposed to aquatic environment
Aquatic organisms
moist internal respiratory tissues with lots of surface area
Terrestrial
![Page 31: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Gas Exchange in Water: Gills
![Page 32: Respiratory system Functions 1.Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf7d1a28abf838c84642/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Counter current exchange system
• Water carrying gas flows in one direction, blood flows in opposite direction
just keepswimming….
Why does it workcounter current?Adaptation!