respiratory system - weeblynutrition therapy - interventions maintain optimal energy balance...
TRANSCRIPT
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Respiratory System
KNH 406
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Respiratory System
Nutritional status and pulmonary function are
interdependent
Macronutrients fueled using oxygen and carbon dioxide
Malnutrition can evolve from pulmonary disorders
And can contribute to declining pulmonary status
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Nutrition and Pulmonary Health
Protein-energy malnutrition
Antioxidants and lung function
Cigarette smokers
Early satiety, anorexia, weight loss, cough, dyspnea
during eating
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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Growth failure d/t decreased nutrient intake, increased
requirements, hypoxemia, delayed skeletal mineralization
and osteopenia
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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Treatment/Nutrition Therapy
Energy and macronutrient needs:
15-20% higher
120-130 kcal/kg/day or higher
Protein 3-4 g/kg/day
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamin A 1500-2800 IUs
Closely monitor electrolyte balance
Sufficient minerals for bone growth
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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Treatment/Nutrition Therapy
Mechanical ventilation
Nutrition support
May need fluid and sodium restriction
Specialty infant formulas
Breast milk preferred
Education and support to caregivers
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© 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD – progressive disease which limits airflow through
inflammation of bronchial tubes (bronchitis)
Primary risk factor – smoking
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COPD
Nutrition Therapy
Low dietary intake
Altered taste perceptions and appetite
Elevated REE
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COPD
Nutrition Therapy - Interventions
Maintain optimal energy balance
Overfeeding concern with ventilation
Glucose >5 mg/kg/min increases CO2 production
Commercial formulas - low CHO (30%) and higher lipid (50%)
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COPD
Nutrition Therapy - Interventions
Supplement antioxidants
Monitor serum phosphate
Monitor status of calcium and vit. D
Identify specific nutrition problems
Manage weight
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Cystic Fibrosis
Nutrition
Poor digestion, absorption, malnutrition d/t pancreatic
insufficiency
Abnormal growth
Risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis
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Cystic Fibrosis
Nutrition Assessment
National CF Foundation consensus guidelines
- nutrition guidelines
Special attention to poor growth:
Use growth charts – CDC
Timeline
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Cystic Fibrosis
Pancreatic enzyme therapy
Given with food and beverages
Individualized
Adequate kcal for normal growth based on weight gain
patterns
Higher fat intake (35-45% kcal)
MCT
Glucose intolerance common
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Cystic Fibrosis
Monitor vitamin & mineral status
Monitor sodium levels
Assess iron and zinc status
Recommend breast feeding
Developmentally appropriate recommendations
Formulas or nutritional supplements
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Respiratory Failure
Nutrition
Meet nutrition needs
Energy needs vary widely; may be hypermetabolic
Avoid overfeeding
Indirect calorimetry preferred method
Preserve and restore LBM; respiratory muscle mass
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Respiratory Failure
Nutrition
Maintain fluid balance
Facilitate weaning from ventilation
Specialty formulas available
EPA and GLA can reduce severity of inflammation
Supplementation with antioxidants
Phosphate supplementation