responding to a changing limate reshaping …. reshaping the coast ... but planning needs to start...
TRANSCRIPT
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5TH ANNUAL CAPE COASTAL CONFERENCE
RESPONDING TO A CHANGING CLIMATE Reshaping the Coast
David Kutner, New Jersey Future
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WHO WE ARE
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Nonprofit NGO promoting responsible land-use policies to: ■ Revitalize cities; ■ Preserve open space; ■ Keep housing affordable; ■ Encourage transportation choices
Mission
www.njfuture.org
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Who We Work With
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RISK ANALYSIS
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Risk Analysis – Purpose
Purpose: Evaluate vulnerability to likely hazards;
Prioritize those actions that most effectively reduce or avoid future loss.
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Risk Analysis – Process
1. Inundation Extent
2. Inundation Depth
3. Estimation of Exposure
NOTE: SLR projections from Rutgers University Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Extent Depth
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Current Day
Little Egg Harbor Township /Tuckerton Borough
This is not a “nuisance”
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2050 SLR
Little Egg Harbor Township /Tuckerton Borough
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2050 SLR + 1% Flood
Area Inundated LEHT ■ 2050 SLR : 31% + 1% storm: 55%
Tuckerton ■ 2050 SLR : 55% + 1% storm: 66%
Value Lost LEHT ■ 2050 SLR : 8% + 1% storm : 32%
Tuckerton ■ 2050 SLR : 30% + 1% storm : 50%
Little Egg Harbor Township /Tuckerton Borough
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PROJECT OBJECTIVES Sustainable & Resilient Coastal Communities
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Risk-based assessment of CAFRA Centers
Pilot a comprehensive planning approach that:
Responds to coastal hazards – reflects future risk
Protects coastal resources
Is replicable throughout the coast
Defines a predictable CAFRA permitting process
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WHY?
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New Jersey CAFRA Planning Areas
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CAFRA Centers
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CAFRA Centers
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Since 1978, one town we work with received NFIP payouts > 43 other states
Since 1978 New Jersey received more NFIP payouts than all but 2 states
NFIP is currently $23 billion in debt and 2016 was the third most expensive in NFIP history
Congress, re-insurance companies, bond rating agencies, and FEMA are evaluating how to manage financing risk in coastal communities
The Assessment Is Needed Because
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The Age of Innocence is So Over!
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DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS
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Evaluation Factors
Three Key Questions:
Where should change occur to avoid/minimize risk?
When should change be put into effect?
How can change be accomplished?
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WHERE?
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Little Egg/Tuckerton – Overlay Zones
FOUR ZONES
2050 MHHW, Zone 1
2050 10% Storm, Zone 2
2050 1% Storm, Zone 3
2050 0.2% Storm, Zone 4
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Zone 1 – Conservation
OBJECTIVE: Reduce exposure to sunny day tidal
flooding;
Prohibit or limit new development;
Shift/reduce existing development;
Minimize public investments
WHERE: All land seaward of 2050 MHHW line
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Zone 2 – Conservation
WHERE: All land within 2050 FEMA 10% flood zone, but landward of MHHW Line
OBJECTIVE: Reduce exposure to frequent/
severe flooding;
shift/reduce development
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Zone 3 – Manage Growth
WHERE: All land within 2050 FEMA 1% flood zone
OBJECTIVE: Limit exposure/reduce property
damage of existing and future development from coastal storms;
Enact more stringent flood protection requirements; increase NFIP compliance
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Zone 4 – Manage Growth
WHERE: All land within 2050 FEMA .02% flood zone
OBJECTIVE: Extend flood protection
requirements in areas not currently regulated
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WHEN?
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When To Implement Scenario
Wait for the next major storm/hurricane?
1.5 feet of sea level rise vs. current MHHW?
Ten-year intervals as master plan is reviewed and updated?
A pre-determined property valuation decline?
Combination of above? (variable timing at pre-determined thresholds)
BUT planning needs to start ASAP!
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HOW?
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HOW?
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Implementation Options
1. Disclose hazards
Point of sale
Government-issued public outreach and awareness
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2. Allow marshes to move
Conserve adjacent upland areas
Rolling easements
Minimize shoreline armoring
Implementation Options
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3. Build higher and drier
More stringent codes and ordinances (e.g. freeboard, setbacks, limit uses, modify SI/SD)
Implementation Options
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4. Restrict rebuilding
Limit building size/density
Target acquisitions
Minimize public investment
Implementation Options
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5. Move inland
Acquisition of development rights
Transfer of development rights
Implementation Options
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6. Finance Long-term investment
Finance long-term protection
Capital improvement plans
Special tax districts
Implementation Options
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MAKING IT HAPPEN
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Recommendations for State
State-level coastal commission, develop a long-term climate adaptation plan (create a Chief Resiliency Officer cabinet position)
Adopt consistent SLR projections to guide state, county, local planning
Factor SLR, surge and flooding into facility siting decisions - require counties and towns do the same (FFRMS)
Align state incentives to encourage and/or discourage development based on flood inundation risk factors
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Recommendations for Municipalities
Identify current vulnerabilities and future risks
Amend master plan to: incorporate overlay zones select implementation options determine triggering threshold
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HAVE WE LEARNED ANYTHING?
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How often do you observe evidence (flooding, erosion, road damage, etc.) of sea-level rise?
Lessons Learned
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When do you think residents will acknowledge there need to be changes in how our town develops?
Now After next major storm
Next master
plan update
Once SLR hits a
certain level
When prop. values
decline enough
Combination Never
Lessons Learned
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Thinking about yourself, are you ready now to consider changes in how your town develops?
Lessons Learned
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More Things We Learned
Municipalities aren’t capable of addressing climate impacts alone
Lack of shared understanding of risk hinders response
Connections to the shore are deep seated and not easily severed
Coastal communities are accustomed to tidal flooding
Efforts to alter development patters = property rights threats
Yes, BUT… AIR Worldwide report: value of property within 1% storm surge contour is $1.1 trillion
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“You’re not going to solve global problems or address global issues without being optimistic. If you don’t think you can do anything about it, you won’t.”
Questions?
David Kutner, [email protected]