Restoration & Enlightenment

1660-1798England

Page 516

Restoration & Enlightenment

• King Charles II invited to the throne after exile in France (Charles I had been executed)

• England turned away from the grim era of Cromwell’s Puritan rule (theaters were closed, entertainment suspended)

• Charles II brought with him the glamour and style of France

Restoration & Enlightenment

• 1665—Great Plague (100,000 dead)

• 1666—Great Fire of London (75% burned)

• King James II succeeded Charles II and attempted to install Roman Catholicism as the State religion

• James II was replaced by Protestant, Mary and husband William (College in VA—Educated 3 American presidents)

Restoration & Enlightenment

• 1702—Queen Anne took the throne• Scotland united with England—became

Great Britain• Queen Anne outlived all 16 of her children• Another 100 year war with France• George I, George II, George III (1760–

1820)—suffered from a mental illness (porphyria vampire-sunlight & garlic)-lost American Colonies

Restoration & Enlightenment

• 18th Century--Age of Reason • John Locke-Philosopher-Tabula Rasa (blank

slate) Nature –vs- Nurture debate• Isaac Newton—Father of Science (the most

influential man in history)• Farming and livestock methods improved• Displaced peasants who moved into the cities to

work in factories—industrial revolution

Restoration & Enlightenment

• Restoration—the return of the monarchy to England

• Enlightenment—the philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason

• Samuel Johnson (1755) published Dictionary of the English Language—40,000 words and definitions

Restoration & Enlightenment

• Great British authors of the R&E—

• Samuel Pepys (Diary)

• John Milton (Paradise Lost)

• Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe)

• Jonathan Swift (Gulliver’s Travels)

The Diary of Samuel Pepys pg.525

• Samuel Pepys

• Began diary at age 26 (continued for over 40 years) wrote over 1.2 million words

• Helped save the Navy office during the Great Fire of London

• Appointed as Sec of Navy—helped make England a major sea power

The Diary of Samuel Pepys pg.525

• Firsthand account of events that occurred over 300 years ago (1660-1669)

• Wrote in shorthand to ensure privacy of his thoughts

• Diary—writer’s personal day-to-day account of his or her experiences and impressions (personal and public)

The Diary of Samuel Pepys

• Informal Diary writing—Pepsy writes in sentence fragments, using participles only, ex. May 23…the King walking…his traveling…his sitting…”

• Samuel’s account of King Charles II coronation (restoration)

• Charles II account of his exile to France• Through six weeks of narrow escaped Charles

managed to flee England in disguise, despite a reward of £1,000 on his head, risk of death for anyone caught helping him and the difficulty in disguising Charles, who was unusually tall at over 6 feet (185 cm) high.

The Diary of Samuel Pepys

• Firsthand account of the Great Fire of London—1666

• Started in a Bakery on Pudding Lane, destroyed 13,000 homes, only 16 deaths

• Firefighters used fire-breaks to stop the fire; they blew up structures with gunpowder

• Helped end the plague by killing rats

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Daniel Defoe 1660-1731 pg. 583

• Ups and downs in business as a merchant

• Wrote controversial Political pamphlets

• Put in the pillory or stocks and pelted with flowers instead of rotten fruit

• Began writing novels in his late 50s.

• Robinson Crusoe was Defoe’s first Novel

Robinson Crusoe (pg. 566)

• Full title: The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner

• Published 1719

• First important English novel (New)

• Classic adventure story

• Written in the first person POV

• Ordinary people in extraordinary situations

Robinson Crusoe continued

• Based on true story of a shipwrecked sailor on a deserted island

• Although fiction, many believed it to be a true account

• RC is basis for comic books, movies and science fiction adventures

Robinson Crusoe continued

Crusoe learns valuable skills and lessons in his 28 year ordeal:

• Craft tools, carpentry, pottery, agriculture and animal husbandry

• Appreciates the moral and social values back home in England

• Rescues “Friday” from cannibals• Finally is rescued by passing ship which he

saves from mutineers

Castaway

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GULLIVER’S TRAVELS

• SATIRE--A literary technique in which behaviors or institutions are ridiculed for the purpose of improving society

• EXAMPLES: SNL, COMICS, CARICATURES, PARODIES

Examples of Satire

• “Weekend Update” from Saturday Night Live

• The Daily Show

• the movie Scary Movie

• the movies of Austin Powers

• most political cartoons in newspapers and magazines

• the songs of Weird Al Yankovic

Satire Today

SATIRE IN COMICS

CARICATURES

FANTASY

• Literature in which the limits of reality are purposely disregarded

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