restoration of the ecological integrity of the south ... · please submit the completed form to...

Restoration of the ecological integrity of the South Marmanet Forest for enhanced community resilience to climate change in Laikipia County, Kenya

Kenya | NEMA

1 April 2019

Please submit the completed form to [email protected], using the following name convention in the subject line and file name: “CN-[Accredited Entity or Country]-YYYYMMDD”

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..

Project/Programme Title:

Restoration of ecological integrity of the South Marmanet Forest for enhanced community resilience to climate change

Country(ies): Kenya

National Designated Authority(ies) (NDA):

National Treasury

Executing Entities: Accredited Entity(ies) (AE):

Kenya Forest Service, Safaricom PLC, Local Community Forest Association (CFA) National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)

Date of first submission/ version number:

2018/10/00[V.1)

Date of current submission/ version number

2019/03/29[V.2)

mailto:[email protected]

Simplified Approval Process CONCEPT NOTE Template V.1 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 1 OF 5

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A. Project / Programme Information (max. 1 page)

A.1. Project or programme

☒ Project

☐ Programme

A.2. Public or private sector

☒ Public sector

☐ Private sector

A.3. Indicate the result areas for the project/programme

Mitigation: Reduced emissions from:

☐ Energy access and power generation

☐ Low emission transport

☐ Buildings, cities and industries and appliances

☒ Forestry and land use

Adaptation: Increased resilience of:

☒ Most vulnerable people and communities

☒ Health and well-being, and food and water security

☐ Infrastructure and built environment

☒ Ecosystem and ecosystem services

A.4. Estimated mitigation impact (tCO2eq over lifespan)

The total forest area to cover is 2000 hactares to be done in 2 parallel phases.

A.5. Estimated adaptation impact (number of direct beneficiaries and % of population)

15000 households, 75,000 direct beneficiaries who are members of the community adjacent to the forest. There is another 1.4 million indirect beneficiaries

A.6. Indicative total project cost (GCF + Co-finance)

Amount: USD ____10 M with GCF providing $10M

A.7. Indicative GCF funding requested (max 10M)

Amount: USD ____10 M__

A.8. Mark the type of financial instrument requested for the GCF funding

☒ Grant ☐ Reimbursable grant ☐ Guarantees ☐ Equity

Other: specify___________________

A.9. Estimated duration of project/ programme:

a) disbursement period: 4years

A.10. Estimated project/ Programme lifespan

For Posterity, benefits will continue into perpetuity.

A.11. Is funding from the Project Preparation Facility needed?

Yes ☐ No ☒

A.12. Confirm overall ESS category is minimum to no risk1

☒ C or I-3

A.13. Provide rational for the ESS categorization (100 words)

The project seeks to restore ecological integrity of the south marmanet forest by afforestation and reforestation activities, introduction of alternative livelihood options and improved forest governance. The nature of proposed project activities will enhance environmental and social benefits to the community as the projects overall outcome is to restore access to Ecological services and improved livelihoods. The interventions which are largely tree planting activities in a gazzeted forest, pose no risks to cultural heritage, biodiversity, excessive use of natural resources neither does it lead to any pollution. Involvement of KFS, the lead agency on forestry sector, will provide the requisite technical competencies as stipulated in the gazzeted technical orders that

1 Refer to the SAP ESS Guidelines


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define species site matching. Moreover, in the long-term the project will generate benefits by optimising ecosystem services and goods provision to the communities along Ewaso Ng’iro river that traverses the region (7 counties - Laikipia, Meru, Samburu, Isiolo, Wajir, Marsabit and Garissa).

A.14. Has the CN been shared with the NDA?

Yes ☒ No ☐ A.15. Confidentiality2 ☐ Confidential

☒ Not confidential

A.16. Project/Programme rationale, objectives and approach of programme/project (max 100 words)

This project seeks to rehabilitate 2000 Ha of South Marmanent forest through a multi-stakeholder approach. The South Marmanet Forest Reserve is gazetted vide Legal Notice No. 44 as a forest reserve under Kenya Forest Service (KFS) with a total area of 3900.19 hectares. The forest is situated north-east of Nyahururu Town, in Laikipia County, Kenya. The forest is a key catchment of the Ewaso Ng’iro river that rises from Mt. Kenya and Aberdare ranges flowing through 7 arid/semi-arid counties (Laikipia, Meru, Samburu, Isiolo, Wajir, Marsabit and Garissa). The forest is severely degraded due to compounded reasons ranging from encroachment, weak governance, over exploitation, encroachment and inneffective non consultative approaches in managing forests. Over time the government of Kenya has significantly addressed issues on governance and management approaches, through the Forest conservation and management Act 2016. This Act provides a robust governance, effective management approaches and stronger institutions for managing sustainable conservation and management of forests. This framework in the Act presents enabling environment for restoration of forests ecological integrity. The existing gap is availability of resources, as government budgets cannot meet the costs of forests restoration due to competing needs in the country. Rehabilitation of Marmanet forest will greatly mitigate the effects of climate change on water availability across the entire EwasoNgiro Basin with a population of 1.4 Million people. This will be achieved through enhanced resilience and stabilised flow of Ewaso Ng’iro River and ensuring sustainable forest ecosystem and tree resource in the farmlands. The other direct climate outcome of the project is carbon sequestration. By the time the canopy starts interlocking, it estimated that the amount of carbon sequestered is 300 tonnes /Ha/Year. The project seeks to rehabilitate 2000 ha, therefore sequestering 600,000 tonnes per year of Carbon. By the year 2050, this forest will have sequestered over 18 million tonnes of Carbon. This directly contributes to Kenya’s NDC ambitions from the forestry sector. The project will adopt and implement Participatory Forest Management (PFM) approach as anchored in Forest Conservation and Management Act 2016. PFM is a multistakeholder approach to Forest Management which provides stakeholder engagement framework for consulting and involving forest adjacent communities, and other stakeholders. PFM also establishes community level governance structures namely Community Forest Associations (CFAs) whose role is over sighting community user rights and providing community forest scouting, thereby supplementing the efforts of forest rangers in enforcement. This model has been piloted in some forests, like Gathioro forest in Nyeri County and has demonstrated success in actualising sustainable community driven forest conservation and management. The executing entities for this project will be the Kenya Forest Service, the lead government agency in Forestry sector, Safaricom Kenya Ltd, and the local Community through the Community Forest Association (CFA). The local community through the

2 Concept notes (or sections of) not marked as confidential may be published in accordance with the Information Disclosure Policy (Decision B.12/35) and the Review of the Initial Proposal Approval Process (Decision B.17/18).

http://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/184476/GCF_B.12_32_-_Decisions_of_the_Board___Twelfth_Meeting_of_the_Board__8_10_March_2016.pdf/020edfa1-53b2-4abf-af78-fccf5628db2a

http://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/751020/GCF_B.17_18_-_Review_of_the_initial_proposal_approval_process.pdf/559e7b1c-7f34-44dd-9eff-8fa235714312


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South Marmanet Community Forest Association, will be engaged in the rehabilitation of the forest and in implementing activities including raising and planting of tree seedlings, maintenance and protection to ensure successful forest establishment. Women groups, schools and farmer associations will be involved in the on farm tree planting and management activities in the surrounding farmlands.

B. Project / Programme details (max. 3 pages)

B.1. Context and Baseline (max. 1 page)

Describe as relevant the climate vulnerabilities and impacts, GHG emissions profile, and mitigation and adaptation needs that the prospective intervention is envisaged to address. Kenya has lost about 40 % of its forest cover over the last 50 years due to competing land use, high demand for fuel wood energy, illegal encroachment, mega infrastructural developments, and weak forest governance. Lack of community engagement and awareness has significantly contributed to forest degradation. This has raised Kenya’s GHG emissions level, massive soil erosion, floods, and siltation of rivers, fluctuating of river flows, loss of biodiversity and loss of livelihoods. In kenya forests supports livelihoods by providing fuel wood energy, food, income through nature based enterprises, spiritual use, water, construction materials, herbal medicine and other cultural uses. Other ecosystem services from forests are wildlife habitats, nutrients cycling, air and water purification, carbon sequestration. This projects envisages to address the above adaptation needs, by restoring access to ecosystem services as listed above. Rehabilitation of 2000 ha of forests will sequestration of 18 million tonnes of Carbon by the year 2050 which contributes to Kenya’s NDC mitigation goal. Please indicate how the project fits in with the country’s national priorities, action plans and programs and its full ownership of the concept.

Kenya’s Constitution and Vision 2030 sets a minimum 10% national tree cover target. The forest Conservation and management Act 2016 mandates KFS to sustainably conserve and manage forests and allied natural resources towards attainment of the 10% forest cover. The agriculture Act promotes an integrated landscape management approach to support agroforestry. Specifically it provides farm forestry rules that are aimed at promoting and maintaining farm forest cover of at least 10% of every agricultural land, holding as a means of preserving and sustaining the environment in Combating climate Change and global warming. The Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan in thematic area three on forestry, promotes sustainable natural resources restoration, to move towards 10% tree cover. The Environment policy proposes measures to enhance conservation and management of ecosystems and sustainable use of natural resources. One of the key proposed measures is that the government formulates strategies to increase tree cover, empower communities in the management of forest communities, and support implementation of the forest laws and other related policies. The policy also provides for development of a national strategy for rehabilitation and restoration of degraded forests ecosystems and water catchment areas, with active community involvement and participation. The National Climate Change Action Plan 2018 to 2022, provides for a programme of work to replant forests 240000 Ha, of land that were previously forests.

Describe the main root causes and barriers (social, gender, fiscal, regulatory, technological, financial, ecological, institutional, etc.) that need to be addressed. Where relevant, please describe the key characteristics and dynamics of the sector or market. The social root causes attributable to degradation of marmarnet forest are community over dependence on forest as a source of livelihood, especially fuel wood leading to forest overexploitation, high poverty levels, population Increase, urbanisation and land tenure system. Further, communities negative attitude towards gazzeted forests, attributed to previous government approach on policing the forests contributed to neglect and lack of community support in forest conservation. Breakdown of traditional governance systems have seen change of behaviour and loss of regard and value on natural resources. The regulatory causes of degradation is largely the previous government policies which were oriented towards policing the forests, with little or no community involvement. This created an ownership and user rights crisis, as the community perceived the government as the owner of forests, losing the sense of responsibility to conserve the forests. Poor institutional


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arrangements contributed to poor forest management, as it’s only until the year 2005 that Kenya Forest Service attained autonomy to manage and conserve forests in the country. On the other hand commercialisation of forest products has been a key driver to overexploitation of forest resources, exacerbated by an environment of weak governance. Mining activities have contributed to forest degradation. Ecological root causes to degradation are prolonged droughts, unpredicted rainfall, and decline in soil fertility. Hazards, especially forest fires have also contributed to degradation. Poor planning and coordination among institutions in the former policy framework contributed significantly in the forest degradation. The existing barriers to restoration work are largely governance and management barriers. While the government has already put in place a policy and management framework; Forest conservation and Management Act 2016, full implementation has not been achieved due to resource constraints. Financial barriers relate to competing budget allocations in the government provisions with priority given to basic development commitments like health, education, security, have seen minimal allocation to forestry restoration programmes over time. Other financial barriers for restoration of marmanet are resource constraints in acquisition of certified seedlings, acquisition of skilled labour, acquisition of efficient equipments. There are also technological barriers including identification of species, availability of certified seedlings, and lack of modern surveillance equipment (drones), capacity for modern Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveillance technology.

B.2. Project / Programme description (max. 1 page)

Describe the expected set of components and activities to address the above barriers identified that will lead to the expected outcomes. Restoration of the South Marmanet forest will incorporate an inclusive gender-based restoration program that involves reforestation of the 2000ha of degraded landscape. Kenya Forest Service, Safaricom, the local Community Forest Association and other stakeholders in the landscape will establish a collaborative partnership to address the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. Component 1: Improved forest governance and technical capacities for forest management in Marmanet Strategic Activity Area 1)Support implementation of FCMA 2016 in Marmanet forest

Specific activities 1. Build capacity for implementation of Participatory Forest Management Approach 2. Strengthen community forest associations (CFAs) 3. Strengthen Forest Conservation Committee(FCC) 4. Enhance the Information and knowledge management system

Strategic Activity Area 2) Support implementation of applicable environmental regulations and Laws in Marmanet Forest

1. Support to enforcement of relevant EMCA regulatory provisions, 2. Support to development of CEAPs, SOEs, Sub catchment plans 3. Build capacity of CECs, WRUAs, and KWS 4. Support integration of adaptation planning, climate risks and vulnerability assessment in the

County planning Strategic Activity Area 3) Support implementation of devolved environmental and forestry functions

1. Build capacity for CECs, and environmental directorates/offices at the county level 2. Support Mainstreaming of climate change action in county planning 3. Support establishment of a climate change unit in the county as provided for in the Climate

Change Act 4. Support implementation of Transition Implementation Plans(TIPs)

Strategic Activity Area 4) Institutional strengthening 1. Technological Capacity support for KFS and related institutions (Equipments e.g for modern

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) surveillance technology) 2. Technical and human capacity support (for silvicultural operations, capacity for strategic

leadership and management, engendered community management, capacity for financial management)

Strategic Activity Area 4) Awareness Creation and Strategic communication 1. Support to strategic and targeted communication on FCMA 2016 2. Support to awareness activities on Climate and Forestry nexus 3. Targeted awareness creation on leveraging Climate Finance from Private Sector.


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4. Support to early warning systems. Components 2: Rehabilitation activities for restoration of Marmanet forest for enhanced ecosystem services Strategic Activity Area 1) Seedlings production for afforestation and re-afforestation

1. Identify and Map Community user groups for nursery establishment 2. Raise seedlings for rehabilitation and enrichment planting (Use of Certified seeds)

Strategic Activity Area 2) Phased out tree planting on targeted marmanet forest areas 1. Assessing the status of the forest for zonation in order to prioritize rehabilitation intervention

measures 2. Supervised tree planting exercises

Strategic activity Area 3) Scheduled silvicultural management 1. Monitoring and surveillance on aspects like survival counts, beating up,

Strategic Activity Area 4) Diseases and pest management 1. Monitoring and surveillance 2. Use of eco-friendly approaches

Strategic Activity Area 5) Support to Farm forestry 1. Identify and register private forest farmers 2. Provision of incentives for agroforestry and woodlots 3. On-farm tree growing and wood lot establishment 4. Provision of extension services/technical support to private farmers

Components 3: Enhanced sustainable livelihoods around the forest Strategic Activity Area 1) Promotion of climate adaptive technologies & diversification of community livelihoods

1. Installation of fish green houses to enhance fish production within the county 2. Installation of crop green houses as a strategy towards food security and agribusiness 3. Purchase and distribution of chicks to promote poultry farming as a strategy to food and

nutrition security as well as boosting households disposable income 4. Hydroponic units as a reliable and fast means of feed and fodder production 5. Purchase and distribution of Langstroth bee hives for bee farming 6. 7. 8. Purchase and distribution to target livestock farmers of seeds for feeds/fodder production 9. Dairy goats farming for nutrition and household income improvement 10. Establishment of cottage industries as an avenue for job/employment creation especially

among the youths 11. Installation of vermiculture units for production of organic fertilizer (both liquid and solid)

through vermicomposting process 1. Establishment of an all-inclusive eco-tourists platform (nature trails, salt lick, hippo view

point, zip line, camping facilities & bird watching). This will promote tourism activities within the county thus creating many job opportunities and associated economic growth

Strategic Activity Area 2) Shift Towards Clean & Renewable energy

1. Installation of biogas units (10m3) for household energy requirements and boost to agriculture through bio-slurry (rich organic fertilizer)

2. Installation of farm based sun-culture technology for water security and improvement of agricultural activities

3. Installation of energy saving jikos both at household and institutional level 4. Installation of motorised briquette making machines. These will reduce over-reliance on

fuel wood as a source of energy at household level 5. Promotion of household solar lamps/lanterns through purchase and distribution of the same

to low income targeted beneficiaries 6. Construction and operationalization of a county level climate smart centre of excellence

which will be used for technology transfer within the county and beyond 7. Supply and installation of schools solar systems in selected public schools within Laikipia

County without connection to the main grid. This will greatly contribute to supporting Government’s agenda on digital education system


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8. Promotion of farm based high value tree growing (macadamia, avocado & mangoes) through purchase and distribution of seedlings to targeted farmers

Components 4: Project Management

• Monitoring and evaluation of the initiatives

• Programme execution Please explain why this project or programme is ready for scaling up and having the potential for transformation. Has it been piloted in the country or region? Are the proposed interventions well documented for their costs and benefits? Participatory forest management is a successful model of implementation of forest restoration programmes in Kenya within the country. Forests like Gatuothoro and others have successfully been restored through implementation of Forest management and conservation Act of Kenya, which creates a platform for community engagement. There is a policy requirement for inclusive participation of stakeholders in forest management and decision making and the project has a strong opportunity to support upscaling of collaborative partnership of such engagement. Describe in what way the Accredited Entity (ies) is well placed to undertake the planned activities and what will be the implementation arrangements with the executing entity (ies) and implementing partners. The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), established under the Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act is the principal instrument of Government for the implementation of all policies relating to environment. NEMA has an elaborate administrative structure at both national and county levels. The national office is located in Nairobi while other 47 County Offices are situated in all counties across the country. Through these county branches, NEMA is already mainstreaming environmental governance and climate change in all counties. NEMA has been ISO Certified since 2011 and was re-certified in November 2015. As such, the Authority has documented its standard operating procedure (SOP’s) which has greatly improved its performance, There is an effective and efficient financial system guided by existing public financial tools and manuals, application of modern software as well as competent personnel with relevant expertise and competences. The Executing Entities who will be involved in this project are Kenya Forest Service (KFS), Safaricom, Community Forest Association (CFA) and National Environment Management Authority. KFS will provide the technical support, supervision and protection of the forest or trees planted in the area. The Community Forest Association (CFA) will provide the seedlings and labour for planting and maintenance and will be the direct beneficiaries of the livelihood initiatives to be derived from the forest Safaricom will support this intervention through their existing communication infrastructure, by disseminating information, creation of awareness and monitoring. To actualise this, safaricom will incoporate use of technology like drones, Short Messaging Services alerts. Towards creating market linkages for the livelihood interventions, Safaricom has an existing farmer based e-platform dig farm. DigiFarm is an integrated mobile platform that offers farmers convenient, one-stop access to a variety of services that decrease the cost and increase the quality of farm inputs, while enabling farmers to easily transact, learn and grow.It is anticipated that Safaricom, being a reputable market leader in innovation will attract strong stakeholder participation, including the private sector in conservation initiatives through the use of their elaborate communication and awareness network

Please provide a brief overview of the key financial and operational risks and any mitigation measures identified.


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Key financial and operational risks and mitigation Several financial and operational risk factors have been identified which may negatively affect project implementation and the achievement of desired results. Identified risks and proposed mitigation strategies are listed below:

Financial risks Financial risks that could occur may include weak internal controls at national and community project levels for financial management and procurement of goods and services during implementation. Mitigation measures for this is enbeddedin the institutional arrangement, as all financial management will be subject to NEMA controls and systems. NEMA already has a enterprise resource system for its busisness operations management , known as Navision that has appropriate checks and balances.A robust financial management system will be put in place to support all financial transactions in accordance to government regulations. In addition, both internal and external audits of all operations will be carried out and regular reporting done. It is also planned that regular community awareness and capacity building on fiduciary and social accountability will be carried out and open disclosure of project information will be the guiding principle.

Community disinterest in the project

Strong communication and awareness raising will be undertaken to ensure a complete involvement of the community.

Climate shocks, like prolonged drought.

Special mitigation measures to cope with shocks such as droughts and floods will be part of the project proposal so as to minimize the impact on project implementation.

Limited awareness and preparedness of communities and community associations

The project proposes capacity development and training initiatives for community members, community leaders and government authorities to accelerate adoption. NEMA has a proven experience of social mobilization in the country including the project area.

Political Risks: change of the Beneficiary Government Executive

The project will have a Project Implementation Committee based in the project area so that such changes, if any, do not have a strong impact on the progress of the project.

Delayed implementation Adequate operational and human capacity will be dedicated for the programme implementation..

Other risks would be delays in disbursement of funds to recipient communities for the support to implementation of the livelihood activities which would affect the timely execution of these activities. Mitigation measures would include direct disbursement of funds to community groups and capacity building for these groups on financial skills and reporting. Effective and efficient fund management systems are already in place that will adhere to existing public and private finance management systems and guidelines. Encroachment on the forest ecosystem by riparian communities will be mitigated through capacity building of the community forest associations as well as provision of alternative livelihoods that will take the form of labour provision, income from seedlings as well as other economic activities that are derived from forests. Robust grievance redress mechanisms with all inclusive institutional structure will be put in place to address all the complaints and encourage accountability at the community level. Enforcement of the Forest Act of 2016 will deter encroachment to the forest ecosystem. Another likely risks during the project period maybe occurrence of such natural disasters like fires and droughts since the area falls under the Arid and Semi-arid land of Kenya susceptible to these natural calamities. In case of forest fires occurring, the Executing Entity has the equipment and staff to fight the forest fires. The fires will be put out with minimal loss of biodiversity. The effects of droughts which can affect the survival rate for the planted seedlings will be addressed by the government using the existing guidelines and institutions like the National Drought Management Authority and by use of the water storage facilities which will be supported by the project to water the seedlings.


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B.3. Expected project results aligned with the GCF investment criteria (max. 1 page)

GCF investment criteria Expected impacts

Impact potential

• Combatting deforestation and forest degradation - the project will combat degradation and enhance biodiversity conservation of our primary forests. . This helps reinforce the benefits the communities derive from forests, including forest carbon stocks and livelihoods.

• Restoring forest landscapes helps enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation. The 2000 Ha is estimated to absorb an equivalent of 2,000,000 tonnes of carbon equivalent.

• Community involvement and livelihood - ensures community involvement in land-use and forest rehabilitation. This will create ownership of the project as well as direct benefits to the community from the forest. This will range from income from labor to economic initiatives that are derived from forests

• Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation the impact of forest as a carbon sink is well known and this project will help in offseting carbon emissions thus contributing to alleviation of climate change. The project is estimated to offset about 2,000,000 tonnes of carbon.

• Protection of water source – the forest is a source of Ewaso Nyiro which is a critical water source for about 1.4 million people in Kenya

• Protection of wildlife – South Marmanet hosts several wild animals who will be the biggest beneficiaries after the trees grow to maturity leading to ecotourism.

Paradigm shift The project is a unique partnership between government agencies and a private sector entity. The project will therefore leverage on the efficiency and innovativeness of the private sector grounded on the policies, structures and skills in government. This collaboration will provide lessons for future engagements with lessons learnt set to inform development of the institutional framework for pubic private partnerships in conservation efforts that is still largely unexplored.

The anticipated success of this project and lessons learnt will be upscale in rehabilitation of other forest ecosystems such as the Mau forest that also face similar threats.

A Monitoring & Evaluation Framework will be established to assess implementation and generate lessons which will be used to share knowledge and influence decision-making during and beyond the project cycle.

Sustainable development The communities will be supported to improve their livelihoods and enhance resilience to climate change. The communities largely depend on rain fed agriculture and hence are more prone to negative effects of climate change.

The project contributes to Sustainable Development and will respond to quite a number of sustainable development goals which include:

• SDG 6 – The forest is a source of Ewaso Nyiro river

• SDG 8 – Employment will be created for the community Forest Association Members at all levels of implementation

• SDG 13 – forest will act as a carbon sink alleviating climate change

• SDG 15 – life on land as the forest is rich in biodiversity as well as home of many plants and animals.

• SDG 16 – the rehabilitation of the degraded forest with the involvement of the communities will help in the reducing conflicts among


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communities who normally fight because of water and pasture scarcity. Marmanet is a source of Ewaso Nyiro river

Needs of recipients Project financing will go towards the implementation of Kenya’s medium term plans, the National Climate Change Action Plan - NCCAP which is anchored in Vision 2030 and comply with the 5.1 million Ha national commitment to the AFR100 and the Bonn Challenge. The targeted community is experiencing climate change impacts that sparked off the vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation. The livelihood initiatives proposed under this project and the participatory approach adopted will address poverty and also improve the environment.

Country ownership Kenya launched a National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) in 2010; and a National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) in 2013. The NCCAP emphasizes both mitigation and adaptation measures as priorities to curb climate change. It also emphasizes mainstreaming climate change in different sectors as well as private sector role in implementation of the programmes Forest rehabilitation is a priority programme currently spearheaded by KFS and the target is to have a 10% forest cover for the country.

Efficiency and effectiveness Kenya Forest Service and NEMA are government entities with both technical and logistical expertise in forest rehabilitation and ecosystem management. The two institutions will bring the much needed synergy in project implementation. Safaricom will bring the private sector experience in resource mobilization and use of technology in monitoring and evaluation of the proposed interventions. The community has coexisted with the forest for long and have the indigenous knowledge essential for successful conservation, protection and sustainable utilization of the forest.

B.4 Stakeholders engagement in the project or programme (max ½ page)

Please describe how engagement among the NDA, AE, EE and/or other relevant stakeholders in the country has taken place so far and what further engagement will be undertaken as the concept is developed into a funding proposal.

There have been discussions undertaken among the National Treasury, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Kenya Forest Service, Safaricom and Community Forest Associations over NEMA’s GCF programming work. Further engagement are planned to further refine the project scope and implementation framework Other actors such as civil societies, flower farms will be consulted during proposal development. The existing structures in the community including the County Environment Committee will play a critical role in resolution of grievances. In addition site grievance redress committee will be expanded to include all recognized structures at the project level. Involvement of Community Forest Associations will also play a role in conflicts resolution.

B.5 Monitoring and Evaluation and reporting plans (max ¼ page)

Please explain how the M&E will be conducted as part of the project or programme (routine and concurrent monitoring, interim and final evaluations, and annual reports)

A participatory monitoring and evaluation system will be put in place. This will include a quarterly monitoring system to identify planned outputs, achievements and challenges of technology up-take and diffusion. A mid-term evaluation and end of project evaluation will be undertaken. This will form a basis for lessons learnt and project replication. Monitoring restoration activities will be guided by pre-selected indicators such as seeds germination percentage, survival count, seedlings growth rate (height), planting spacing and tree management


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regimes such as pruning. Livelihood improvement activities such as bee keeping will be monitored by tracking the number farmers involved, their gender, their location and the quantities of honey harvested.

C. Indicative financing / Cost information (max. 2 pages)

C.1. Financing by components (max ½ page)

Please provide an estimate of the total cost per component and disaggregate by source of financing.

Component Indicative cost (USD)

GCF financing Co-financing

Amount (USD)

Financial Instrument

Amount (USD)

Financial Instrumen

t

Name of Institution

s

Improved forest governance in South Marmanent Forest

1,500,000 1,500,000

Reforestation activities for restoration of south Marmanet forest

4,000,000 4,000,000

Enhanced sustainable livelihoods around the forest

4,000,000 4,000,000

Project Management

500,000 500,000

Indicative total cost (USD)

10,000,000 10,000,000

For private sector proposal, provide an overview (diagram) of the proposed financing structure.

C.2. Justification of GCF involvement (max 1/2 page)

Explain why the Project/ Programme requires GCF funding, i.e. explaining why this is not financed by the public and/ or private sector(s) of the country. While the government has already put in place a policy and management framework; Forest conservation andManagement Act 2016, which provides for sustainable approaches for restoration of forests, full implementation has not been achieved due to resource constraints. Financial barriers relate to competing budget allocations in the government provisions with priority given to basic development commitments like health, education, security, have seen minimal allocation to forestry restoration programmes over time.This project requires GCF involvement in order to unlock the potential for marmanet forest as a significant carbon sink, and also a source of sustainable ecosystem services. Kenya’s forest cover has over the last few decades come under severe pressure from deforestation and forest degradation. The reduced forest cover has negatively impacted on other key economic drivers that are underpinned by forestry and the capacity of communities to adapt to climate change and more resources are required to scale up the interventions so that more community members benefit. Without the Green Climate Fund, the momentum of implementing Kenya’s Vision 2030, MTPs, and NCCAP will remain low due to competing requirement of resources from the National Treasury. With Green Climate Fund resources, there will be enhanced implementation of actions that bring positive impacts to community resilience and livelihoods in the targeted areas. Additionally, the focus onforests as a contributor to economic growth, resilience building and mitigating climate will be realized, leading to the realization of the aspirations of national climate change policies as detailed in the NCCAP. (current budgetary allocation in the forest sector vis avis the requirement)

C.3. Sustainability and replicability of the project (exit strategy) (max. 1/2 page)


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Please explain how the project/programme sustainability will be ensured in the long run and how this will be monitored, after the project/programme is implemented with support from the GCF and other sources.

Forests are known as a stabilising force for the climate. They regulate ecosystems, protect biodiversity, play an integral part in the carbon cycle, support livelihoods, and supply goods and services that can drive sustainable growth. The sustainability of this project will be achieved through community participation which is recognised by the Forest Act on Participatory Forest Management (PFM). The PFM is a model through which Community Forest Associations (CFAs) which are the localized forest governance structures as envisioned by the Kenya Forest Act operate in all forests in Kenya. This process will catalyse local ownership of the entire programme. In addition, the skills that the community will acquire through this programme will extend beyond the life of the project thus ensuring continued sustainability. Given the above structures, the project will easily be replicated in other gazetted forests across the country. Safaricom through its corporate strategy commits to deliver connectivity and innovative products (Goal 9) and services that will provide unmatched solutions to meet the needs of Kenyans by enabling access (Goal 10) through its technologies and partners and by exploring opportunities in Health (Goal 3), Education (Goal 4) and Energy (Goal 7). The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), is established under the Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act No. 8 of 1999 (EMCA) as the principal instrument of Government for the implementation of all policies relating to environment. EMCA 1999 was enacted against a backdrop of 78 sectoral laws dealing with various components of the environment, the deteriorating state of Kenya's environment, as well as increasing social and economic inequalities, the combined effect of which negatively impacted on the environment. The supreme objective underlying the enactment of EMCA 1999 was to bring harmony in the management of the country's environment. NEMA is the Accredited Entity with the Green Climate Fund – GCF. The above listed institutions have elaborate operational systems providing adequate implementation structure and monitoring capacities to ensure sustainability of the interventions proposed beyond the programme cycle. (For non-grant instruments, explain how the capital invested will be repaid and over what duration of time.)

D. Annexes

☒ Environmental and Social Safeguards screening check list (Annex 1)

☒ Map indicating the location of the project/programme (as applicable)

☐ Evaluation Report of previous project (as applicable)


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Annex 1: Environmental and Social Screening Checklist Part A: Risk Factors The questions describe the “risk factors” of activities that would require additional assessments and information. Any “Yes” response to the questions will render the proposal not eligible for the Simplified Approval Process Pilot Scheme. Proposals with any of the risk factors may be considered under the regular project approvals process instead.

Exclusion criteria YES NO

Will the activities involve associated facilities and require further due diligence of such associated facilities?

☐ ☒

Remarks/additional information, if any:

Will the activities involve trans-boundary impacts including those that would require further due diligence and notification to affected states?

☐ ☒


Will the activities adversely affect working conditions and health and safety of workers or potentially employ vulnerable categories of workers including women and children?

☐ ☒


Will the activities potentially generate hazardous waste and pollutants including pesticides and contaminate lands that would require further studies on management, minimization and control and compliance to the country and applicable international environmental quality standards?

☐ ☒


Will the activities involve the construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation of critical infrastructure (like dams, water impoundments, coastal and river bank infrastructure) that would require further technical assessment and safety studies?

☐ ☒


Will the proposed activities potentially involve resettlement and dispossession, land acquisition, and economic displacement of persons and communities?

☐ ☒


Will the activities be located in protected areas and areas of ecological significance including critical habitats, key biodiversity areas and internationally recognized conservation sites?

☒ ☐

Remarks/additional information, if any: The project activities will operate in a protected forst area where it seeks to enhance the capacity of the ecosystem to conserve biodiversity and restore the integrity of habitats.

Will the activities affect indigenous peoples that would require further due diligence, free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) and development of inclusion and development plans?

☐ ☒


Will the activities be located in areas that are considered to have archaeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical,

☐ ☒


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cultural, artistic, and religious values or contains features considered as critical cultural heritage?


Part B: Specific environmental and social risks and impacts

Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts

YES NO TBD

Has the AE provided the E&S risk category of the project in the concept note?

☐ ☐ ☐


Has the AE provided the rationale for the categorization of the project in the relevant sections of the concept note or funding proposal?

☐ ☐ ☐


Arethere any additional requirements for due diligence and management plans by the country (e.g., EIAs, EMPs, etc)?

☐ ☐ ☐


Are the identification and assessment of risks and impacts based on recent or up-to-date information?

☐ ☐ ☐


Labour and Working Conditions YES NO TBD

Will the proposed activities expected to have impacts on the working conditions, particularly the terms of employment, worker’s organization, non-discrimination, equal opportunity, child labour, and forced labour of direct, contracted and third-party workers?

☐ ☒ ☐


Will the proposed activities pose occupational health and safety risks to workers including supply chain workers?

☐ ☒ ☐


Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention YES NO TBD

Will the activities expected to generate (1) emissions to air; (2) discharges to water; (3) activity-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emission; and (5) waste?

☐ ☒ ☐


Will the activities expected to utilize natural resources including water and energy?

☒ ☐ ☐


Will there be a need to develop detailed measures to reduce pollution and promote sustainable use of resources?

☐ ☒ ☐


Community Health, Safety, and Security YES NO TBD

Will the activities potentially generate risks and impacts to the health and safety of the affected communities?

☐ ☒ ☐


Will there a need for an emergency preparedness and response plan that also outlines how the affected communities will be assisted in times of emergency?

☐ ☒ ☐


Will there be risks posed by the security arrangements and potential conflicts at the project site to the workers and affected community?

☐ ☒ ☐


Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement YES NO TBD

Will the activities likely require further due diligence and consultation to ascertain consistency with the ESS standard requirements ?

☐ ☒ ☐



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Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources

YES NO TBD

Will the activities likely introduce invasive alien species affecting the biodiversity of the area?

☐ ☒ ☐


Will the activities have potential impacts on or dependent on ecosystem services?

☐ ☒ ☐


Indigenous Peoples YES NO TBD

Will the activities likely to have impacts on indigenous peoples and communities?

☐ ☒ ☐


Will continuing stakeholder engagement process and grievance redress mechanism be integrated into the management / implementation plans?

☒ ☐ ☐


Cultural Heritage YES NO TBD

Will the activity hinder continuous access to the cultural heritage sites and properties?

☐ ☒ ☐


Will there be a need to prepare a procedure in case of discovery of cultural heritage assets or physical cultural resources?

☒ ☐ ☐


Sign-off: Specify the name of the person responsible for the environmental and social screening and any other approvals as may be required in the accredited entity’s own management system.


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The rivers flowing from the Marmanet forests provide water to fi ve major conservation areas: Lake Baringo, Lake Bogoria National Reserve, Samburu National Reserve, Buffalo Springs National Reserve, and Shaba National Reserve (Figure 11). In 2007, the entry fees alone in these fi ve conservation areas generated revenues in the range of Ksh. 100 - 200 million (GoK and UNEP 2008)

restoration of the ecological integrity of the south ... · please submit the completed form to...

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