Slide 1

RESTRICTION OF HEIGHTSIAL ASPECTICAO PANS-OPS surfacesUsed in the construction of instrument flight procedures.

Safeguard an aircraft from collision risk with obstacles when flying on instruments.

Infringement of PANS-OPS surfaces could raise the minimum safe altitudes of the aerodrome instrument flight procedures.

This could have an adverse effect on the regularity of aircraft operations.NOC ASPECTSAGA (Aerodrome&Ground Aids)

CNS (Communication, Navigation &Surveillance)

IAL (Instrument Approach Letdown)PurposeAGA- VFR Flights/Visual Approaches

CNS- Uninterrupted signal from CNS Aids

IAL- IFR Flights2/22/20135A series of predetermined manoeuvres

by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and

thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply.

1. What is IAL procedure? Basics..IAL Procedure are designed as per the criteria laid down in DOC 8168-Vol. II

Obstacle Clearance is the Primary consideration

Contingency Procedures are the responsibility of the operators

2/22/20136 Obstacle and Terrain DataAeronautical charts used:

Grid MapZoning Map30NM ChartAIP En-route chartChart showing significant obstaclesApproach ChartSurvey of India sheetsLatest NOC printout

2/22/20137IAL Cell, CHQ, AAI, New DelhiIAL Cell, CHQ, AAI, New DelhiIAL Cell, CHQ, AAI, New Delhi72/22/20138

Instrument Approach to Land (IAL) procedures

why are they required?

Basically to increase the operatability of an airport2/22/20139 Aerodrome Operating Minima

The weather limits of usability of an aerodrome for either Take-off or Landing expressed in terms of VISIBILITY OR RVR, AND MINIMUM DECISION ALTITUDE/HEIGHT.2/22/201310

Types of Instrument Approach ProceduresPRECISION APPROACHNON PRECISION APPROACHPRECISION ILS, MLS

NON-PRECISION VOR, VOR-DME,LLZ,NDB,SRA etc.DA IS CONSIDERED FOR PRECISION APPROACH

MDA IS CONSIDERED FOR NON-PRECISION APPROACHALTITUDE CONSIDERED FOR IAL

2/22/201313 Segments of IAPInstrument Approach Procedure segments:Arrival RouteInitial Approach SegmentIntermediate Approach SegmentFinal Approach SegmentMissed Approach SegmentIn addition, an area for Visual Circling is consideredPANS-OPS SURFACESMINIMUM SECTOR ALTITUDE (MSA)MINIMUM HOLDING ALTITUDE(MHA)MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDEINITIAL APPROACH ALTITUDEINTERMEDIATE APPROACH ALTITUDEOCA/H FOR STRAIGHT-IN & CIRCLINGMINIMUM IFR ALTITUDE

Clearances vary from 250 ft to 2000ft IAL OBSTACLE CLEARANCES250 FT- FINAL APPROACH

500 FT-INTERMEDIATE APPROACH

1000FT-REST ALL

2000FT- HILLY AREAS2/22/201316 Final Approach Segment Most critical and least flexible, identified firstAlignment and Descent for landing are accomplishedBegins at FAF/FAPTerminates at MAPtSegment for Straight-in and Circling Approach

2/22/2013178. Final Approach Segment - IMost critical and least flexible, identified firstAlignment and Descent for landing are accomplishedBegins at FAF/FAPTerminates at MAPtSegment for Straight-in and Circling Approach

2/22/2013189. Final Approach Segment - IIFor Straight-in approach the angle formed by the final approach track and runway centre line shall not exceed: 300 for Cat A/B aircraft150 for other categoriesMinimum Distance-the distance between runway threshold and the point at which final approach track intersects the runway centre line shall not be less than 1400MMOC: 295 Ft and 246 FtIAL Cell, CHQ, AAI, New DelhiIAL Cell, CHQ, AAI, New DelhiIAL Cell, CHQ, AAI, New Delhi182/22/20131910. FAT Alignment - I>= 1400MCat A/B < = 30Cat C/D/E = 1400MRunwayNDB/VORFAT