results3d

User's Guide

Results 3D

Version 2012

By Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

This publication and the application described in it are furnished under license exclusively to the licensee, for internal use only, and are subject to a confidentiality agreement. They may be used only in accordance with the terms and conditions of that agreement. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage/retrieval system, to any party other than the licensee, without the written permission of Computer Modelling Group. The information in this publication is believed to be accurate in all respects. However, Computer Modelling Group makes no warranty as to accuracy or suitability, and does not assume responsibility for any consequences resulting from the use thereof. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.

Copyright 1987-2012 Computer Modelling Group Ltd. All rights reserved.

The license management portion of this program is based on:

Reprise License Manager (RLM) Copyright 2006-2012, Reprise Software, Inc. All rights reserved

Results 3D, CMG, and Computer Modelling Group are registered trademarks of Computer Modelling Group Ltd. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Computer Modelling Group Ltd. Office #150, 3553 - 31 Street N.W. Calgary, Alberta Canada T2L 2K7

Tel: (403) 531-1300 Fax: (403) 289-8502 E-mail: [email protected]

User's Guide Results 3D Contents i

Contents

Using Results 3D 1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 1 Whats New in Results 3D ........................................................................................... 1

Whats New in the 2012 Release ..................................................................... 1 Whats New in the 2011 Release ..................................................................... 1 Whats New in the 2010 Release ..................................................................... 2

Starting Results 3D ....................................................................................................... 2 Customizing Toolbars, Menus and Theme ................................................................... 3 Opening a Simulation Result, Template or Workspace File ........................................ 4 Periodically Rereading the Simulator Output ............................................................... 5 Invoking Results Graph from Results 3D ..................................................................... 5

Interaction between Results Graph and Results 3D ........................................ 6 Opening Results Graph from the File Menu ................................................... 6 Plot Property versus Distance .......................................................................... 7 Plot Flow Property versus Depth (PLT) .......................................................... 9 Quick Plot Well ............................................................................................. 13 Quick Plot Property (or Special History on the Fly) .................................. 14

Closing Open Files ..................................................................................................... 14 Saving Files ................................................................................................................ 14

Saving a Template File .................................................................................. 14 Saving a Workspace File ............................................................................... 15

Exporting Data ............................................................................................................ 15 Exporting Grid Coordinates and Property Values ......................................... 15 Exporting to Meraks PEEP........................................................................... 16 Exporting Tables of Well Summary .............................................................. 17 Exporting Properties to a RESCUE Model ................................................... 19 Exporting a Work-over List ........................................................................... 20

Comparing Files .......................................................................................................... 20 Opening and Displaying Map Files ............................................................................ 21 Well Trajectories ........................................................................................................ 22

Importing Well Trajectories .......................................................................... 23 Trajectory Perforations .................................................................................. 24

Importing Well Logs ................................................................................................... 26

ii Contents User's Guide Results 3D

Streamlines ................................................................................................................. 27 Generating and Displaying Streamlines ........................................................ 27 Viewing the Streamlines Allocation Summary Report ................................. 30

Other Results 3D Operations ..................................................................................... 30 Calculating Synthetic Properties ................................................................... 30 Calculating Grid and Property Statistics ....................................................... 31 Finding Isolated Regions of a Grid ............................................................... 31

Closing Results 3D ..................................................................................................... 31

Changing Display Content and Setting 33 Overview .................................................................................................................... 33 Understanding the Parts of the Main Window ........................................................... 34

Displaying the X,Y Coordinates of a Point in the Reservoir ........................ 35 Displaying Crosshairs Centered on the Cursor ............................................. 35 Displaying the IJK Grid Block Address, Well and Sector Names ................ 35 Controlling the Contents of the Probe Display ............................................. 36

Viewing Properties ..................................................................................................... 37 Selecting a Property ...................................................................................... 37 Showing both the Matrix and Fracture Values for Dual Porosity Systems .. 37 Selecting the View Type and Plane Number ................................................ 38 Selecting Plane Number within a Refined Grid ............................................ 38 Selecting Block Fill, Contour Lines or Contour Fill ..................................... 39 Showing a Property as an Isosurface............................................................. 39 A Quick Way to Change to 3D View with Annotations Removed ............... 40 Full Screen View ........................................................................................... 40 Selecting a Time Display Format .................................................................. 41 Selecting a Time ............................................................................................ 42 Animating a Property for a Series of Times .................................................. 42

Changing Display Settings ......................................................................................... 43 Properties Dialog Box ................................................................................... 43 Selecting a Font Name, Style, Size and Color .............................................. 44 Selecting a Line Style, Thickness and Color ................................................ 45 Changing Displayed Titles ............................................................................ 45 Toggling the Display of the Grid, Map, and Wells ....................................... 46 Showing Well Status ..................................................................................... 46 Showing Bubble Plots of Well Values .......................................................... 47 Displaying Difference Bubble Plots.............................................................. 48 Showing Flux or Velocity Vectors ................................................................ 49

Selecting Wells for Display ....................................................................................... 49 Advanced Selection of Wells for Display ..................................................... 49

Results 3D & Builder User Preferences ..................................................................... 51

User's Guide Results 3D Contents iii

Moving and Resizing Display Objects ....................................................................... 52 Moving the Title, Info Box, Color Legend, and Map Scale .......................... 52 Resizing the Titles and Info Box ................................................................... 52 Resizing the Color Legend ............................................................................ 52 Resizing the Map Scale ................................................................................. 52 Resizing the Reservoir Viewport ................................................................... 52 Changing the Color Gradient Background .................................................... 53

Changing the Aspect Ratio and Scale ......................................................................... 54 Zooming, Panning, and Rotating the Reservoir .......................................................... 55

Zooming ......................................................................................................... 55 Panning (Moving) the Reservoir ................................................................... 55 Undoing a Zoom or Pan ................................................................................. 56 Rotating, Panning and Zooming the Reservoir in 3D .................................... 56

Improving 3D Graphics Performance ......................................................................... 57 Using Stereoscopic 3D ............................................................................................... 57 Selecting IJK Slabs and Regions ................................................................................ 59 Cutting Away Part of a Reservoir in 3D ..................................................................... 64 Modifying the Color Scale.......................................................................................... 66

Modifying a Linear or Logarithmic Color Scale ........................................... 66 Setting or Modifying a General Color Scale ................................................. 68 Saving Color Scale settings in preferences.................................................... 70 Modifying Ternary Color Scale ..................................................................... 70

Printing and Saving Images ........................................................................................ 71 Changing the Selected Printer and Paper Size ............................................... 72 Printing the Current View.............................................................................. 72 Specifying Bitmap Resolution in 3D Printing ............................................... 73 Saving the Current View as an Image File .................................................... 73 Saving a Time Animation Sequence of Image Files ...................................... 74 Improving the Quality of Saved Images ........................................................ 75

Creating AVI Movie Files .......................................................................................... 75 Working With Multiple Views and Documents ......................................................... 76

Opening a Second View ................................................................................ 76 Switching Between Views ............................................................................. 77 Synchronizing Views ..................................................................................... 77 Opening Additional Simulation Result (SR2) Files ...................................... 77

Interactive Block Selection (3D only) ........................................................................ 78 Docking Tools (3D only) ............................................................................................ 79

Selection ........................................................................................................ 79 3D Properties ................................................................................................. 79 Wells .............................................................................................................. 80 Statistics ......................................................................................................... 81 Opening and Closing Docking Tools ............................................................ 82

iv Contents User's Guide Results 3D

Formula Manager 83 Overview .................................................................................................................... 83 Formula Manager Dialog Box .................................................................................... 84 General Rules and Guidelines .................................................................................... 86

Terms ............................................................................................................. 86 Operators ....................................................................................................... 86 Formula Syntax ............................................................................................. 88 IF Blocks ....................................................................................................... 88 Other .............................................................................................................. 88

Using Formula Manager ............................................................................................. 89 To create a formula ....................................................................................... 89 To view a formula ......................................................................................... 91 To edit a formula ........................................................................................... 91 To copy a formula ......................................................................................... 92 To delete a formula ....................................................................................... 93

Creating Maps 95 Overview .................................................................................................................... 95 Points Tab ................................................................................................................... 96 Faults Tab ................................................................................................................... 97 Methods Tab ............................................................................................................... 97

Inverse Distance Estimation .......................................................................... 98 Ordinary Kriging (OK) Estimation ............................................................... 98 Ordinary Kriging with Secondary Variable .................................................. 99 Trend Method .............................................................................................. 101 Gaussian Geostatistical Simulations ........................................................... 101 Gaussian Geostatistics with Secondary Variable ........................................ 102

Mesh Tab .................................................................................................................. 102 Variogram Matching ................................................................................................ 103

Lack of Sufficient Pairs ............................................................................... 103 Number of Pairs .......................................................................................... 104 Lag Tolerance .............................................................................................. 104 Instability ..................................................................................................... 107 Trend ........................................................................................................... 108 Search Radius .............................................................................................. 108 Normal Score Transform ............................................................................. 109 Adjusting Variogram Parameters ................................................................ 109

Weighting Examples ................................................................................................ 111 Inverse Distance Method ............................................................................. 111 Trend Estimation Method ........................................................................... 112 Variogram Range (Kriging Method) ........................................................... 113

User's Guide Results 3D Contents v

Variogram Anisotropy (Kriging Method) ................................................... 114 Variogram Nugget (Gaussian Geostatistical Method)................................. 115 Search Radius (Gaussian Geostatistical Method) ....................................... 116

References................................................................................................................. 116

User's Guide Results 3D Using Results 3D 1

Using Results 3D

Overview Results 3D lets you select either a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) view of a reservoir simulation grid for onscreen viewing and printing. You can display any of the grid properties output by the simulator at any of the output times. You can also overlay a contour map over the grid property display. Results Graph can be invoked directly from Results 3D. You can have several 2D or 3D views open and one Graph View. Methods of invoking Results Graph from Results 3D will be discussed in Invoking Results Graph from Results 3D. For more information on changing the Results Graph display, refer to the Using Results Graph section in the Results Graph Users Guide. The display and printing control features are common to both Results 3D and Builder. These are explained in Changing Display Content and Setting. This initial section will explain those features specific to Results 3D.

Whats New in Results 3D Whats New in the 2012 Release

1. A new Formula Manager allows you to: Create, edit and delete a formula. View and interact with all formulas from all open .3tp files. Copy a Spatial-Property formula within or between Results 3D .3tp files.

Refer to Formula Manager for further information.

Whats New in the 2011 Release There are no new features in the 2011 Release.

2 Using Results 3D User's Guide Results 3D

Whats New in the 2010 Release 1. The option to update the results while the simulation is running has been added to

Results 3D. It is possible to update the results on a periodic basis, or on demand. Refer to Periodically Rereading the Simulator Output for more information.

2. Results 3D now supports multi-selection when opening files. 3. In Builder and Results 3D, new functionality has been added in the formulas

dialog which allows spatial properties to be calculated based on the values in neighboring blocks.

4. In Results 3D and Results Graph, the user will have the option of creating a *.tsdata file when opening simulation results (*.irf) files. The *.tsdata file caches time series data in a form that makes subsequent accesses much faster. Refer to the section Results 3D & Builder User Preferences for more information.

5. The Property vs. Distance dialog box has been updated to allow users to use a Flex Well for the data path. This feature is only available for STARS-based simulation results.

6. If sectors exist in the results file you have open, a Property vs. Distance plot can be created which uses the values in a particular sector for the data path. Based on grid depth, the average property value in the sector chosen will be plotted.

Starting Results 3D To start the Results 3D module: Click the Results 3D icon in the CMG Technologies Launcher, or drag and drop a file with the extension .irf or .3tp (.grid for CHEARS output) onto the Results 3D icon.

The main Results 3D window appears. The features that you will use most often are available on the toolbar in the upper section of this screen. At the bottom of the screen is a status bar. A dockable Mode toolbar is on the left-hand side.


Customizing Toolbars, Menus and Theme Results 3D allows you some customization of the work environment. You can drag toolbars and menus and position them anywhere within your working environment. This permits you to have more screen space when viewing your reservoir. Results 3D will remember the locations of the toolbars and menus between sessions. So next time you open Results 3D, the different items will appear in their last position when Results 3D was closed. You are also able to change the theme used to color the Results 3D main window. Click View | Theme to select a new theme. The selected theme is also remembered between sessions.


Opening a Simulation Result, Template or Workspace File To open a binary simulation output file or template file:

1. Select File | Open on the main menu. The standard file selection dialog box appears with the filter *.irf and *.3tp in place. (If you are using Chevrons CHEARS simulator, change the Files of Type selection box to show *.grid files.) Files with the extension *.irf are the index results file (one of the two files comprising an SR2 output file from the simulator). Files with the extension *.3tp are template files produced during a previous run of Results 3D.

2. In the directory tree view, select a directory. 3. In the file list, select a file. Your selection appears in the File name box. You can

also open multiple files by multi-selecting them with the CTRL key. 4. Click Open to accept your selections, or click Cancel to cancel your selections. 5. If you open a template file, a dialog box will appear asking you to confirm the SR2

file to use with the template:

6. Click OK to use the same SR2 file as was used to create the template, or click the

Change button to change the SR2 file. With Results 3D, you can open more than one SR2 file or template file at the same time. A second or subsequent file may be opened following the above procedure. Refer to Working With Multiple Views and Documents for more information. A workspace file is a convenient file which holds multiple 3tp files and optionally one Graph session file. You can create this file after opening several irf or 3tp files and selecting File | Save Workspace or Save Workspace As. If you open a workspace file, step 5 will be repeated multiple times. Only one workspace file can be opened at any one time. You have to close the current workspace file to open another one.


When the SR2 file is opened, a file with the same base file name and the extension of tsdata will be created automatically if the file loading time is longer than the default of 10 seconds. This file will significantly reduce the subsequent loading time of the same SR2 file. However, this option slightly increases the loading time the first time you open the file and it occupies additional disk space. If you never open the same SR2 twice, then this option is not beneficial and can be disabled through File | Results 3D & Builder Preferences (refer to Results 3D & Builder User Preferences for more information). You can also change the minimum loading time required to create the tsdata file in the Results 3D & Builder Preferences dialog box.

Periodically Rereading the Simulator Output If the SR2 files you are viewing are still being updated by the simulator, you can choose to let Results periodically re-read the SR2 files automatically by selecting Periodically Re-Read Simulator Output from the File menu. This option allows you to see the current state of the reservoir when the simulator is running so that you can decide whether to stop the simulator or not.

If you do not want the updates to occur on a periodic basis, it is also possible to update the results of a simulation file being run by selecting File | Re-read Simulator Output Now. After the update has been performed, you will see the time scale slider update to include any new dates or times that have been simulated. Note: Periodic update is not available when a session (.ses) and template (.3tp) file are open at the same time.

Invoking Results Graph from Results 3D Once you have opened a Results 3D view, you can directly open a Results Graph view of the same simulation output file. There are a number of convenient plotting features available from Results 3D:

Select File | Open Results Graph. Select View | Plot Property vs. Distance. Select View | Plot Flow Property vs. Depth (PLT). This option can also be

selected by right-clicking in the view area and selecting the same option from the context menu.


Right-click a well and then select Quick Plot Well from the context menu (a convenient method of plotting typical properties for a specific well).

Right-click in the view area and then select Quick Plot Property from the context menu (a convenient way to plot the currently displayed Results 3D property for a specific block).

Each option will present you with the choice of loading an existing session file if one exists whose base name matches the current template document. If none exists or you do not want to load an existing session file, a blank Results Graph view will be created. For more information, refer to Interaction between Results Graph and Results 3D.

Interaction between Results Graph and Results 3D While working in Results 3D, you can launch Results Graph by selecting File | Open Results Graph. Similarly, while working in Results Graph, you can launch Results 3D by selecting File | Open Results 3D. To facilitate working on projects, Results will search the current directory to see if a session or template file matches the name of the active document. If one exists, you will be presented with the option of loading it. If you choose not to load it, a blank session or template will be created with a default name based on the simulation results file. If no matching file is found, a blank session or template with the same base name as the current document will be created. For example, if you are working in a template called MyProject.3tp which is based on the CMG Simulation Results file simulation.irf, and then select File | Open Results Graph:

If MyProject.ses exists and you choose to load it, MyProject.ses will load. If MyProject.ses exists and you choose not to load it, a blank simulation00.ses will

be created If MyProject.ses does not exist, a blank MyProject.ses will be created

By establishing this link between template and session files, you can create a Spatial-Property formula in Results 3D and plot it as a Property Versus Distance curve in Results Graph. If you then save both the template and the session with the same base name and in the same location, when you reload the session in Results Graph, the associated template will automatically load so that the corresponding spatial-property formula is restored. Alternatively, if you start in Results 3D and select File | Open Results Graph, the associated session file can be loaded when necessary.

Opening Results Graph from the File Menu Select File | Open Results Graph. If an existing session file exists whose base name matches the current template document, you will be given the choice of loading it. If you choose not to load it or none exists, a blank session file will be created.


Plot Property versus Distance This feature allows you to produce a plot (in Results Graph) of spatial property versus distance for a specified property along a specified path. To do this:

1. Select View | Plot Property Versus Distance. 2. If an existing session file exists whose base name matches the current template

document, you will be given the choice of loading it. If you choose not to load it or none exists, a blank session file will be created.

3. The Property Versus Distance Plots dialog box is displayed:


4. Select a file from the Data File list. All the simulation results files and field history files that you have opened should appear on the list. If a trajectory file is open (which you can do through File | Open Well Trajectory File), then the associated trajectory file will appear in the Trajectory File box.

5. Define a path through the grid. Five options are available. Trajectory: This option is available if the data file and trajectory file

are open. You can select to use measured depth (MD) or true vertical depth (TVDSS).

Well Path: This option is available if the data file contains well perforations. If LAYERXYZ well data is available, a well path is defined by joining perf block entry and exit points. Alternatively, if LAYERXYZ is not available, a well path is defined by joining each perf from block center to block center. Distances will be relative to depth value of the first perf. The Distance to first well perf may be modified in this dialog box.

Linear Path: When this option is selected, a three-dimensional linear path is defined from the center of the first block to the center of the second block.

FlexWell Path: This option is available if the data file contains one or more FlexWells. If data is available, the FlexWell Path is defined as the distance along all the perf segments along the wellbore path or tubing string (Stream) inside the FlexWell. You can specify the distance to the first well perf so that distances in the graph are relative to the surface.

Average sector property vs. grid depth: This option is available if sectors exist in the simulation results file. Based on the property selected for the curve, the property value will be averaged within the sector region and plotted against the available grid depth values.

6. In the Specify Curves area, you can select the following curve property options: Property (Simulator Data): The reservoir property and property time

must be selected. Note: For spatial-property formulas, a time is available for plotting only if the selected Well Path contains a perforation that exists on or before the earliest time used in the formula.

Flow Property (Production Logging plots): Choose this option to plot simulated flow property values (for example, fluid rates) from individual perforations versus depth along the path selected in step 5 above. For trajectory path, a value is assigned to each depth in the trajectory file. The assigned value may be the interpolated value between two layers


Note: This option is enabled only if layer information is available in the simulator output file (SR2 file).

Select Plot fraction of total well flow if you want to view the flow property as a fraction of the total well flow.

Log Data: This option is available if the associated trajectory file contains well log data.

7. Once the path and properties have been chosen, click the Add Curve button to add the curve to the list of curves to be added.

8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 as required to define multiple curves for the plot. 9. Click Delete Curve to remove a curve from the list of curves for this plot. 10. In the Distance Axis area, select Distance on X to plot distance on the X axis, or

select Distance on Y to plot distance on the Y axis. 11. In the Distance Axis area, select Distance Increasing to plot the distance axis

increasing from the origin, or select Distance Decreasing to plot the distance axis decreasing from the origin.

12. Click OK. A Graph view will appear with a plot of the requested curves for the specified path. Note that both a Graph view and your original Results 3D view are now present (although one may be hidden behind the other). See Working With Multiple Views and Documents.

Plot Flow Property versus Depth (PLT) Note: To use this feature, simulator output for layers must be enabled. With this feature, you can create the following plots:

1. A plot containing Oil Rate, Water Rate and Total Fluid Rate at reservoir conditions (RC) versus depth

2. A plot containing Gas Rate RC versus depth On each plot you can also plot Log values for comparison. The plots can be in the following formats:

1. Fluid volumes are accumulated as you travel upwards from the deepest point in the well path.

2. Fluid volumes are accumulated and then normalized with the total value as you travel upwards from the deepest point in the well path.

3. Raw simulated flow rates are plotted along the depth. Note: The log values in the log files are expected to be accumulated along the well path.


In the following plot, volumes are accumulated along the well path:

SPE5 : SPE5 COMPOSITIONAL RUN 1PCC-SBC-112 gmgro005_CrtRelPerm.irf

Oil Rate RC 1989-01-21 (1116.00 day) Log Data: Rates 1989-01-06 (1101.00 day)

Oil Rate RC - accumulated

Dist

ance

(ft)

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

15,000

15,500

16,000

16,500

17,000

In the following plot, volumes are normalized with respect to the total flow:


Oil Rate RC 1989-01-21 (1116.00 day) Log Data: Rates 1989-01-06 (1101.00 day)

Oil Rate RC - Fraction of Well

Dist

ance

(ft)

-0.20 -0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

15,000

15,500

16,000

16,500

17,000


The following plot shows raw simulated values for Oil Rate RC:


Oil Rate RC (bbl/day)

Dist

ance

(ft)

0 200 400 600 800 1,000

15,000

15,500

16,000

16,500

17,000

To create a PLT plot, select View | Plot Flow Property vs. Depth (PLT). This menu is also available in the context menu, by right-clicking in the view area. If an existing session file exists whose base name matches the current template document, you will be given the choice of loading it. If you choose not to load it or none exists, a blank session file will be created.


If you right-clicked on a grid block containing a well, the well automatically gets selected and the Select a Well dialog box will not launch. If not, the Select a Well dialog box will be displayed, as shown in the following example:

Select a well and then click OK. The PLT (rates) plot dialog box is displayed:


Select the property time and trajectory time. This feature will also work if you do not have trajectory information. In this case, Graph will use LAYERXYZ information to create a trajectory, if available; otherwise, it will use the model perf (*PERF keyword in the simulator dataset) information to create the trajectory. Select one or more curves in the Simulated property column by selecting the check box. If logs are available, the cells in the Log Property and Log time columns are replaced by drop-down boxes listing the names and times of the logs. Select the log name and time if you want to plot logs on the plot. Check the Plot normalized flow check box for normalized volumes. To plot raw simulator data, select Turn off accumulation of values with depth. When you click OK, Graph view will become active and the plot(s) will be displayed.

Quick Plot Well This feature allows you to produce a Quick Plot (in Results Graph) of predefined well variables versus time for a specified well. To do this:

1. Find the desired well in any 2D or 3D view. Move the cursor to the grid block containing the well or to a well bubble in 3D and right-click.

2. Select Quick Plot Well from the context menu. If an existing session file exists whose base name matches the current template document, you will be given the choice of loading it. If you choose not to load it or none exists, a blank session file will be created. After the session has loaded, the Select Wells for Quick Well Plot dialog box will be displayed, as shown in the following example:

The dialog lists pre-defined Quick Plot types for the specified well. Each plot type

contains pre-defined curves. 3. Select the type of Quick Plot. 4. Click OK. The selected plots will be added to the session file.


Quick Plot Property (or Special History on the Fly) This feature allows you to produce a Quick Plot (in Results Graph) of spatial property versus time for a specified block. To do this:

1. Change the currently displayed property in Results 3D to the desired property. If you want to simultaneously plot several properties for the same grid block, select View | Probe Display to add additional properties to the probe display. Any additional properties on the probe display will also be plotted (until the maximum number of four axes in Results Graph is reached).

2. Find the block in question in any 2D or 3D view. 3. Move the cursor to the desired grid block and right-click. 4. Select Quick Plot Property from the context menu. If an existing session file

exists whose base name matches the current template document, you will be given the choice of loading it. If you choose not to load it or none exists, a blank session file will be created. A plot of the property values for the specified block will be added to the session. There may be a small delay as property values for all times are being read.

Closing Open Files To close an open file:

Select File | Close. The open file is immediately closed and all Results 3D values returned to their defaults. If a 3D view was opened, it remains open. To close an open workspace:

Select File | Close Workspace. All open irf, 3tp and ses files will be closed.

Saving Files Saving a Template File Results 3D allows you to save a template file, which describes the current state of display settings, property and time selection, view type, number of open views, and so on.

To save a template file: 1. Select File | Save Template As. The Save As dialog box is displayed. 2. Enter the name of the template file. 3. Click OK to save, or Cancel.


Saving a Workspace File Results 3D allows you to save a workspace file, which contains all the template files you have opened on the screen. The file extension is .rws.

Exporting Data Grid coordinates, and the value of the currently displayed property, can be exported to ASCII text files. The grid coordinates and property values exported in this fashion can be used directly in the simulator input file (dataset file) for CMG simulators. The exported property values can be used as initial values in the dataset. Alternatively, you could use them as map files for property calculations. For this purpose, export the properties in the Mesh or XYZ formats. You could also optionally export well perforation locations in terms of x and y along with the property values in the Mesh and XYZ formats. If you exported Grid Top with the well information, Builder will add the well names and perforations within the grid to the dataset when the property is calculated.

Exporting Grid Coordinates and Property Values

Exporting grid coordinates: 1. Select Tools | Export Grid Coordinates. The Export Grid Coordinates As

Simulator Input File dialog box is displayed:

2. Select the desired options. Results will write the depth values with the

*PAYDEPTH keyword (depth specified for more than one layers). To output *DTOP (depth for only one layer) select the Force use of DTOP keyword option.

3. Specify a file name. You can change the file name and/or path with the Browse button.

4. Click OK.


Exporting property values: 1. Select Tools | Export Property Values. The Export Reservoir Property Values

dialog box is displayed:

2. Select the times in the SR2 file for which you want to export the property. You

can use the CTRL and SHIFT keys to select multiple times. 3. Select the export format. Use SIF Format to include the property directly in a

CMG dataset. Use Mesh Format or XYZ Format to export the data in map formats. Select one the options under Well Locations and Well Time.

4. Specify a file name. You can change the file name and/or path with the Browse button.

5. Click OK.

Exporting to Meraks PEEP

To export a file to Meraks PEEP: 1. Select Tools | Export as Merak PEEP. 2. The file browser appears requesting the name and destination of the file to which

you want to write. Once you have selected the file, click Save.


Exporting Tables of Well Summary Using this feature, you can export preset or custom data from all or selected wells in the file. This is in contrast to the To ASCII and To Tab Separated options in Graph, where only the data from the curves are exported. The preset properties include cumulative volumes, rates, gas-oil ratio, water cut, and so on. The feature also offers flexibility in formatting the tabular output. Select Tools | Export Well Summary. The Well Summary dialog box is displayed:

The available formatting options are as follows:

Report Times: Monthly, Quarterly, Yearly or every record from the file. Export Table Style has two major options. Single table style creates a continuous

table with properties in columns, and name and time values in rows similar to database output. With Multiple Table style you can choose from six options. Each option fixes the independent variable and contents of each row and column. For example, if you selected Table:Time,Row:Well,Column:Property for Groups and Wells, at each reporting period, the data for all the Groups and wells will be printed out with one well in each row and one property in each column.


Text Format: You can choose from three options: - Fixed column width: You can specify the column width and the

position of the decimal. The file is output to a text file. - Tab separated: Outputs the file with columns tab-separated to a text

file that you can open in a text editor. - Send to MS Excel immediately: Launch Excel with the file. This

option lets you do your own formatting (width, decimal places, etc.) of the data in Excel.

Report Data provides selection for data origins: Wells, Groups, Sectors, and so on. In the Default mode, all data names are exported. You can set the Custom check box ON to changes the selection of data names and override the preset list of exported properties.

Click beside a name or property to open a dialog box for changing the Report Data settings from the default values. For example, if you click beside Wells row, Names column, the Advanced Well Selection will be displayed:

To export well summary tables: 1. Select Tools | Export Well Summary. The Well Summary dialog box is

displayed (as shown above). 2. Select the options, and then click OK.


Exporting Properties to a RESCUE Model RESCUE is a joint industry project managed by the Petrotechnical Open Software Corporation (POSC). The acronym RESCUE stands for REServoir Characterization Using Epicentre. At its inception the purpose was to provide a forum for the development of an open standard for the transfer of data from geomodels to upscalers. A RESCUE format model can define block units (formed by 3D surfaces representing horizons, boundaries and fault surfaces), 3D grids, and properties such as porosity and permeability. Fault surfaces, wellbore trajectories, and well logs can also be included in the model. Using Builder, you can import a global grid from a RESCUE model, or the all the units of a single RESCUE block. Once you have built a complete dataset using this imported grid, and run the simulation, you can export (or append) simulation calculated properties (such as saturations changing with time) back to the RESCUE model. Some geological modelling software packages can then use this data for well planning or 4D seismic applications.

To export properties back to a RESCUE model: 1. Select Tools | Export Properties to RESCUE model. The Export properties to

RESCUE dialog box is displayed:

2. To append data to an existing RESCUE model, click the Browse button in the top-

right of the dialog box, and then select the RESCUE model. Results will verify that the simulation grid and the RESCUE model grid match.

3. Select properties from the list of available properties and times in the left pane, and then add them to the Properties to add to RESCUE pane on the right by clicking the right-arrow button.

4. Click OK to add the selected properties.


Exporting a Work-over List Results can export, to Excel, a list of the auto-recompletions and auto-drills shown in an ASCII simulation output file (*.out). This is useful when producing a field development plan from a simulator forecast run. To produce a workover list from a forecast run, select Tools | Export Workover List. The Workover List dialog box is displayed. Click the Browse buttons to select the simulation output file to read, and enter the name of a comma separated file (*.csv) to write the output into, and then click OK. If you have Excel installed on your computer, Excel will be started and the *.csv file read.

Comparing Files You can compare files by selecting Tools | Compare Files. This option is used to compare TimeSeries properties in a reference file with the same property in one or more comparison files. It is especially useful for history matching. Files can be in one of the following formats: Field History (*.fhf) or Simulation Results (*.irf). The files are added to the dialog list and you select one of the files as the reference file against which to compare. Note: You can only load one Field History file and if you do, it will automatically be set as the reference file. The following shows an example in which a Field History file is selected as the reference and a Simulation Results file is added to the list for comparison:


The dynamic properties available in the reference file will be listed in the Select Properties list. You can select properties from this list for comparison. The selected properties are added to the Selected Properties list. The next step consists of selecting a comparison method. Four comparison methods are available:

1. % Area Between: Computed as the ratio of area between the two time series over the area under the time series of the selected property in the reference file.

2. % of Normalized Area Between: Computed similarly as %Area Between but the ratio is over the average area for the time series of the selected property in the reference file. The average is computed over all origins (for example, all wells).

3. Cumulative Differences: Computed as the cumulative differences, over time, between the two time series.

4. Cumulative Relative Differences: Computed similarly as Cumulative Differences, but the differences are divided by the value of the reference time series.

A time derivative or a time integral transform can be applied to the selected dynamic properties before doing the comparison. The comparison results can be ranked from Worst to Best or vice versa. The ranking will be based on the first selected property. The comparison results can also be sorted by their origins (Groups, Layers, and Wells). Click OK. The output can be saved to a single file or to multiple files in the case of multiple comparison files. Text and CSV files can be generated for reporting.

Opening and Displaying Map Files The supported contour map and mesh map file formats are discussed in the Importing geological and well trajectory data chapter of the Builder Users Guide.

To open a contour map or mesh map file: 1. Select File | Open Map File. The Open Map Files dialog box is displayed:


2. From the Map Type drop-down list, select the format corresponding to your files.

For a description of the supported formats, see the Importing Geological and Well Trajectory Data chapter of the Builder Users Guide.

3. Depending on the Map Type, one or more file name text boxes will be displayed. Some formats require separate files for fault and well information, for example. Click the Browse button next to the file name box, and a standard Open File dialog box will be displayed. Select the file to open, and then click OK or Cancel.

4. If the format for the Map Type contains unit information, the units used in the file will be selected; otherwise, you will need to select the Units for x,y coordinates in the files.

5. Click OK to open the map, or Cancel. You can open as many maps as you like and view all or some of them in 2D or 3D view. The display attributes, such as line color, line width or map height, can be adjusted in Model View | Maps tab of the Property dialog box, which can be opened by selecting View | Properties in the menu bar, or by right-clicking on the main view then selecting Properties.

Well Trajectories A well trajectory is a description of a well path through the earth. It is a list of nodes (vertices) which each give a location of the well path in space. Each node has xyz coordinates and measured depth from the well top (KB elevation). A trajectory can include multiple perforation intervals, each defined by the measured depth of the start and the end or the perforated interval and the date of the perforation. Results 3D supports multilateral trajectories with several levels of branching for one well. We recommend that you use well trajectory data, whenever it is available, to create well completions in your dataset, for more accurate completions and better visual representation.


Importing Well Trajectories Results 3D supports a number of file formats for reading in well trajectory data, and provides automatic unit conversion.

1. Select the menu item File | Open Well Trajectories File to open step 1 of the Import Well Trajectory Wizard:


2. Select the appropriate file format, units and location. 3. Click Next. Step 2 of the Import Well Trajectory Wizard is displayed:

4. Select the trajectory names that you wish to import. Select or clear the option to

remove all existing trajectories. We recommend you use automatic reduction of trajectory data points (the default) to speed up well calculations and to avoid inflating the data file. The trajectory names that already exist in the dataset are highlighted in gray color and can be overwritten.

5. Click Finish to complete and return to the main view or click Go to Perfs to complete the trajectory import and immediately open the Trajectory Perforation Intervals dialog box, through which you can set or import perforation intervals.

The imported well trajectories are saved as part of the session (*.3tp) file.

Trajectory Perforations A trajectory perforation is a set of perforation intervals with a measured depth starting and ending at a particular date. A well trajectory must be imported or created before perforations can be added. It is important to understand the difference between trajectory perforations and the well completions used by simulators. A trajectory perforation is part of the raw data used by Builder to create the grid based well completions (PERF card) for simulator input. To open the Trajectory Perforation Intervals dialog box, select File | Well Trajectory Perforations:


Tool bar commands:

Adds new perforation date for selected well

Changes perforation date Deletes perforation date Inserts new perforation interval above the marker Inserts new perforation interval below the marker Deletes selected perforation intervals Right-click in the grid area to open a context menu with the same commands as the toolbar. The menu has extra commands for managing the table.

Reading a perforation file Select the well trajectories for which you want to read new perforations. Click Read File to browse to the file location and select the file depth units. The format of the perforation file is described in the Well Perforation File Format section of the Importing Geological and Well Trajectory Data chapter of the Builder Users Guide.


Saving a perforation file Select the well trajectories for which you want to save perforations. Click Save File to browse to the file location. The format of the perforation file is described in the Well Perforation File Format section of the Importing Geological and Well Trajectory Data chapter of the Builder Users Guide.

Quick Perforation Click Quick Perf to open the Quick Perforation dialog box. Through this dialog box, you can create new perforation intervals in selected grid layers, either the entire grid, or a list or range of grid layers.

Importing Well Logs Results 3D supports the option to import well log files. Currently log information can be displayed only in Probe mode when moving cursor along a well trajectory in 2D or 3D view. Well logs can also be used when creating contour maps.


To import well logs: 1. Select File | Import Well Logs to open the Import Well Logs dialog box:

2. Select type of the well log file and depth units. 3. Use the Open File button to browse and read log files. Multiple log files can be

opened at once. You can repeat this step a number of times to read in different files.

4. Select the names of the well logs you want to import in the left table. 5. Select the names of the trajectories that you want to receive the imported logs. 6. Press OK.

Note: The supported file formats for well log information are described in the Well Log Formats section in the Importing Geological and Well Trajectory Data chapter of the Builder Users Guide.

Streamlines Generating and Displaying Streamlines Streamlines can be generated and displayed in Results 3D if the SR2 file contains the block-face-based phase velocities calculated by the CMG simulator. They are currently not available for simulations that use a radial grid type, but are available with Cartesian or corner point grids. Refer to the appropriate CMG simulator users guide for instructions on how to output this data to SR2 files. Before streamlines can be displayed, they have to be computed. To do this, click Tools | Generate Streamlines to open the Generate Streamlines dialog box:


The Streamline Density slider controls the number of streamlines that will be generated. The number of streamlines around a well is proportional to the total fluid flux to and from that well. You can select multiple time steps at which you want the streamlines to be computed by using the SHIFT and CTRL keys. Streamline generations can be time-consuming, so you may want to select Save streamline data to disk file. If you save the streamline data in the file, you will be able to display them in subsequent sessions without having to generate them first. Once the streamlines are generated, they should be displayed on the screen automatically. If not, select a property that has more than one time step and go to the time step that has streamline data. To change the viewing properties for the streamlines, select View | Properties and then select Model View | Streamline from the tree view to open the Results 3D Properties dialog box:


Select Always show lines from last available time if you always want to see streamlines, even when the selected time step does not have streamline data. You can control the colors of streamlines by choosing one of three options: Originating injectors, Arriving producers or Producer-injector pairs. For example, if you choose Arriving producers, then all the streamlines around a producer well will have the same color and the streamlines around a different producer well will have a different color. Alternatively, you can choose to display streamline colors according to Time of flight, Drainage time or Phase velocities. Time of flight is defined as the time for a fluid particle to travel from the origin (for example, injector) to the current position. Drainage time is defined as the time for a fluid particle to travel from the current position to its final destination (for example, producer). If you choose Phase velocities, then the color of the streamline at a certain point will depend on the dominating phase velocity. For example, if there is more oil flow at a certain point along the streamline, then the color at that point will be green. The selections in the Color scale within a streamline area allow you to control the color variation along a streamline by entering the minimum and maximum values, and colors for the values. You can select all or some of the streamlines to be displayed. The colors for selected wells can also be changed. You can display the streamlines in 3D view, as a 3D tube, or as a simple line drawing.


Viewing the Streamlines Allocation Summary Report To view the Streamline Allocation Summary Report, click Tools | Streamline Allocation and then select one or more dates in the Select Dates/Times dialog box. A text box will be displayed showing the available streamline allocation information. The report is ordered by date/time. Within each time step, it shows allocation factors for all the producers and injectors. For each producer, it shows the fraction of the fluid coming from the contributing injectors or primary depletion or aquifers. For each injector, it shows the fraction of the fluid from this injector to all the receiving producers.

Other Results 3D Operations Calculating Synthetic Properties Results 3D will calculate some synthetic properties from the data in the SR2 file according to the formulas given in the following table. (You can also create your own custom formulas, as outlined in Formula Manager.) Note: Oil flow capability is an inexact quantity calculated from pressure, permeabilities, net pay, relative permeability, and viscosity. These properties must be output to the SR2 file for oil flow rate capability to be calculated. If net pay is not available, it will be calculated from the gross thickness and net-to-gross ratio (if available), or just set to the gross thickness.

This synthetic property Uses this formula

Grid Top Calculated from the grid information in the SR2 file.

Grid Bottom Calculated from the grid information in the SR2 file.

Grid Paydepth Calculated from the grid information in the SR2 file.

Grid Thickness Calculated from the grid information in the SR2 file.

Grid Connection Group Number Calculated from the connection information in the SR2 file.

Porosity - Effective Ref. Input Porosity * Net to Gross Ratio

Net pore volume Gross Block Volume * Effective Porosity

Oil Per Unit Area S0 * Input Porosity * Net Pay

Gas Per Unit Area Sg * Input Porosity * Net Pay

Oil Production Potential RC (Oil Flow Rate Capability)*(Oil Per Unit Area)

Gas Production Potential RC (Gas Flow Rate Capability)*(Gas Per Unit Area)

Oil(Gas) Flow Rate Capability K*Grid Thickness*Net-to-gross*Oil(Gas) phase mobility*grid block pressure

K SQRT(PERMI*PERMI + PERMJ*PERMJ)

Oil(Gas) phase mobility Kro(Krg) / oil(gas) viscosity


Calculating Grid and Property Statistics Results 3D can calculate pore volumes, property averages, and sums over all blocks, and histograms for the currently displayed properties. A report is generated and displayed in a dialog box, and the report can be saved to a text file.

To view statistics for the current property: 1. Select Tools | Grid and Property Statistics from the menu bar. The status bar

will indicate the progress of the calculations. When the calculations are complete, the Property Statistics report will be displayed.

2. To save the report, click Save to file. A save file dialog box will be displayed. Enter or confirm the file name, and then click OK.

3. Click OK to close the Property Statistics dialog box. Note: The histogram of the property uses the property ranges of the color scale divisions for categories. If you wish a logarithmic histogram for permeability, change the color scale to logarithmic before running the property statistics.

Finding Isolated Regions of a Grid Results 3D can use the connection information from the simulator to group grid blocks into connected flow units. Each group contains all blocks connected to each other, exclusive of well connections. Any connection group that does not have at least one well completion in it will not be drained. To find the connection group number of each grid block, select Grid Connection Group Number from the property list:

The initial grouping computation may take a few seconds, with progress reported on the status bar.

To view a report on connection groups: 1. Select Tools | Grid Connections from the menu bar. A Connections Groups

report will be displayed when the computations are complete. 2. To save the report, click Save to file. 3. Click OK to close the report.

Closing Results 3D To end a Results 3D session:

Select File | Exit from the menu bar.

User's Guide Results 3D Changing Display Content and Setting 33

Changing Display Content and Setting

Overview Both Builder and Results 3D let you select either a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) view of a reservoir for onscreen viewing and printing. Both of these programs have the same capabilities and user interface to control the display. Builder and Results 3D can display grid, reservoir property, simulation wells, and geological map information. In addition, Results 3D can show bubble plots of well values, well status (shut-in, injecting or producing), and velocity or flux vectors if the information is available in the simulator output (SR2) file. Information on file opening is discussed in the Builder or Results 3D specific parts of the Users Manual. This current section discusses the parts of the interface that are common to the two programs. You can view any reservoir property for which there is data in the open file. Builder and Results 3D each begin with a default property selection the first property in your file. You can alter the current property, and, in Results 3D, select a different time for the displayed data, and animate the data for a series of times see Viewing Properties. You can control a large number of display properties, such as the font and size used for text information, the colors of grid lines, and the position of titles. The Properties dialog box controls these see Changing Display Settings. There is also an interactive method for moving the titles, color scale, info box and map scale see Moving and Resizing Display Objects. You can alter the Y/X and Z/X aspect ratios and the map scale if desired see Changing the Aspect Ratio and Scale. In the 2D views, you can choose which layer and cross-section to view. You can zoom in to view only part of the reservoir. In the 3D view, you can interactively zoom, pan, and rotate to display the region of interest see Zooming, Panning, and Rotating the Reservoir. In addition, you can remove portions of the reservoir to see the interior region see Selecting IJK Slabs and Regions, and Cutting Away Part of a Reservoir in 3D.

34 Changing Display Content and Setting User's Guide Results 3D

In 2D and 3D, you can also use color to distinguish between ranges of data values in your reservoir view see Modifying the Color Scale. In addition to those capabilities in common with Builder, Results 3D lets you display a number of items only available in the simulation output. Specifically, you can display bubble plots showing well properties, such as Cumulative Oil Production, as circles surrounding a well, and vectors giving phase velocities or fluxes at grid block centers. Refer to Showing Bubble Plots of Well Values and Showing Flux or Velocity Vectors, respectively. Results 3D also lets you change the display units for properties like pressure. The unit display can be changed through the Properties dialog box see Changing Display Settings to see how to access the information. You can print or save all on-screen views as image files (in a number of formats) that you can later insert into word processor or presentation software see Printing and Saving Images. Finally, you can simultaneously view different properties for the same file, or look at properties from different files. Refer to Working With Multiple Views and Documents.

Understanding the Parts of the Main Window The Results 3D toolbar is shown below:


Displaying the X,Y Coordinates of a Point in the Reservoir

To display the X,Y coordinates of a point in the reservoir: When in IJ-2D Areal view type, move the cursor over the reservoir. The X,Y coordinates (in map units) of the cursor hot spot are displayed on the left side of status bar at the bottom of the main window. When in IK-2D X-Sec or JK-2D X-Sec view types, move the cursor over the reservoir. The X,Z or Y,Z coordinates are displayed on the left side of the status bar at the bottom of the main window.

Displaying Crosshairs Centered on the Cursor It is also possible to turn on crosshairs that draw lines vertically and horizontally from the cursor hot spot.

To toggle the display of crosshairs in 2D views: 1. While pointing at the reservoir, click using the rightmost mouse button. A pop up

(context) menu will appear. 2. Click with the leftmost mouse button on Show X-hair in Probe Mode to toggle

the display of crosshairs on or off.

Displaying the IJK Grid Block Address, Well and Sector Names

To display the IJK block address: Click and hold the mouse cursor anywhere in the drawing area over an active reservoir image. The IJK grid block address of the grid block and the current property value is displayed in a probe window. If there is a well completion in the current grid block, the well name will be displayed. If the block is part of one or more sectors, the sector name(s) will be displayed.


Controlling the Contents of the Probe Display You can alter the contents and font of the probe display.

1. Select View | Probe Display in the menu bar. The Results 3D Properties dialog box will be displayed, open to Model View | Probe Display:

2. Select the items you want to display by selecting the check box next to each item. 3. To show values for several grid properties at once, check Other spatial property

values and then select properties to display from the list. To select multiple properties, hold down the CTRL key when selecting the properties.

4. Click the Probe Font button to change the probe font. 5. Click on Use Auto Probe for a continuous probe where the probe panel is

displayed whenever the cursor is over a grid block, without having to press the mouse button.


6. If you are using stereoscopic 3D, you may wish to try the Show 3D Cursor when probing in 3D, or Show 3D probe panel when probing in 3D.

7. Click OK to apply the changes or Cancel.

Viewing Properties Selecting a Property All the properties present in the current file are available for viewing. The default selection is always the first property in the list. In Results 3D, the available properties can vary with time, but all the properties are always shown in the property selection list regardless of the selected time.

To select a reservoir property to use: 1. Click on the drop-down button of the properties selection list. A list of available

properties appears, with a scroll bar, if the list is longer than the list-box length:

2. Click the property you want to view.

Showing both the Matrix and Fracture Values for Dual Porosity Systems For dual-porosity systems, you can display the matrix and fracture properties at the same time. To do this, select Properties from the View menu, and then select Spatial Properties. In this tab of the properties dialog, there is now a frame Fracture Values. Each grid block will be outlined with the color of the fracture value, while the interior of the grid block will be colored with the matrix value. The probe will show both the matrix and fracture values of the property


Selecting the View Type and Plane Number The default view type is IJ-2D Areal with the K layer set to 1. You can select any layer in the K direction from all K layers in the file.

To view another plane: Move the Plane slider.

You can move the Plane slider by clicking and dragging it. Once you have clicked on the slider (and thus made it the selected control), you can also move through the planes using the right and left arrow keys on the keyboard.

To select another view type: 1. Open the drop-down button of the view type selection list:

2. Click the desired view type.

The available 2D view types are areal or map view (IJ-2D Areal) and two cross-sectional views (IK-2D X-Sec and JK-2D X-Sec). The last choice is 3D view (3D View).

Selecting Plane Number within a Refined Grid The default for refined grids is to show the middle plane of the refined grid. For example, suppose you are looking at an IJ-2D Areal view of plane K=3. If block 1,1,3 contains a Cartesian refined grid with 3x3x3 refinement, probing a refined grid block will show that plane K=2, within the refined grid is being displayed.

To change the displayed plane with a refined grid: 1. In probe mode, right-click on the refined grid of interest. 2. From the pop-up menu, click Select Refinement Level. The Select Layer of

Refined Grid to View dialog box appears:

3. Choose a layer to view and then click Apply. 4. To close the dialog box, click Cancel.


Selecting Block Fill, Contour Lines or Contour Fill The plot type selection list allows you to choose from Block Fill, Contour Lines and Contour Fill. To select a plot type, click to open the plot type selection list, and then click the desired type of plot:

Block Fill colors each grid block with the color associated with the value of the property at the center of the block. Contour Lines are calculated for block centered properties by first interpolating the values for block corners from the block center property values. The corner values are then contoured. The number and value of contour lines is controlled by the settings for the color scale for the property being displayed. Contour Fill uses data interpolation, between grid block centers values, to smooth data. First, values for block corners are interpolated from the block center property values and then the corner values are contoured. For Cartesian (Variable depth and thickness) grids, the corners of the grid blocks are also smoothed (in cross-section and 3D views) to better show the flow connections and reservoir shape. By default, Contour Fill also shows the contour lines. Select View | Properties to open the Results 3D Properties dialog box. In Model View | Spatial Properties, in the Property Contours area, there are controls to Draw lines in Color Fill mode and Show Values in Color Fill mode which control whether lines and values are shown in Contour Fill mode. Some properties, such as Ternary, cannot be contoured. They will only be displayed in Block Fill mode.

Showing a Property as an Isosurface An isosurface is a surface of constant value. Results can create isosurfaces for any grid property.

To create an isosurface for a property: 1. Select View | Properties or click the Set/Modify Properties button on the

toolbar. 2. The Results 3D Properties dialog box is displayed. Select Model

View | Isosurfaces:


3. As shown above, select a parameter from the drop-down list in the grid. Select a

specific fixed property time for the isosurface, or select Synchronize with the time animation slider. Enter the property value for the isosurface, and select a color.

4. Once you have added one or more isosurfaces, click OK. Note: Isosurfaces take some time to calculate, and may slow down the time animation if a number of parameters are added.

A Quick Way to Change to 3D View with Annotations Removed Click the Quick 3D Full View button on the toolbar to quickly change to 3D View and Contour Fill, remove the title, color scale, and simulation grid display, and expand the view port to full page,.

Full Screen View You can view Results 3D window in full-screen view by selecting View | Full Screen on the menu bar. Alternatively, click the Full Screen button on the toolbar. The window title bar, menu bar, all toolbars and the status bar are hidden from view. A small toolbar with the Full Screen button is displayed in the top corner. Click the button or press the ESC key to revert to the previous view.


For maximum effect, select View | Paper Zoom | Full Window. All menu items are still available in the Full Screen mode. To activate a menu item, press ALT+ the short-cut key for the top-level menu item. This will bring up all the sub menu items for the main menu. For example, if you click ALT+V, the View menu is displayed. Clicking the Show 3D Display Dialog button will display the Full Screen dialog box:

This dialog box allows you to control animation and time selection, and to change properties.

Selecting a Time Display Format Times can be displayed as:

Date Time: time since simulation start, in days, hours, and so on, as determined by the

simulation output units of the open file. Time Step: Simulator time step

The default time format is Date.


To change the time format: 1. Select View | Properties in the menu bar, or right-click in the reservoir viewport

and then select Properties from the pop-up menu. The Results 3D Properties dialog box is displayed.

2. Click General in the tree view. 3. Select the desired time format in the Preferred Time Display area:

Selecting a Time The simulation output file (SR2) may contain property data for several simulation times. In Builder, the time selection list gives a list of all times with well perforation changes.

To view a property at a different time, either: 1. Click the drop-down button of the time selection list. A list of the times for which

the selected property is available will appear.

2. Click the desired time or date to select it.

or Adjust the Time slider in the Animation area.

Animating a Property for a Series of Times

To display a property for a series of times: 1. Use the Animation section of the Results 3D window:


2. Adjust the settings to meet your needs. The scale below the slider indicates the current time period being displayed. You can adjust the period displayed by moving the slider.

3. Click the arrow buttons to move backward or forward in time. 4. Click to stop the animation.

Click on the Repeat Animation button to toggle the continuous repetition of the animation sequence on and off. To slow down the animation, click the Delay button. Enter a delay time (in milliseconds) in the Animation Delay Time dialog box:

If the simulation output contains data at many times, you can speed up the animation by showing the value every nth time step (for example, every 5th time step). Click the Delay button, and then change the value under Enter the number of timesteps to move each animation display.

Changing Display Settings Display settings control the view display in Results 3D; for example, the font type, size and color used for the first title. Each view window within the main Results 3D window has its own set of display settings.

Properties Dialog Box You can open the Results 3D Properties dialog box in one of the following ways:

Select View | Properties from menu bar. Right-click in the current view, then select Properties in the pop-up menu. Click the Set/Modify Properties button on the toolbar.

The Results 3D Properties dialog box is displayed open to General:


The Results 3D Properties dialog box is organized by a tree view on the left, with each branch controlling one aspect of the overall display. To select a branch, click it. Each branch contains controls that allow you to customize the display of a particular item.

Selecting a Font Name, Style, Size and Color Many of the Results 3D Properties dialog box sections contain buttons to set the correct font for particular text output. For example, the Titles page contains a Line 1 Font button and the Geological Maps page contains a Values Font button. Clicking one of these buttons will open the common Font dialog box:


The Font dialog box allows you to select a font, font style, size and effect from the fonts that are installed on your computer.

Selecting a Line Style, Thickness and Color Many of the Results 3D Properties dialog box pages contain buttons to set a custom line type. For example, the Grid and Wells pages contain a custom Line button. Clicking one of these buttons will open the Set Custom Line dialog box:

This dialog box allows you to select a style, color and weight for a line. Note: Only a solid style can have a weight greater than 1.

Changing Displayed Titles

To change titles that appear in the view: 1. Select View | Properties from the menu. 2. Click the General | Titles branch. 3. In Line 1 and Line 2, specify the title. You can enter the following fields to

automate specific entries in titles, or select automatic codes by clicking the button to the right of the entry line:


Enter: To include this in the titles: $file Current data filename $prop Current grid property $title1 String specified by *Title1 keyword in the simulator dataset $title2 String specified by *Title2 keyword in the simulator dataset $title3 String specified by *Title3 keyword in the simulator dataset $date Todays date $time Current simulation time, date, or time step of the data being displayed $layer Current layer info (this is empty if you are in 3D mode)

4. Click OK to accept your changes, and then close the dialog box. 5. Click Cancel to close the dialog box. If you click Cancel before you click OK,

you will lose all your changes.

Toggling the Display of the Grid, Map, and Wells The options in the Results 3D Properties dialog box allow you to turn on and turn off the display of all the items in the view. For example, on the Info Box page, the Show Info Box check box can be used to turn the Info Box display on or off.

To turn the display of grid lines and axes on and off: 1. Select View | Properties from the menu bar. The Results 3D Properties dialog box

is displayed. 2. Select the Model View | Grid section of the tree view. 3. Select the Show Grid checkbox to turn the grid display on or off. 4. Click OK or Apply All to apply your change. Click Cancel to cancel your change.

Showing Well Status You can show the status of wells in Results 3D. Well status can be one of the following:

Shut-in: Well perforation location will appear as an empty circle. On production: Well perforation will appear as a filled circle. On injection: Well perforation will appear as an empty circle with an arrow.

In a 3D View, on production will be shown as an upward pointing cone above the well location, and on injection as a downward pointing cone above the well location. Note: When you first turn on the well status, Results 3D must read the well status for all wells at all times from the simulation output file. If you have a large number of wells and a large number of time steps, this may take some time (the progress of the read will be shown on the status bar). Once this data is retrieved, showing the well status will not noticeably affect Results 3D performance.


To turn the display of well status on or off: 1. Select View | Properties from the menu bar, by right-clicking to open the context

menu then selecting Properties, or by clicking on the Set/Modify Properties button. The Results 3D Properties dialog box is displayed.

2. Select the Wells | Well Bubbles section of the tree view. 3. Select Show well status to turn the well status display on or off. 4. If you want to see the well status at the end of the simulation run (instead of the

status at the displayed reservoir property time), click Well perfs, status and bubbles at simulation end time.

5. Click OK or Apply All to apply your change. Click Cancel to cancel your change.

Showing Bubble Plots of Well Values Bubble plots show a well quantity, such as cumulative production or well block pressure, as a circle drawn around a perforation symbol. They can be used to show the wells in a field with the greatest production, for example. The value of the selected well property is used to determine the area of the drawn circle. Some multi-phase properties are available such as cumulative oil, water and gas, in which case a pie chart is drawn instead of a circle. As the gas volume is substantially greater in absolute terms than the water or oil volume, the gas volume (in multi-phase cases) is divided by 1000 scf/bbl. Note: When you first choose a well property for bubble plots, Results must read the well property for all wells at all times from the simulation output file. If you have a large number of wells and a large number of time steps, this may take some time (the progress of the read will be shown on the status bar).

To display bubble plots: 1. Select View | Properties from the menu bar, by right-clicking to open the context


2. Select the Wells | Well Bubbles section of the tree view. 3. Select the Show Bubble Plots checkbox to turn the bubble plot display on or off. 4. To display bubble plots for all producers and/or all injectors, check the Producers

and/or Injectors check boxes. 5. If you want to have the area of the circle reflect the well value at the end of the

simulation run (instead of the status at the displayed reservoir property time), click on the Well perfs, status and bubbles at simulation end time checkbox. (???)

6. Select a well property from the Property selection list. 7. Use the other controls to adjust the size, color or annotation of the bubble. 8. Click OK or Apply All to apply your change. Click Cancel to cancel your change.


Displaying Difference Bubble Plots You can compute the difference in a parameter (for example, Cumulative Oil) in two files. The difference is calculated for a well at each time record that the selected property is available in the second file. The difference is calculated for each well with an identical name in both the files. This difference is displayed as bubbles in 2D and 3D views.

To display difference bubble plots: 1. Select View | Properties from the menu bar, by right-clicking to open the context


2. Select the Wells | Well Bubbles section of the tree view. 3. Select the Show Bubble Plots checkbox to turn the bubble plot display on or off. 4. Click the Add Difference Bubble button. The File Comparison dialog box is

displayed:

5. Select the second file from the drop-down list box. Select the property for which

the difference is to be computed. Select the type of difference (absolute or relative). Click OK.

6. The Results 3D Properties dialog box is active, opened to the Wells | Well Bubbles section of the tree view. Format the bubbles as explained in Showing Bubble Plots of Well Values.

7. Click Apply All or OK.


Showing Flux or Velocity Vectors CMG simulators can output phase flux or velocity information, which Results 3D can display as vector plots. Refer to the Input/Output Control chapter of the appropriate simulator users guide for information about turning this output on (see *WSRF and *OUTSRF), or use the Input/Output Control section of Builder to select these output variables. If the entire Flow Vectors page of the Results 3D Properties dialog box is unavailable, then the simulation output file that you opened does not contain any vector informat