resumen materia conmutacion y ruteo ii

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1

MSc. Marcelo Donoso V.email: [email protected]

CONMUTACION AND ROUTING II


LAN Design

LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 1

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3

Objectives§ Describe how a hierarchical network supports the

voice, video and data needs of a small and medium-sized business.

§ Match the appropriate Cisco switch to each layer in the hierarchical network design model.


Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business§ Explain the benefits of the hierarchical network model


Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business§ Describe the key principles of hierarchical network

design


Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business§ Describe the role of a converged network in supporting

small and medium-sized (SMB) business voice, video, and data needs


Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model§ Identify the considerations used to select a switch for a

hierarchical network


Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model§ Identify the key features of switches that are used in

hierarchical networks


Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model§ Identify the switch features found in each level in a

hierarchical network


Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model§ Identify the Cisco switches used in SMB applications


Summary§ Hierarchical Design model addresses performance,

scalability, maintainability & manageability issues.

§ Traffic Analysis is used to monitor network performance.

§ Hierarchical Design Model is composed of 3 layers:AccessDistributionCore

§ Switches selected for each layer must meet the needs of each hierarchical layer as well as the needs of the business.


Configure a Switch



Objectives§ Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for

100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard.

§ Explain the functions that enable a switch to forward Ethernet frames in a LAN.

§ Configure a switch for operation in a network designed to support voice, video, and data transmissions.

§ Configure basic security on a switch that will operate in a network designed to support voice, video, and data transmissions.


Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard§ Describe the key elements of Ethernet/802.3 networks


Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard§ Describe the design considerations for Ethernet/802.3

networks


Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard§ Describe the LAN design considerations to reduce

network latency


§ Describe the switch forwarding methods

Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN


Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN§ Explain symmetric and asymmetric Switching


Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN§ Describe how memory buffering works


Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN§ Compare Layer 2 with Layer 3 switching


Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network§ Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to navigate

the command-line


Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network§ Describe the Cisco IOS help facilities


Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network§ Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to access the

command history


Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network§ Describe the boot sequence of a Cisco switch


Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network§ Describe how to prepare the switch to be configured


Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network§ Describe how to perform a basic switch configuration


Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network§ Describe how to verify the Cisco IOS configuration

using the Show command


Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network§ Describe how to manage the Cisco IOS configuration

files


Configure Basic Security on a Switch§ Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to configure

password options


§ Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to configure a login banner

Configure Basic Security on a Switch


§ Describe the how to configure Telnet and SSH on a switch



§ Describe the key switch security attacks. The description should include, MAC address flooding, spoofing attacks, CDP attacks, and Telnet attacks



§ Describe how network security tools are used to improve network security



§ Describe why you need to secure ports on a switch



§ Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to disable unused ports



Summary§ LAN Design

Process that explains how a LAN is to be implemented

Factors to consider in LAN design include

Collision domains

Broadcast domains

Network latency

LAN segmentation


Summary

§ Switch forwarding methods

Store & forward – used by Cisco Catalyst switches

Cut through – 2 types

Cut through

Fast forwarding


Summary

§ Symmetric switching

Switching is conducted between ports that have the same bandwidth

§ Asymmetric switching

Switching is conducted between ports that have unlike bandwidth


Summary

§ CISCO IOS CLI includes the following featuresBuilt in help Command history/options

§ Switch securityPassword protectionUse of SSH for remote accessPort security


VLANs



Objectives§ Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network.

§ Explain the role of trunking VLANs in a converged network.

§ Configure VLANs on the switches in a converged network topology.

§ Troubleshoot the common software or hardware misconfigurations associated with VLANs on switches in a converged network topology.


Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network§ Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network


Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network§ Describe the different types VLANs


Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network§ Describe the VLAN port membership modes


Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network§ Describe how to manage broadcast domains with

VLANs


Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network§ Explain the role of a trunk when using multiple VLANs

in a converged network


Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network§ Describe how a trunk works


Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network§ Describe the switch port trunking modes


Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology§ Describe the steps to configure trunks and VLANs


Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology§ Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create a

VLAN on a Cisco Catalyst switch


Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology§ Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to manage

VLANs on a Cisco Catalyst switch


Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology§ Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create a

trunk on a Cisco Catalyst switch


Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs§ Describe the common problems with VLANs and trunks


§ Describe the common problems with VLANs and trunks

Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs


§ Describe how to use the troubleshooting procedure to fix a common problem with VLAN configurations

Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs


Summary§ VLANS

Allows an administrator to logically group devices that act as their own network

Are used to segment broadcast domains

Some benefits of VLANs include

Cost reduction, security, higher performance, better management


Summary

§ Types of Traffic on a VLAN includeDataVoiceNetwork protocolNetwork management

§ Communication between different VLANs requires the use of

Routers


Summary

§ Trunks

A common conduit used by multiple VLANS for intra-VLAN communication

§ EEE 802.1Q

The standard trunking protocol

Uses frame tagging to identify the VLAN to which a frame belongs

Does not tag native VLAN traffic


Implement VTP



Objectives§ Explain the role of VTP in a converged switched

network

§ Describe the operation of VTP: VTP domains, VTP Modes, VTP Advertisements, and VTP Pruning.

§ Configure VTP on the switches in a converged network.


Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged Switched Network§ Explain the role of VTP in a multi-switch network


Describe the Operation of VTP§ Describe the importance of the default VTP

configuration


Describe the Operation of VTP§ Explain the role of domains in VTP


Describe the Operation of VTP§ Describe how VTP exchanges domain and VLAN

information between switches in the same VTP domain


Describe the Operation of VTP§ Describe the role VTP modes play in enabling VTP to

distribute and synchronize domain and VLAN configuration information in a network


Describe the Operation of VTP§ Explain how VTP pruning functions


Configure VTP on the Switches in a Converged Network§ Configure VTP on a Cisco Catalyst Switch


Configure VTP on the Switches in a Converged Network§ Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configuration

problems


Configure VTP on the Switches in a Converged Network§ Manage VLANs on a VTP enabled network


Summary§ VTP is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to exchange

VLAN information across trunk links.

§ A switch can be in one of 3 VTP operating modesClient

Cannot create, modify or delete VLANServer

Can create, modify & delete VLANTransparent

Can create, modify, & delete LOCAL VLANForwards VTP advertisements.


Summary

§ VTP pruningLimits unnecessary dissemination of VLAN information.

§ Verify VTP configuration Show VTP statusShow interfaces trunk


Implement Spanning Tree Protocols



Objectives§ Explain the role of redundancy in a converged

network

§ Summarize how STP works to eliminate Layer 2 loops in a converged network

§ Explain how the STP algorithm uses three steps to converge on a loop-free topology

§ Implement rapid per VLAN spanning tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN to prevent loops between redundant switches.


Explain the Role of Redundancy in a Converged Switched Network§ Describe the role redundancy in a hierarchical network


Explain the Role of Redundancy in a Converged Switched Network§ Describe how redundancy can disable a hierarchical

network


Explain the Role of Redundancy in a Converged Switched Network§ Explain how Layer 2 loops occur in well managed

networks


Summarize How STP works to Eliminate Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network § Describe the STP algorithm


Summarize How STP works to Eliminate Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network § Explain the role of the BPDU in STP


Summarize How STP works to Eliminate Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network § Explain the role of the BID in STP


Summarize How STP works to Eliminate Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network § Describe the how port roles support the operation of

STP


Summarize How STP works to Eliminate Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network § Describe the role of STP port states and BPDU timers

in the operation of STP


Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology§ Define convergence for a switched network and

summarize the 3 step process STP uses to create a loop free topology


Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology§ Explain the STP decision sequence is used to elect a

root bridge for a network


Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology§ Describe the process of electing a root port on a switch


Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology§ Describe the process of electing designated ports and

non-designated ports on a switch


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Summarize the features of the PVST+, RSTP and rapid

PVST+ variants of STP


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Describe the features of PVST+


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Describe the features of RSTP


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Describe RSTP edge ports


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Describe the RSTP link types


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Describe the RSTP port states and port roles


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Describe how to configure rapid PVST+


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Describe how to design STP to avoid problems


Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN§ Describe how to identify and solve the key STP

configuration issues


Summary§ Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loops

from being formed on redundant networks

§ STP uses different port states & timers to logically prevent loops

§ There is at least one switch in a network that serves as the root bridge

Root bridge is elected using information found in BPDU frames

§ Root ports are determined by the spanning tree algorithm and are closest to the root bridge


Summary

§ STP lengthy convergence time (50 seconds) facilitated the development of:

RSTPconvergence time is slightly over 6 seconds

Rapid PVST+adds VLAN support to RSTPis the preferred spanning-tree protocol on a Cisco switch netowrk


Implement Inter-VLAN Routing



Objectives§ Explain to the satisfaction of a qualified instructor how

network traffic is routed between VLANs in a converged network.

§ Configure inter-VLAN routing on a router to enable communications between end-user devices on separate VLANs

§ Troubleshoot common inter-VLAN connectivity issues.


Explain How Network Traffic is Routed Between VLANs in a Converged Network § Describe the routing options between VLANs


Explain How Network Traffic is Routed Between VLANs in a Converged Network § Describe the role of interfaces and subinterfaces in

supporting inter-VLAN routing


Configure Inter-VLAN Routing§ Describe the steps to configure inter-VLAN routing


Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues § Describe the common switch configuration Issues


Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues § Describe the common router configuration issues


Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues § Describe the common IP Addressing Issues


Summary§ Inter-VLAN routing is the process of routing information

between VLANs

§ Inter-VLAN routing requires the use of a router or a layer 3 switch

§ Traditional inter-VLAN routingRequires multiple router interfaces that are each connected to separate VLANs


Summary§ Router on a stick

this is an inter-VLAN routing topology that uses router sub interfaces connected to a layer 2 switch.

Each Subinterface must be configured with:An IP address Associated VLAN number

§ Configuration of inter VLAN routing–Configure switch ports connected to router with correct VLAN –Configure each router subinterface with the correct IP address & VLAN ID

§ Verify configuration on switch and router


Configure a Wireless Router



Objectives§ Describe the components and operations of basic

wireless LAN topologies.

§ Describe the components and operations of basic wireless LAN security.

§ Configure and verify basic wireless LAN access.

§ Configure and troubleshoot wireless client access.


Explain the Components and Operations of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies§ Describe why wireless LANs are a popular choice for

small business LAN implementations


Explain the Components and Operations of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies§ Describe the 802.11 wireless standards


Explain the Components and Operations of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies§ Describe the components of a 802.11-based wireless

infrastructure


Explain the Components and Operations of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies§ Describe how wireless networks operate


Explain the Components and Operations of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies§ Describe how to plan a wireless LAN


Explain the Components and Operations of Basic Wireless LAN Security§ Describe the threats to wireless LAN security


Explain the Components and Operations of Basic Wireless LAN Security§ Describe the wireless protocols. The description will

include a description of 802.1x, a comparison of WPA and WPA2 as well as comparison of TKIP and AES


Explain the Components and Operations of Basic Wireless LAN Security§ Describe how to secure a wireless LAN from the key

security threats


Configure and Verify Basic Wireless LAN Access§ Configure a wireless access point


Configure and Verify Basic Wireless LAN Access§ Configure a wireless NIC


Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless Client Access§ Describe how to solve access point firmware issues


Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless Client Access§ Describe how to solve incorrect channel settings


Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless Client Access§ Describe how to solve common RF interference issues


Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless Client Access§ Describe how to correct antenna misplacement


Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless Client Access§ Describe how to solve the common problems

associated with wireless LAN encryption types


Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless Client Access§ Describe how to solve authentication problems

associated with wireless LANs


Summary§ Wireless LANs use standards such as

IEEE 802.11aIEEE 802.11bIEEE 802.11gIEEE 802.11n

§ Basic Service set–Mobile clients use a single access point for connectivity

§ Extended service set–Multiple access point that share an SSID


Summary§ WLAN security practices/methods include

–MAC address filtering–SSID making–Implementing WPA2

§ Configuration of wireless NIC and access point–Configure both of them the same way

•SSID–Ensure that the latest firmware is installed

§ Troubleshooting WLANs include doing the following:–Check channel setting–Check for interference

resumen materia conmutacion y ruteo ii

Documents

cisco systems

cisco publicite

cisco switches

appropriate cisco switch

hierarchical network

hierarchical layer

hierarchical networks

network performance