Retrofit solutions to meet Euro VI requirements

12th March 2015

Dan Williams

Account Executive – HDD Non-road and Retrofit

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Global legislation chart

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Background

• Many countries are facing EU infraction proceedings for exceeding levels of harmful pollutants.

• There has been an increased focus on Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) with London and Paris recently coming under the spotlight.

• Currently within the UK 16 out of 43 zones are not complying with the EU annual limits for NO2 (40μg/m³) with some breaking the hourly limit (200 μg/m³).

• Many European countries and cities are looking to initiate Low Emission Zones (or schemes) that will target reducing emissions of NOX and NO2 with either defined limits, or stipulating a minimum Euro standard of vehicle being able to enter the zone.

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Transport for London - ULEZ

• Transport for London (TfL) have recently published, as part of the Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) consultation process a list of typical emissions of double-deck buses operating in London.

• These have been measured over the Millbrook London Transport Bus (MLTB) drive cycle.

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What is considered Euro VI ‘equivalent’?

• Meeting equivalent emissions levels over a ‘real world driving cycle’ such as MLTB?

• Meeting Euro VI emissions targets over a simulated legislative test such as World Harmonised Vehicle Cycle (WHVC)*?

• Meeting all requirements as defined in EU directive No 595/2009 for Euro VI type approval?

• Meeting in-field conformity requirements (still to be defined by the European Commission)?

• Additional consideration for Secondary Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Methane (CH4) – Not currently legislated in Europe?

*NB: WHVC is NOT used for regulatory testing

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Transport for London view on ‘Euro VI’

Target emissions:

• NOX – 0.5g/km• NO2 – 0.1g/km• PM – 0.01g/km• PN – 6.0x1011

Secondary Emissions:

• <10ppm NH3

• <5% CO2eq of N2O and CH4

Courtesy of Finn Coyle (Over-ground Emissions Manager TfL)

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Testing Methods

• Chassis Dynamometer testing:• MLTB• WHVC

• Engine Testbed:• WHTC

• PEMS – in-field

• Other methods?

• Retrofit NOX monitoring/logging physical downloads?

• Remote monitoring solutions?

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Chassis Dyno testingMLTB and WHVC

MLTB:• Simulating real world conditions for

route 159 (Streatham to Baker Street via Whitehall and Oxford Street)

• Considered the UK (and some European) standard for bus emissions testing

WHVC:• Chassis dynamometer test

developed based on the same set of data used for the development of the World Harmonized Transient Cycle

• NB: NOT used for regulatory testing

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PEMS – Portable Emissions Measurement System

• Specialist equipment that can measure emissions of vehicles whilst operating in real world conditions.

• Used by Brighton and Hove (with Ricardo AEA) to monitor bus fleet ahead of LEZ introduction

Air Quality News - November 28, 2014

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Potential challenges?

• Removal of existing after treatment system

• Limited space to install new after treatment system

• Meeting emissions for legislative and ULEZ limits

• On-board diagnostic integration

• VCA Type Approval if removing existing aftertreatment

• Every vehicle has different requirements / challenges

• Local regulations

• Temperatures required for reductant (AdBlue™) injection

• Hybrid start/stop technology and associated thermal management