revc standard operating guideline (sog)...

REVC

STANDARD OPERATING GUIDELINE (SOG)

FOR

RADIOLOGICAL INFORMATION and CONTROL (RIC)

IN SUPPORT OF THE

NUCLEAR POWER ELECTRICAL GENERATION

PROGRAM MANUAL, REP APPLICABLE CRITERION

NUREG CRITERION H.7

NUREG CRITERION J.10.e

NUREG CRITERION J.10.f

NUREG CRITERION J.9

NUREG CRITERION K.3.a

NUREG CRITERION K.3.b

NUREG CRITERION K.4

NUREG CRITERION K.5.a

NUREG CRITERION L.1

NUREG CRITERION L.4

MARCH 1, 2015

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RADIOLOGICAL INFORMATION AND CONTROL

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................ 1

2.0 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 1

3.0 REFERENCES & SOURCE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................... 1

4.0 GLOSSARY / ABBREVIATIONS / DEFINITIONS ............................................................ 2

5.0 CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS ......................................................................................... 3

6.0 EXPOSURE CONTROL ................................................................................................... 5

7.0 PERSONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE RECORD CARDS ............................................... 8

8.0 PERMANENT RECORD DOSIMETERS .......................................................................... 9

9.0 DIRECT READING DOSIMETERS ................................................................................ 10

10.0 POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI) .............................................................................................. 11

11.0 CONTAMINATION CONTROL and DETECTION .......................................................... 14

12.0 EVENT DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................... 18

ATTACHMENT 1 – PERSONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE RECORD CARD ......................... 20

ATTACHMENT 2 – NCDENR OCCUPATIONAL DOSE RECORD FORM .............................. 22

ATTACHMENT 3 – DOSIMETRY ISSUE RECORD FORM ..................................................... 24

ATTACHMENT 4 – DOSIMETER PLACEMENT ...................................................................... 25

ATTACHMENT 5 – DOSIMETER CHARGER OPERATION .................................................... 26

ATTACHMENT 6 – KI BRIEFING/INFORMATION SHEET ...................................................... 30

ATTACHMENT 7 – KI LOG FORM .......................................................................................... 31

ATTACHMENT 8 – WHOLE BODY CONTAMINATION SURVEY GUIDE ............................... 32

ATTACHMENT 9 – EVACUEE / EMERGENCY WORKER CONTAMINATION RECORD ...... 34

ATTACHMENT 10 – BACKGROUND READINGS FORM ....................................................... 35

ATTACHMENT 11 – HANDHELD SURVEY METER – SETUP FOR OPERATION ................ 37

ATTACHMENT 12 – PORTAL MONITOR OPERATION – LUDLUM MODEL 52 & 52-1-1 ...... 38

ATTACHMENT 13 – PORTAL MONITOR CARD..................................................................... 41

ATTACHMENT 14 – PPE DONNING / DOFFING GUIDE ....................................................... 44

ATTACHMENT 15 – EMERGENCY EXPOSURE AUTHORIZATION GUIDANCE .................. 53

ATTACHMENT 16 – CONVERTING CPM TO MR/HR USING HANDHELD METERS ............ 57

ATTACHMENT 17 – SUPPORTING LETTERS ....................................................................... 58

ATTACHMENT 18 - PROGRAM MANUAL SOG APPLICABLE CRITERION .......................... 60

ATTACHMENT 19 – REVISION SUMMARY ........................................................................... 61

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STANDARD OPERATING GUIDELINE RADIOLOGICAL INFORMATION AND CONTROL

1.0 PURPOSE

This Standard Operating Guideline (SOG) provides guidance for radiation protection, monitoring, detection, and documentation. It also includes guidance for the operation of equipment designated for use within the county’s Radiological Emergency Preparedness (REP) program (i.e. dosimeters, portal monitors, etc.).

2.0 SCOPE

This SOG provides guidelines for REVC volunteers participating in response and recovery activities related to a radiological emergency at a nuclear power electrical generation site. The overarching goal of this SOG is to provide methods, limits, controls, and techniques that will maintain the volunteer’s exposure As Low As Reasonably Achievable.

3.0 REFERENCES & SOURCE DOCUMENTS

North Carolina Radiological Emergency Response Plan, North Carolina Emergency Operations Plan, Annex B, Appendix 8 (January 2012)

Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1, Rev. 1 (November 1980). (Includes Addenda (March 2002), Supplement 1 (September 1988), Supplement 3, Rev. 1 (March 2010), and Supplement 4 (April 2012)).

Program Manual, Radiological Emergency Preparedness, (current revision)

Guidance on Offsite Emergency Radiation Measurement Systems, FEMA-REP-2, Rev. 2 (January 2003).

Contamination Monitoring Standard for A Portal Monitor Used for Emergency Response, FEMA-REP-21 (March 1995).

Contamination Monitoring Guidance for Portable Instruments Used for Radiological Emergency Response to Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, FEMA-REP-22 (October 2002).

Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents, EPA-400-R-92-001 (May 1992).

Standards for Protection Against Radiation, 15A NCAC 11.1600

REVC Training SOG, (current revision)

Ludlum Model 26 Frisker User’s Manual, (March 2014).

Ludlum Model 52, 52-1-1, 52-5, and 52-5-1 Portable Scintillation Portal Monitors Technical Manual, Ludlum Measurements (March 2012).

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4.0 GLOSSARY / ABBREVIATIONS / DEFINITIONS

AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE (ALARA): Radiation protection principle in which every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below EPA recommended dose limits whenever possible.

CDE: Committed Dose Equivalent (organ exposure)

CPM: Counts per Minute (used for contamination monitoring)

DIRECT READING DOSIMETER (DRD): Personal radiation monitoring device that indicates gamma radiation exposure which can be read in the field. Requires an auxiliary charging device (dosimeter charger) (sometimes referred to as SRPD or self reading pocket dosimeter).

EMERGENCY WORKER (EW): an individual who has an essential mission to protect the health and safety of the public and could be exposed to ionizing radiation from the plume or its deposition. This includes volunteers within REVC.

EMS: Emergency Medical Services

EOC: Emergency Operations Center

EPZ: 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone around a nuclear power plant

INTERMEDIATE PHASE: The period beginning after the utility has verified that the release has been terminated. Reliable environmental measurements are available for use as a basis for decisions on additional protective actions. It extends until these additional protective actions are terminated. This phase may overlap the late phase and may last from weeks to many months. The phase encompasses REP post-plume activities associated with both ingestion and relocation.

LATE PHASE: The period beginning when recovery action designed to reduce radiation levels in the environment to acceptable levels for unrestricted use are commenced, and ending when all recovery actions have been completed. This period may extend from months to years. REP post-plume activities associated with return and recovery occur during the late phase.

MILLIREM (mREM): 1/1,000 of a REM.

MONITORING PAD: An easily removed disposable floor cover (paper or polyethylene) used during individual contamination monitoring. May feature multiple tacky (sticky) side-up layers which can be removed as dirt, dust, or contamination build up.

NCEM: North Carolina Emergency Management

NCRPS: North Carolina Radiation Protection Section

ORO: Off-site Response Organization

PAG: Protective Action Guide. The projected dose to an individual in the general population that warrants the implementation of protective action.

PERMANENT RECORD DOSIMETER (PRD): Personal radiation monitoring device that indicates beta and gamma radiation exposure and must be read in a laboratory (previously called TLD or Thermoluminescent Dosimeter).

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GLOSSARY / ABBREVIATIONS / DEFINITIONS, continued

PLUME PHASE (also Early or Emergency): The period at the beginning of the a nuclear incident when immediate decisions for effective use of protective actions are required and must therefore usually be based primarily on the status of the nuclear power plant and the prognosis for worsening conditions. This phase lasts hours to several days and ends when the radioactive release ends.

PORTAL MONITOR: A portable device used to quickly measure contamination on ambulatory evacuees.

POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI): Potassium Iodide tablets or solution indicated for prevention of radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid.

RADIOLOGICAL CONTROL: All methods, limits, controls, and techniques used to maintain radiation doses As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA).

RCCC: Reception Center and Congregate Care

REVC: Radiological Emergency Volunteer Corps

ROENTGEN EQUIVALENT MAN (REM): The unit of dose for ionizing radiation that produces biological effect as a unit of absorbed dose of ordinary x-rays. A unit of dose for measuring the amount of ionizing radiation energy absorbed by biological tissue.

ROENTGEN (R): The unit of gamma or x-ray exposure in air. For the purpose of this guidance, one R of exposure (as read on a dosimeter) is approximately equal to one REM of whole-body external dose.

RSO: Radiation Safety Officer

SERT: State Emergency Response Team

SRPD: Self Reading Pocket Dosimeter (also referred to as direct read dosimeter)

STEP OFF PAD (SOP): A durable floor cover (lexan, paper, or polyethylene) which serves as the physical boundary between clean and contaminated areas (cold and warm zones).

TEDE: Total Effective Dose Equivalent. The sum of the deep dose equivalent (for external exposures) and for committed effective dose equivalent (for internal exposures).

TOREV: Team of Radiological Emergency Volunteers

5.0 CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS

5.1 Direction and Control

5.1.1 Radiological dose control is the responsibility of every volunteer engaged in response and recovery activities as a result of a nuclear power electrical generation site emergency. Potential response sites include;

5.1.1.1 Brunswick Nuclear Plant [2 Units-Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) design]

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5.1.1.2 Catawba Nuclear Station (North Carolina response only) [2 Units-Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) design]

5.1.1.3 Harris Nuclear Plant [1 Unit-Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) design]

5.1.1.4 McGuire Nuclear Station [2 Units-Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) design]

5.1.2 County Emergency Management is responsible for:

a. Ensuring that the methods, limits, controls, and techniques contained in this Standard Operating Guideline meet applicable regulations, guidelines, manufacturer’s recommendations, and industry standards. Providing direction and control that reflects due consideration for As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principles while remaining focused on life safety, incident stabilization, and protection of critical infrastructure and the environment.

b. Exercising authority to permit specialized emergency workers to exceed administrative dose limits to ensure a prompt, coordinated response to the affected nuclear site to support critical life-saving, law enforcement, and accident mitigation activities.

c. Identifying a Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) who will provide technical support within the Emergency Operation Center in cooperation with the North Carolina Radiation Protection Section.

5.1.3 NC Radiation Protection Section (NCRPS) will provide technical guidance on

radiation control activities. Radiation Protection Section has statewide responsibility for coordination of radiological monitoring, decontamination, and waste storage and disposal.

5.1.4 REVC Coordinator is responsible for:

a. Ensuring that the methods, limits, controls, and techniques contained in

this Standard Operating Guideline are understood by the responding volunteers using the training formats laid out in the REVC Training SOG.

NOTE: REVC volunteers are considered “emergency workers” when responding to a

nuclear event. They will fall under the authority and direction of the established “command and control” positions within the response organization.

NOTE: All volunteers reserve the right to refuse any assignment for any reason.

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6.0 EXPOSURE CONTROL

6.1 Dose limits, as provided in EPA 400-R-92-001 for emergency workers, apply only during the Emergency Phase. The emergency phase ends when (1) the utility determines that the release has terminated, and (2) the responsible Off-site Response Organization has determined that public safety is ensured by appropriate protective actions in accordance with applicable Protective Action Guidelines and that valuable property has been protected. This would include the Re-entry phase of the event.

6.2 Permanent Record Dosimeters (PRD), Direct Reading Dosimeters (DRD), and

Personal Radiation Exposure Record Forms (see Attachment 1) are utilized to control and document emergency worker radiation exposures.

6.3 The radioprotective drug Potassium Iodide (KI) has been adopted for use in

blocking the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland for emergency workers and the public. The Total Effective Dose Equivalent calculation for emergency workers who have ingested potassium iodide does not include the contribution from thyroid dose due to inhalation of radioiodine, because that contribution will be minimal if potassium iodide is administered prior to exposure.

6.4 Emergency workers will be limited to non-pregnant adults (at least 18 years

old).

6.5 Dose Limits

6.5.1 Dose limits during the EMERGENCY PHASE (PLUME PHASE)

6.5.1.1 Exposure control practices during the Emergency Phase are established to ensure that the accumulative radiation dose to emergency workers and the general public remain As Low As Reasonably Achievable, ALARA and do not exceed the following Environmental Protection Agency limits1 as measured by a direct reading dosimeter: a. 5 R for any emergency activities; b. 10 R for protecting valuable property when lower dose is not

practicable (feasible); c. 25 R for life-saving activities or protection of large

populations when lower dose is not practicable; and d. Greater than 25 R for life-saving activities or protection of

large populations where only emergency workers who volunteer for higher doses are allowed and only if they have been made fully aware of the risks.

1 EPA-400-R-92-001

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NOTE: Emergency workers must have approval to exceed the 5 R dose limit (See item 6.5.1.3 below).

6.5.1.2 Until evacuation of the general public is complete, monitoring of

emergency worker dose is based only on gamma radiation exposure as measured by a direct reading dosimeter without regard to additional dose received from inhalation AND beta exposure. Emergency workers entering the 10 Mile EPZ MAY be assigned a lower Administrative Dose Limit until the PRD can be read and exposure for the person is verified accurate.

6.5.1.3 Emergency workers must receive approval from the Most Senior official in the EOC or designee prior to exceeding the 5 R dose limit, or an Administrative Limit (if imposed).

6.5.2 Dose Limit extensions during EMERGENCY PHASE (PLUME PHASE)

During an event a critical mission may occur that requires a higher exposure limit. The following guidance will be used to ensure the health and safety of the individual is maintained, but provide extra-ordinary means to save a life or protect critical infrastructure (use Attachment 15 as needed).

Note: Use the Quick Reference Chart for Dose Exposure to Individual if dose rates in area are known. This will provide stay times for individuals to ensure exposure limits are not exceeded. Note: The most senior official for the responding county approves all exposure limits that exceed the 5 Rem Total Effective Dose Equivalent State Turn-back value.

6.5.3 Once the request is made known, the County Health Director, Emergency Operation Center Director, and/or Radiation Safety Officer would discuss the need for increased exposure to the individual(s).

6.5.4 Using risk assessment strategies compare the mission requirements to additional exposure to individual and the potential health risks. All avenues should be addressed prior to the approval of higher exposure limits to emergency workers. These include; 6.5.4.1 Comparing the requested mission to the increased health risks

to the individual(s) 6.5.4.2 Using multiple emergency workers for the mission allowing

exposure to remain below the 5 Rem Total Effective Dose Equivalent limit.

6.5.4.3 The use of time, distance and shielding to provide adequate exposure control during the mission.

6.5.5 The most senior official for the county APPROVES or DISAPPROVES the extension based on the above decisions.

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6.5.6 Once the mission has been completed, remove the individual from the restricted/exposure area and complete the Emergency Exposure Authorization Form.

Note: Since time can be a factor in emergency exposure approval verses mission urgency; telecom, computer processing or other means can be used to expedite the process. Note: Dose to emergency workers is treated as a “once-in-a-lifetime exposure” and is not added to occupational radiation exposure accumulated under non-emergency conditions.

6.5.7 Dose Limits during the INTERMEDIATE PHASE and LATE PHASE (POST-

PLUME PHASE) Exposure control practices during the Intermediate and Late Phases are controlled according to dose limits for occupational exposure, as identified in 15A NCAC 11.16002 or 10CFR203, whichever is more restrictive (Generally 5 R per year for a non-pregnant adult).

6.5.8 Categories of Emergency Workers Emergency worker categories are based on the potential relative risk of personal exposure for assigned tasks, and provide the minimum dosimetry required for that position: a. CATEGORY 1 Emergency Worker

Category 1 is defined as emergency workers who are assigned to operate inside the 10-mile EPZ during the Emergency Phase of an accident, or could potentially work in a high radiation exposure area greater than 0.1 R/hr (> 100 mR/hr). Minimum Dosimetry: One (1) permanent record dosimeter and one (1) high-range (0-20R) direct reading dosimeter.

2 NC Administrative Code 15A NCAC 11.1600 Standards for Protection Against Radiation 3 NRC Regulations (10CFR) Part 20 – Standards for Protection Against Radiation

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b. CATEGORY 2 Emergency Worker Category 2 is defined as emergency workers who could be exposed to ionizing radiation outside the 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone during the Emergency Phase of an accident, or could potentially work inside the 10-mile during the Intermediate or Late Phases (Post-Plume Phase) provided radiation levels will not exceed 0.1 R/hr (< 100 mR/hr). Minimum Dosimetry: One (1) permanent record dosimeter and EITHER one (1) high-range (0-20R) direct reading dosimeter or one (1) low-range (0-200 mR) direct reading dosimeter.

6.5.9 In the event emergency workers are assigned to work together as a team in

close proximity to each other, a single direct reading dosimeter may be worn by a designated team member. All workers must still wear a permanent record dosimeter.

6.5.10 Minimum dosimetry requirements and Administrative Dose Limits for emergency workers may be modified by County or State Emergency Management based on assignment and ongoing release assessment.

6.5.11 Permanent record dosimeters will be submitted to a contract laboratory to

be read. Dose levels will be analyzed by Radiation Protection Section, and an Occupational Dose Record (see Attachment 2) form will be completed for each emergency worker.

7.0 PERSONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE RECORD CARDS

7.1 Personal Radiation Exposure Record Cards (see Attachment 1) are provided to each emergency worker when dosimetry or potassium iodide is issued.

7.2 The card serves is a record of accumulated radiation dose as measured using a direct reading dosimeter. It also capture’s direct reading dosimeter and permanent record dosimeter serial numbers, potassium iodide lot number, and the date and time of potassium iodide ingestion. It also provides quick reference information for emergency workers.

7.3 Emergency workers will maintain their card for the duration of the incident. If the emergency worker runs out of room to record readings, additional cards may be stapled to the original.

7.4 Completed cards will be submitted to the County Emergency Operation Center

after the incident is terminated, or if the emergency worker will not be returning for another operational period.

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8.0 PERMANENT RECORD DOSIMETERS 8.1 County Emergency Management will distribute permanent record dosimeters to

emergency workers. Permanent record dosimeters may be pre-distributed with equipment caches or deployed from a single storage location after an emergency is declared.

8.2 Permanent record dosimeters and all Dosimeter Logs form (see Attachment 3) documenting who they were assigned to will be returned to the County Emergency Management at the termination of the event.

8.3 Emergency workers issued a permanent record dosimeter shall:

8.3.1 Indicate the permanent record dosimeter serial number on their Personal Radiation Exposure Record Card.

8.3.2 Wear the permanent record dosimeter on the front of the body between the neck and the waist (see Attachment 4).

8.3.3 Wear the permanent record dosimeter on the first layer of clothing, prior to donning personal protective equipment (personal protective equipment, i.e. Tyvek coveralls, bunker gear).

8.3.4 Wear the permanent record dosimeter with the front side facing away from the body. The county name and serial number is printed on the front side. The permanent record dosimeter should be secured to clothing or a lanyard with the spring-loaded clip (or equivalent) in such a manner to secure it during expected work activities.

8.3.5 Emergency workers will be assigned a single permanent record dosimeter for the duration of the incident or until a new PRD is issued at the guidance of Radiation Protection Section. Emergency workers WILL NOT swap or otherwise transfer an assigned permanent record dosimeter to another worker.

8.4 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS:

The permanent record dosimeter and direct reading dosimeter should be worn close together to allow the same exposure to be received by both devices. However, the permanent record dosimeter will remain under the personal protective equipment, and the direct reading dosimeter will remain outside the personal protective equipment for field readings.

Actual permanent record dosimeters will not be used during exercises, drills, or training. Emergency workers should wear simulated permanent record dosimeters for these activities (e.g., clothespin, paper simulation, cardboard, etc.).

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9.0 DIRECT READING DOSIMETERS 9.1 County Emergency Management will distribute direct reading dosimeters to

emergency workers. Direct reading dosimeters may be pre-distributed with equipment caches or deployed from a single storage location after an emergency is declared.

9.2 Direct reading dosimeters and all records (forms) documenting who they were assigned to will be returned to the County Emergency Management at the termination of the event.

9.3 Direct reading dosimeters must be re-zeroed prior to use:

9.3.1 For zeroing (charging) the pen shaped, carbon fiber ion chamber style of direct reading dosimeters, see Attachment 5.

NOTE: A CD V-750 Model 5/6, Model 909 or equivalent dosimeter charger is required.

9.4 Direct reading dosimeters will be read every 15 to 30 minutes, unless otherwise

directed, based on the intensity of the radiation field the emergency worker is in. A higher intensity radiation field will require the emergency worker to check more frequently (at least every 15 minutes) to ensure they do not exceed dose limits.

9.5 Emergency workers issued a direct reading dosimeter shall:

9.5.1 Indicate the dosimeter type (i.e. ArrowTech 730, 0-20R, or High Range), the direct reading dosimeter serial number, and the initial reading on their Personal Radiation Exposure Record Card.

9.5.2 Wear the direct reading dosimeter on the front of the body between the neck and the waist (see Attachment 4).

9.5.3 Secure the direct reading dosimeter outside of clothing and personal protective equipment, to allow easy access for reading the device while in the field.

9.5.4 The direct reading dosimeter should be attached with the spring-loaded clip (or equivalent) in such a manner to secure the direct reading dosimeter during normal work activities.

9.5.5 Indicate any readings above zero on the Personal Radiation Exposure Record Card.

9.5.6 At the end of the operational period (shift):

Indicate the final reading on the Personal Radiation Exposure Record Card.

Subtract the initial reading from the final reading, and record the result under the “Reading Exposure R” column. This represents the emergency worker’s accumulated dose for a single operational period.

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Add all values listed under “Reading Exposure R” and record the result under the “Total Exposure R” column. This represents the emergency worker’s accumulated dose for the entire incident.

Ensure that accumulated dose is within exposure limits printed on card. Notify supervisor or County Emergency Operation Center if accumulated dose is approaching or has exceeded exposure limits.

Return the direct reading dosimeters to the equipment officer.

9.6 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS:

A direct reading dosimeter that is not zeroed can be used as long as its current reading is listed as the initial value on the “Start” row of the Personal Radiation Exposure Record Card.

If a direct reading dosimeter behaves erratically when charging4 or on startup5 DO NOT use the device. There should be sufficient supplies to replace the dosimeter or a single direct reading dosimeters’ readings may be shared for emergency workers operating in close proximity to each other.

Direct reading dosimeters may be reassigned as needed during an incident as long as the exposure for the first worker is documented on the Personal Radiation Exposure Record Card is documented prior to reassigning the device.

CAUTION: If a direct reading dosimeter goes off-scale5 or a HIGH DOSE or HIGH RATE alarm activates6, leave the area immediately. Notify a supervisor, record the time it was noticed, identify others in the area that may have received the same dose, re-zero (charge) the dosimeter and await further instructions. DO NOT go back into the area without authorization from your supervisor.

Emergency workers will communicate any exposure to their supervisor.

10.0 POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI) 10.1 The radioprotective drug Potassium Iodide (KI) has been adopted for use in

blocking the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland.

10.2 It is the responsibility of County/State Public Health Director, or the Radiation Protection Section designee, to approve the administration of potassium iodide to emergency workers.

4 For pen style direct reading dosimeters 5 For electronic dosimeters

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10.3 Potassium Iodide Distribution

a. It is the responsibility of the County Public Health Department, in cooperation with County Emergency Management, to ensure that potassium iodide is delivered to designated emergency worker distribution sites (Staging Area, County Emergency Operation Center, etc.).

b. The County EOC will provide each emergency worker with 130 mg of potassium iodide, and the potassium iodide Information sheet (see Attachment 6) or equivalent.

c. The Radiation Safety Officer, or their designee, will use a potassium iodide Log form (see Attachment 7) or equivalent to capture each emergency worker’s Name, Agency, Social Security Number, Assignment, and potassium iodide Lot Number. If the potassium iodide is to be ingested immediately, the date and time is recorded; otherwise the field is left blank.

d. Potassium iodide Log forms will be submitted to the County Public Health Director.

e. Emergency workers will be cautioned not to ingest the potassium iodide until instructed to do so by their supervisor, or the County Emergency Operation Center.

10.4 Potassium Iodide Dosage

a. Potassium Iodide is supplied in a foil strip, cross-scored tablet, 65 mg. b. The typical dose regimen is 130 mg per day, for ten (10) days, unless

otherwise directed by County/State Public Health. c. Self-administration of potassium iodide, after permission is given, is voluntary

for emergency workers. 10.5 Potassium Iodide Administration

a. It is the responsibility of County/State Public Health Director, or the Radiation

Protection Section designee, to approve the administration of potassium iodide to emergency workers.

b. The recommendation will be based on the suspected, projected, or confirmed presence of radioactive iodine in an accidental release. Potassium Iodide will be recommended when any thyroid exposure (not a whole body exposure) is reasonably suspected, projected, or confirmed. There is no protective action guideline dose threshold that must be reached, only the possible or actual presence of radioactive iodine.

c. When permission is given, and unless otherwise directed, emergency workers will take 130 mg of KI.

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d. Various agencies involved with specialized emergency worker responsibilities can be granted standing permission to self-administer 130 mg of potassium iodide in the event of a radiological release, prior to entering the plume or affected areas, if it is not practical to contact the County Emergency Operation Center. Specialized emergency workers are those providing onsite or near-site critical life-saving, law enforcement, and accident mitigation activities. These specialized emergency workers include:

Agencies involved with waterway warning on Lake Norman

Law enforcement officers involved in onsite hostile action suppression (including Specialized Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams, bomb squads, canine (K9) teams)

Fire department personnel involved in onsite fire suppression, medical emergency response, or decontamination operations

Emergency Medical Service personnel involved in onsite medical emergency response (includes tactical medics embedded with Specialized Weapons and Tactics teams)

Incident management personnel coordinating operations from an onsite or near-site Incident Command Post

Mutual aid personnel

Emergency workers assigned to support State field monitoring teams

10.6 Potassium Iodide Side Effects 10.6.1 Potential side of effects of potassium iodide include:

a. Intestinal upset. b. Allergic reaction (possibly severe). c. Rashes. d. Inflammation of the salivary glands. e. Iodism (metallic taste, burning mouth and throat, sore teeth and gums,

symptoms of a head cold, stomach upset, and diarrhea). f. Rarely may cause over-activity, under-activity, or enlargement of the

thyroid gland (goiter). g. Serious allergic reaction may include:

Fever and joint pain.

Swelling of parts of face and body.

Occasional severe shortness of breath (WARNING – Shortness of breath requires immediate medical attention).

10.6.2 Adverse health effects are more likely if you (1) take a higher than

recommended dose of potassium iodide, (2) take the drug for several days, or (3) have pre-existing thyroid disease.

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11.0 CONTAMINATION CONTROL and DETECTION 11.1 Contamination control includes the methods, limits, controls, and techniques

used to limit the spread of loose radioactive material released during a nuclear power plant accident.

11.2 All evacuees and emergency workers who were within the Emergency Planning Zone after a radiation release has occurred should have a Whole Body Survey for contamination (see Attachment 8).

NOTE: Thyroid monitoring (see Attachment 8) is only required if requested by the County Emergency Operation Center.

11.3 An Evacuee/Emergency Worker Contamination Record form (see Attachment 9) should be completed for any person found to be contaminated.

11.4 Background Level

11.4.1 Background radiation levels are determined by setting the instrument so it displays in Counts per Minute and observing the readings for 30 to 60 seconds with the Geiger-Mueller “pancake” detector uncovered. Note the highest and lowest observed values, and determine an average by dividing the sum of the highest and lowest value by 2.

BACKGROUND = (HIGHEST CPM1 MIN + LOWEST CPM1 MIN) ÷ 2

NOTE: Normal background radiation levels are approximately 60 Counts per Minute in most areas of North Carolina.

11.4.2 Record background radiation readings on a Background Placard (see Attachment 10) posted in a conspicuous location. Update the form at least once a shift, or more often if needed.

11.4.3 If the background exceeds 100 Counts per Minute, contact the Radiation Safety Officer for the facility, or the County Emergency Operation Center, to determine if area is acceptable for continued use.

11.5 Action Level

Any person, property, vehicle, apparatus, or equipment with surface contamination levels found to exceed the Action Level (greater than or equal to 300 Counts per Minute (CPM) using a Ludlum Model 26 or equivalent meter) is considered contaminated, and must be reported to the Emergency Operation Center Radiation Safety Officer.

Anything with contamination levels found to be below the Action Level are considered uncontaminated (clean).

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11.6 Handheld Contamination Survey Meters 11.6.1 A survey instrument equipped with a pancake detector will be used for

contamination surveys (frisking…). 11.6.2 Emergency workers will refer to instrument-specific Setup, Operation, and

Precautions guidance provided by Attachment 11 for operation of contamination survey instruments currently in use.

11.6.3 Contamination levels should be recorded in units of Counts per Minute (CPM) when using a Ludlum Model 26 or equivalent meter.

11.7 Portal Monitors

11.7.1 Portable portal monitors are utilized to rapidly survey large numbers of

evacuees and are factory programmed to alarm upon detection of a 1.0 µCi Cs137 or greater source in a 10 µR/hr background field, in accordance with FEMA standards6. Action Level and other operational parameters are stored in non-volatile memory that does not require battery backup.

11.7.2 The portal monitors in use report contamination levels in Counts per Minute (for the Ludlum Model 52) or Counts per 0.2 Seconds (for the Ludlum Model 52-1-1), however they are used only to indicate the presence of significant contamination.

11.7.3 Emergency workers will refer to instrument-specific Setup, Operation, and Precautions guidance provided by Attachment 12 for operation of portable radiation portal monitors currently in use.

11.7.4 Emergency workers will record the location of the contamination alarm as indicated on the portal monitor on an Evacuee/Emergency Worker Portal Monitor Card (see Attachment 13), but unless otherwise instructed are not required to document the level of contamination.

NOTE: Portal monitors may be connected to a printer via RS-232 serial cable to automatically print the results of a contamination alarm (see Attachment 13). This receipt may be used in lieu of an Evacuee/Emergency Worker Portal Monitor Card. NOTE: Portal monitors are used as a “Go, no Go” test for contamination. For this reason the portal monitors are not required to have an annual calibration performed. 11.8 Personal Protective Equipment

11.8.1 Specific Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for emergency workers is

recommended based on (1) an emergency worker’s role and specific tasks, and (2) the risk of contamination.

11.8.2 Personal protective equipment can protect against internal contamination, external contamination (via inhalation, ingestion, absorption through open wounds), and other physical hazards (e.g., debris, fire/heat, or chemicals).

6 FEMA-REP-21

16

11.8.3 Personal protective equipment cannot protect against exposure from high energy, highly penetrating forms of ionizing radiation associated with most radiation emergencies.

11.8.4 Attachment 14 includes the recommended personal protective equipment for emergency workers based on the emergency worker’s role and specific tasks, and relative risk of contamination.

11.8.5 Attachment 14 provides donning (dressing) and doffing (undressing) instructions that should be followed by emergency workers required to wear personal protective equipment. It is recommended that someone read the step-by-step instructions to emergency workers as they don and doff their personal protective equipment.

NOTE: Instructions are NOT provided for donning or doffing of firefighter bunker gear. It is assumed that individuals will already have a working knowledge of this process.

11.8.6 Soiled/used personal protective equipment should be double-bagged and

secured as contaminated solid waste until it can be removed.

NOTE: Agencies may use different brands and styles of attire to meet or exceed the personal protective equipment guidance provided. Donning and doffing procedures may need to be modified to accommodate these differences.

11.9 Contamination Control Practices for Emergency Workers 11.9.1 Emergency workers should take care not to rub their own exposed skin

with potentially contaminated hands. 11.9.2 Restrict access to all papered/plastic walkways, monitoring, and

decontamination areas until they have been surveyed and determined to be uncontaminated.

11.9.3 Keep all areas of emergency facilities clean, orderly, and contamination free to the extent practicable during operations.

11.9.4 Emergency workers should shower and change clothes as soon as practicable (feasible), even if found not to be contaminated.

11.10 Contamination Control for Reception Centers

11.10.1 Treatment, triage, and transport of contaminated ill or injured evacuees

and emergency workers will be provided by County Emergency Medical Services and local agreement hospitals or medical centers in accordance with Emergency Medical System Treatment Protocols and standard operating guidelines.

11.10.2 Evacuees and emergency workers who are monitored and found NOT to be contaminated will be advised to bathe and change clothes at their convenience within three (3) days. This is achieved through posting signs and/or providing handouts.

17

11.10.3 Evacuees and emergency workers who are (1) injured, or (2) suspected to have suffered a severe radiation exposure (> 25 R), will be immediately evaluated by medical personnel at the Reception Center, as directed by the Emergency Operation Center Radiation Safety Officer.

11.10.4 Care should be taken not to spread contamination to uncontaminated areas of the body, wounds, eyes, or body orifices (mouth, nose, ears).

11.10.5 Decontaminate areas of highest contamination first. 11.10.6 Avoid decontamination techniques or duration that results in abrading or

reddening of the skin, which could result in internal contamination. Immediately discontinue decontamination efforts if abrasion or reddening is observed, and notify the Emergency Operation Center Radiation Safety Officer.

11.10.7 Use lukewarm7 water for washing to reduce the possibility of contamination entering the body through opened pores of the skin.

11.10.8 Instruct contaminated individuals to take care removing clothing in a manner that prevents the spread of contamination. This includes:

Remove contaminated clothing without shaking or brushing;

If possible, roll clothing as it is removed so contamination is trapped inside;

Placing removed clothing and property into bags and sealing.

11.10.9 Collect, identify, and secure clothing and personal belongings so they may be cleaned and returned to the owner. This includes:

Indicate property owner ID on all bags through use of sequentially numbered tags or labels (i.e. numbered re-dress kits, wristbands with barcodes and tear-off tabs, adhesive labels, etc.). If supplies of tags and labels are insufficient, mark bags with identifying information (name, date of birth, driver’s license number, etc.) using a permanent marker.

Property bags should be sealed with tape when possible, and the seal initialed by the emergency worker.

A Property Receipt form (see RCCC Standard Operating Guideline) will be completed for each individual, identifying the owner, describing the property collected, and establishing a chain-of-custody. If available, a copy of the completed form should be provided to the property owner after they have been successfully decontaminated.

Collect multiple bags into cardboard boxes, labeled with the facility name and date (ex “Lincolnton High School RCCC, 8/31/2013”). When full, boxes should be taped shut, marked as contaminated, and the seal initialed by the emergency worker.

7 Cold water tends to close pores, trapping contamination. Hot water tends to open pores, allowing contamination to enter.

18

Boxes containing contaminated property could be a source of additional radiation exposure and increased background radiation. They should be moved to a holding area as they accumulate to be secured until removal.

11.10.10 Collect and secure all potentially contaminated solid waste (i.e. towels, washcloths, soap bars, etc.). When possible, waste should be double-bagged and marked as a radiation hazard.

12.0 EVENT DOCUMENTATION

12.1 All documentation should be maintained on the standard forms provided by the County Emergency Management Office. They will be maintained in a manner prescribed by the instructions on the form.

12.2 Original documentation generated at an emergency facility (logs, contamination records, etc.) should be maintained at the emergency facility until requested by the County Emergency Operation Center.

12.3 In the event original documentation becomes contaminated, it should be either reproduced by photograph, or double-bagged and photocopied.

19

Page intentionally left blank.

ATTACHMENT 1 – PERSONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE RECORD CARD (EXAMPLE)

21

ATTACHMENT 1 – PERSONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE RECORD CARD (EXAMPLE)

22

NOTE: Cards are available for all responders.

ATTACHMENT 2 – NCDENR OCCUPATIONAL DOSE RECORD FORM

23

ATTACHMENT 2 – NCDENR OCCUPATIONAL DOSE RECORD FORM

24

ATTACHMENT 3 – DOSIMETRY ISSUE RECORD FORM

25

Issued by (print): _______________________________________ Signature: _____________________________________________ Page ______ of ______ (return records to the Emergency Operation Center and/or Emergency Management)

___________ COUNTY DOSIMETRY ISSUE RECORD AGENCY: ________________________

Name Social

Security #

0-20 R Direct

Reading Dosimeter (DRD) or Electronic

Dosimeter#

Permanent Record

Dosimeter (PRD)

Serial #

Issued Personal Radiation Exposure

Card?

Agency Date

Issued

Initials of Person

Receiving Dosimetry

Date Returned

Initials of Person

Returning Dosimetry

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

- - Yes / No / / / /

ATTACHMENT 4 – DOSIMETERS & DOSIMETER PLACEMENT

26

EXAMPLES OF DOSIMETERS and DOSIMETER PLACEMENT

Direct Reading Dosimeter

Permanent Record Dosimeter

Dosimeter Placement while wearing uniform or street clothes. Direct Reading

Dosimeter and Permanent Record Dosimeter clipped to

lanyard or in shirt pocket. Dosimeter Placement while wearing PPE. Permanent Record

Dosimeter UNDER PPE and clipped to lanyard or in shirt pocket. Direct Reading Dosimeter OVER PPE and clipped to lanyard or in

exterior pocket (accessible without removing PPE).

ATTACHMENT 5 – DOSIMETER CHARGER OPERATION

27

Dosimeter Charger CDV-750, Model 5 or Model 909 and Direct Reading Dosimeter

0-20 R Range Instrument Equipment Operational Checklist The CDV 750 Model-5 or Model 909 dosimeter chargers (box style charger) requires one “D” size battery. Pushing down on the charger contact generates the voltage necessary to charge a dosimeter. A charging knob allows the operator to set a dosimeter exactly on zero.

# √ Step

1 Check calibration label on dosimeter. Use only if calibration DUE DATE has not

been exceeded. For Dosimeter Charger

2 Unscrew bottom of charger and separate the two halves

3 Install or verify the appropriate battery is in the battery holder and secure the

two halves together. Ensure the expiration date on the battery has not been exceeded.

4 Remove the charger dust cap cover, if applicable Zeroing the Dosimeter

5 Place the dosimeter end on the charger contact

6 Press down firmly allowing the light to turn on

7 While looking through the view piece of the dosimeter turn the charging knob

and adjust the cross hair until it falls on the zero mark of the scale

8 Remove the dosimeter from the charger and verify the cross hair is still on the

zero mark. If not repeat steps 5 through 7

9 Record this reading on the Personal Radiation Exposure Record Card Note: If you are unable to have the dosimeter stabilize on the zero mark record this reading as the initial reading of the dosimeter.


28


29

DOSIMETER CHARGER OPERATION Check List for CD V-750, Model-6 (or equivalent)

The CDV 750 Model-6 dosimeter charger (pistol grip style charger) is self-powered, requiring NO batteries. Squeezing the generator lever generates the voltage necessary to charge a dosimeter. A discharge button allows the operator to set a dosimeter exactly on zero.

√ Step

1. Hold the charger upright as shown in Figure 1.

2. Lift the clamp and pull it back to its maximum length.

3. Place the dosimeter in the clamp and fit the dosimeter recess (opposite end from the lens) over the charging contact. This allows for electric contact, connection between the dosimeter and the charger.

4. Squeeze the clamp trigger. Push the clamp forward until the end is against the eyepiece of the dosimeter.

5. Release the trigger. Check that the position of the dosimeter provides a good view through the lens.

6. With the dosimeter locked in place and the lens facing you, point towards a suitable light source (see Figure 2).

7. Look through the lens and observe the dosimeter scale (see Figure 3).

8. Squeeze the generator lever and release lightly a few times. Watch for movement of the hairline fiber from the right of the scale towards zero (0).

NOTE: If the dosimeter is not responding, it may be necessary to apply more pressure to the clamp to make a better contact. DO NOT push too hard, dosimeter could be damaged.

9. Squeeze the generator lever again if needed to complete zeroing the dosimeter.

10. If the fiber traveled to the left of the zero, but is still visible, push the discharge button and watch the fiber move to the right until on zero.

NOTE: If the fiber traveled to the left of the zero, but is NOT visible, reposition dosimeter and repeat process starting at Step-8.

11. To remove the dosimeter, pull clamp trigger, lift dosimeter to just above end clamp and pull dosimeter straight back to disengage it from the charging contact.

12. View scale to make sure fiber has stayed on zero and has not drifted.

13. Zero all dosimeters, and record their serial numbers and when they were zeroed.

14. On completion, return charger to a normal set-up or configuration for the next use.


30

DOSIMETER CHARGER OPERATION Check List for CD V-750, Model-6 or equivalent

Figures

ATTACHMENT 6 – KI BRIEFING/INFORMATION SHEET

31

POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI) BRIEFING/INFORMATIONAL SHEET (ThyroSafe 65 mg Tablets)

Drug Facts

Active Ingredient (in each tablet) Purpose Dosage

Potassium Iodide 65 mg Thyroid blocking Adults over 18 years 2 tablets daily, 130 mg

Use helps prevent radioactive iodine from getting into the

thyroid gland during a nuclear radiation emergency. Use along with other emergency measures recommended by public officials.

Children over 12 years to 18 years who weigh at least 150 pounds

2 tablets daily, 130 mg

Warnings Children over 12 years to 18 years who weigh less than 150 pounds

1 tablet daily, 65 mg

Allergy alert: Iodine may cause an allergic reaction with 1

or more of the following symptoms; Children over 3 years to 12 years

1 tablet daily, 65 mg

- Shortness of breath or wheezing - swelling - skin rash Children over 1 month to 3 years

½ tablet daily, 32.5 mg

- Trouble breathing, speaking or swallowing

- Fever and joint pain Babies at birth to 1 month

Liquid KI, 16.25 mg as directed on the consumer package insert

DO NOT USE if you have;

If pregnant, breastfeeding, have a baby up to 1 month of age, or have thyroid disease (except nodular thyroid disease with heart disease), take as directed above and contact a doctor as soon as possible

Ever had an allergic reaction to iodine Other information Nodular thyroid disease with heart disease Store at 68-770 F Keep dry and foil intact

Hypocomplementemic vasculitis Protect from light Do not throw away

consumer package insert

Dermatitis herpetiformis Inactive ingredients

Stop use and ask a doctor if you have Lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose

Allergic reaction. Get medical help right away if you have trouble breathing, speaking or swallowing; shortness of breath; wheezing; swelling of the mouth, tongue or throat; or rash.

Questions or comments?

Irregular heart or chest pain. Get medical help right away.

Call toll free 1-866-849-7672

Swelling of the hands or feet, fever, or joint pain Directions Use as directed by public officials in the event of a

nuclear radiation emergency

Do not take more than 1 dose in 24 hours

Tablets can be whole or crushed and mixed in milk, baby formula, water, orange juice, flat soda like cola, or raspberry syrup. The liquid mixture should be given to infants, young children, and others who cannot swallow tablets; see consumer package insert on how to make a liquid mixture.

ATTACHMENT 7 – KI LOG FORM

32

POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI) LOG FORM

DISTRBUTION and ADMINISTRATION of POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI) LOG FORM

Name Agency Social

Security # Emergency Assignment

Date/Time Potassium Iodide is Administered

Potassium Iodide Lot #

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Date: / / Time: _____ (24 hr)

Reviewed by County Health Director: Date:

Potassium Iodide (KI) Instructions

1. Fill out potassium iodide Log Form 2. Distribute 130 mg of potassium iodide per Emergency worker. 3. Distribute one potassium iodide Briefing about use of potassium iodide to each Emergency

Worker. 4. Provide pre-mission Briefing about use of potassium iodide (Warning/Side Effects). 5. Take 130 mg only when instructed. 6. Do not share tablets with others. 7. Return Log Sheets to Emergency Operation Center.

ATTACHMENT 8 – WHOLE BODY CONTAMINATION SURVEY GUIDE

33

Whole Body Contamination Survey

1. Have the person stand on a clean monitoring pad. 2. Instruct the person to stand straight, feet apart, arms extended with the palms up and

fingers straight out. 3. Using the Ludlum Model 26 contamination survey meter or equivalent, monitor the

hands and forearms to the elbows with the palms up, then repeat with the hands and arms turned over.

4. Start at the top of the head, cover the entire front of the body. Carefully monitor areas like the forehead, nose, mouth, neck line, torso, knees and ankles.

5. Have the person turn around and repeat the survey on the back of the body, paying close attention to creases, folds, etc.

6. Monitor the sole of each foot as they move off the monitoring pad.

Guidelines for Whole Body Survey (Frisk)

If the probe touches the person while monitoring, STOP the monitoring and observe the background count. If unchanged from previous measurement continue with the monitoring, if background is elevated change out the probe cover, and then continue.

Move the probe slowly, (about one to two inches per second), and without touching the person over the body while listening for an increase in the count (click) rate. Keep the open face of the probe about one (1) inch from the surface being monitored. Take special care at the feet (especially the bottom of shoes), knees, face, hair, and hands. You may instruct the person to put on a pair of gloves to control any possibility of cross contamination. A whole body survey for the average adult should take about 4 – 5 minutes.

ATTACHMENT 8 – WHOLE BODY CONTAMINATION SURVEY GUIDE

34

THYROID MONITORING DIAGRAM

Note: Thyroid monitoring is only required if a request is made by the Emergency Operations Center, Radiological Officer or Health Director. Using the Ludlum Model 26 probe or equivalent, take the reading about 1” away from the thyroid area and hold for 15-30 seconds. Report readings in Counts per Minute (CPM) to requesting agency.

ATTACHMENT 9 – EVACUEE/WORKER CONTAMINATION RECORD FORM

35

EMERGENCY WORKER/EVACUEE CONTAMINATION RECORD - PORTAL MONITOR USE –

FACILITY: __________________________ DATE: ___ / ___ / ___ TIME: _______ (24 HOUR)

EMERGENCY WORKER INFORMATION NAME: AGENCY:

PHONE NUMBER: - - (Home/Cell) SOCIAL SECURITY # (LAST 4 DIGITS):

EVACUEE INFORMATION NAME: ADDRESS:

PHONE NUMBER: - - (Home/Cell) SOCIAL SECURITY # (LAST 4 DIGITS):

MONITORING PROCESS

FILL IN AREAS OF CONTAMINATION (PORTAL MONITOR) OR IDENTIFY CONTAMINATED AREAS ON BODY BY USING CIRCLED #s

MODEL 52 FIRST HAND HELD MONITORING SECOND HAND HELD MONITORING

FILL IN BUBBLES FRONT VIEW BACK VIEW FRONT VIEW BACK VIEW

UNCONTAMINATED

SENT FOR MONITORING

MODEL 52-1-1

√ TYPE OF DECON PROCESS √ TYPE OF DECON PROCESS

REMOVE CLOTHING REMOVE CLOTHING

SINK WASH BABY WIPES SINK WASH BABY WIPES

SHOWER SHOWER

THYROID LESS THAN 300 CPM, IF REQUESTED

FILL IN BUBBLES RE-SURVEY PERSON RE-SURVEY PERSON

UNCONTAMINATED DECONTAMINATED - RELEASE DECONTAMINATED - RELEASE

SENT FOR MONITORING SENT FOR SECOND MONITORING HOLD - REQUEST EOC/RPS ASSISTANCE

GREEN IS CLEAN CONTAMINATED POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED

REVISED: 071014

TRACKING

FORM NUMBER

Back View

HEAD

R

3

R

2

R

1

L

3

L

2

L

1

FEET

SUM ALARM

(Back)

Front View Back View Front View

ALL READINGS IN CPM ALL READINGS IN CPM

LT

LB

RT

RB

Head – No Detector

Feet – No Detector

(Back View)

Formatted: Centered

Formatted: Font: 8 pt, Bold

Formatted: Font: Bold

Formatted: Centered

ATTACHMENT 10 – BACKGROUND READINGS FORM

36

BACKGROUND INFORMATION PLACARD

BACKGROUND READINGS USING LUDLUM MODEL 26 CONTAMINATION SURVEY METER

READINGS IN COUNTS PER MINUTE OR “CPM” (Take readings approximately every shift)

REMEMBER: > 300 CPM is considered “Contaminated or Dirty”

Date Time Readings

/ / CPM

/ / CPM

/ / CPM

/ / CPM

/ / CPM

/ / CPM

ATTACHMENT 10 – BACKGROUND READINGS FORM

37

DETERMINING BACKGROUND RADIATION LEVEL

Average the highest and lowest Counts Per Minute (CPM) displayed on your handheld survey meter over at least a 1 minute time period.

BACKGROUND = (HIGHEST CPM1 MIN + LOWEST CPM1 MIN) ÷ 2

Example: (60 CPMhighest + 40 CPMlowest) ÷ 2 = 50 CPM Background

REASONS FOR TAKING BACKGROUND READINGS

1. Used to compare elevated readings to normal background while performing equipment or personnel monitoring. If this occurs allow probe to rest on “potentially contaminated area” for 15-30 seconds to allow response of instrument.

2. If you touch a contaminated person or piece of equipment while surveying, STOP and compare the recorded background reading with what the meter is reading. If elevated, change out the saran wrap, bag, cling wrap or Press n Seal. If not, continue to monitor.

3. Used for indication of a radioactive release from the nuclear plant in the area of the facility. The meter reading would be very erratic.

4. Used to ensure radioactive waste is not causing elevated radiation readings in area. Background Counts per Minute (CPM) would “creep” upward indicating waste change out is needed.

5. Radiological medical treatments with monitored individuals causing elevated readings.

ATTACHMENT 11 – HANDHELD SURVEY METER – SETUP FOR OPERATION

38

HANDHELD CONTAMINATION SURVEY METER OPERATION Setup Checklist for the Ludlum Model 26 Handheld Contamination Survey Meter

The Ludlum Model 26 is equipped with an integrated pancake-style Geiger-Mueller contamination detector and is powered by (2) AA batteries. It measures alpha, beta, gamma, and x-ray radiation and is used for detecting surface contamination, screening for environmental contamination, and detecting noble gases and other low energy radionuclides. It should be calibrated annually by a qualified operator using a certified calibration source or electronically using a pulse generator.

STEP- (COMPLETE ALL STEPS PRIOR TO USE)

WARNING: DO NOT press the red button. This button is used to set specific features of the meter.

1.

Check for calibration label on the instrument. Do not use if the due date has been

exceeded or if a calibration label is not found. Verify meter is in “working” condition.

2.

If battery installation is needed, turn the probe over and open the battery lid by turning

the wrist connector eyelet counter-clockwise with a ¼ turn. Load the 2 AA batteries with

the + sign end towards the probe. Replace the battery cover and fasten by pushing in

and twisting the eyelet clockwise ¼ turn.

3.

Turn the instrument ON by pressing the GREEN OK button for about a second and then

releasing. The instrument will activate all the LCD segments and audio feature for

testing and then display readings in “cpm”. Allow a 30 second warm up/internal

electronic check of meter.

4. Ensure the low-battery indicator is not present. If shown on readout go to step 2.

5. Remove the clear heavy plastic probe cover.

6. Using the small “button” source located on the attached ID card, place the open probe

window directly over the check source.

CAUTION: The meter has a digital readout. From 0 to 999 cpm the readout is what you see on the display

screen; starting at 1000 cpm the meter switches to “kcpm” readout. BE AWARE WHEN THE “K” IS IN FRONT

OF THE “CPM”. When this occurs move the decimal point three numbers to the right. For example; the

readout indicates, “1.345kcpm”; this is actually “1345 cpm”; “12.435kcpm” = “12435 cpm”.

7. The CPM shown on the display should increase. More frequent clicking should be

heard with the AUDIO FEATURE enabled. Allow the number to settle out for ~ 1 minute.

8.

The CPM displayed must fall within the RANGE that is printed on a label located on the

probe side of the instrument and/or on the top of the storage box. Do not use if the

instrument’s readings remain outside (above or below) the labeled RANGE.

9. Determine Normal Background radiation levels (in CPM) for the assigned work area by

observing the average CPM display after 30 seconds. Record on a Background Placard

10.

Wrap the entire meter with one layer of Press’ n Seal, Cling Wrap or Saran Wrap.

Smooth out the areas around the probe and digital readout screen. The wrap will cling

to itself and provide contamination control for the entire meter.

11. When meter is not in use, turn the meter off by pressing the GREEN OK button for

about 5 seconds (a countdown timer will show the meter responding)

DO NOT USE meter if the following occur:

Calibration is not current.

Physical damage to the instrument.

Low-battery indicator is present

The display is flashing after you turn the instrument to ON.

Maximum relative humidity is greater than 95%

Meter does not pass the source response check.

Meter flashes a ZERO reading.

The meter flashes the maximum count rate of 99900 cpm

and you verify you are not in a radiation field that would

cause this reading.

ATTACHMENT 12 – PORTAL MONITOR OPERATIONS – Ludlum Models 52 & 52-1-1

39

PORTAL MONITOR SETUP Ludlum Models 52 and 52-1-1

Using the below instructions setup the appropriate portal monitor. Ensure the ground area is level and you have a minimum clearance of 8’. If at all possible use a 120V outlet source to power the monitor. This will provide stability and continuous service throughout the event.

STEP # ACTION COMMENTS VISUAL

CAUTION: These unit are heavy. Care should be used in moving and lifting the unit.

Model 52 weights ~ 75#. Model 52-1-1 weights ~ 85#.

NOTE: When removing the components from the container be familiar with the storage location. These parts must return to the same location to ensure closure of the container following disassembly and storage.

1 Open the container using the fastener clips.

Model 52 has two clips. Model 52-1-1 has four clips.

2 Remove base plate or pedestal and place on stable/level ground.

8’ clearance is required for setup and operation

CAUTION: The fasteners used to attach the parts are a pinching hazard. Care should be used when setting up and disassembling the unit.

3 Install legs, left to left and right to right. All components are labeled.

Model 52 has six legs. Model 52-1-1 has four legs.

NOTE: Ensure legs are connected using the labels of right and left located on each of the components.

4 Install the top section to the sides. This piece is not labeled.

5 Install the D size batteries into the control module housing.

Model 52 uses 6 batteries. Model 52-1-1 uses 3 batteries.

6 Plug in the AC adaptor cord to the control module housing.

7 Install the Control Module to the appropriate leg.

There is only one place for installation.

8 Plug in the AC adaptor cord to a 120V outlet.

9

Align the left to the left and right to the right to the monitoring of the evacuees and/or emergency workers.

If the person enters the monitor the wrong way the readout will be reversed.

NOTE: The AC adaptor/cord may require an extension cord to be used. Care should be taken to ensure cord does not interfere with the monitoring process. The cord can be taped to the top of the monitor if needed.

10 Refer to Attachment 14, Portal Monitor Operation - Check List for Ludlum Model 52 and 52-1-1 Portable Portal Monitors for operational checks and processing prior to use in the field.


40

PORTAL MONITOR OPERATION Check List for Ludlum Model 52, and 52-1-1 Portable Portal Monitors

The Ludlum Model 52 portable emergency portal monitor is equipped with nine pancake-style Geiger-Mueller radiation detectors and the Model 52-1-1 is equipped with four plastic scintillator radiation detectors. Both can be powered from a 120 VAC power outlet or D-cell batteries and detect beta and gamma radiation. They are used for quickly monitoring people for radioactive contamination after a nuclear power plant accident. Portal monitors are self-calibrating but should be operationally checked at least annually and prior to use. Each monitor should be labeled with the date of the last operational check, but is not required.

STEP

COMPLETE ALL STEPS BEFORE USE

Also attached instrument-specific diagrams and manuals for additional instructions.

1. If the monitor is to be assembled outdoors, use a weather sleeve, tent, or other means to protect the instrument from the weather.

2. Assemble the portal monitor in the desired location according to the manufacturer’s instruction (stored with instrument and in RIC SOP References section).

3. If possible, connect to an AC wall outlet. If AC power is not available, insert fresh “D” cell alkaline batteries into the base of the control panel as shown on the device. The Ludlum Model 52 requires 6 D-cell batteries. The Ludlum Model 52-1-1 requires 3 D-cell batteries.

4. Perform an Operational Check before initial use, and at least once per operational period. Complete the sticker associated with the monitor with the date & your initials.

OPERATIONAL CHECK

NOTE: While holding the shiny metallic side of the radioactive check source towards each section’s detector, activate the instrument by stepping on the base plate OR interrupting the beam sensor. After counting for the pre-determined time, an audible alarm should sound for each section.

NOTE: A visual alarm (red LED light) should illuminate on the control panel indicating where the source was detected. A sum alarm may also activate if the source is detected by more than one section.

Ludlum Model 52 Ludlum Model 52-1-1

5. Confirm operation of each detector 5. Confirm operation of each detector

9 Section Areas Lower Left(L1) Middle Left(L2) Upper Left(L3) Lower Right(R1) Middle Right(R2) Upper Right(R3) Upper-Top Base Plate-Right Base Plate-Left

3 Center Areas Knee Waist Shoulder Area

4 Section Areas

Bottom Left (L1)

Top Left (L3)

Bottom Right (R1)

Top Right (R3)

3 Center Areas

Knee

Waist

Shoulder Area

6. Wrap the sides with a single layer of plastic to protect from contamination (food wrap including Saran Wrap™, Glad Press’ n Seal™, or other THIN plastic).

7. Place a separate layer of plastic wrap on the base plate, which may require more frequently changing (replacement due to contamination, soil, etc.).

8. Notify the facility manager that the portal monitor is ready for use.


41

PORTAL MONITOR OPERATION CHECK SOURCE LOCATIONS MODEL 52

PORTAL MONITOR OPERATION CHECK SOURCE LOCATIONS MODEL 52-1-1

Detector Areas

(Hold source about 4” away from detector) Locations

L1 – Lower Left L2 – Middle Left L3 – Upper Left R1 – Lower Right R2 – Middle Right R3 – Upper Right Upper – Top Section Base Plate – Right Base Plate – Left Center Line

(Hold source about center line of portal monitor) Locations

Knee Waist Shoulder (12 source checks)

Detector Areas

(Hold source about 4” away from detector) Locations

L1 – Lower Left L2 – Upper Left R1 – Lower Right R2 – Upper Right Center Line

(Hold source about center line of portal monitor) Locations

Knee Waist Shoulder (7 source checks)

ATTACHMENT 13 – PORTAL MONITOR CARD

42

Evacuee / Emergency Worker Portal Monitor Card (Model 52) (used for quick processing of personnel through Reception Center areas)

Card Front

1. Mark and “X” or fill in the circle on the portal diagram for all corresponding alarms on the portal monitor.

2. Provide the form to the evacuee and direct them to the next monitoring station.


43


44

OPTION 2 – Ludlum Portal Monitor 52 or 52-1-1 RS-232 Printer Output

Ludlum Model 52-1-1 Printer Output

Ludlum Model 52 Printer Output

PERSON # 0001

CHECK OK

SECTION BACKGROUND COUNT ABOVE BKGND ALARM

L1 0079 000 NO

L2 0087 000 NO

L3 0071 009 NO

R1 0085 000 NO

R2 0492 402 YES

R3 0072 000 NO

FEET 0252 000 NO

HEAD 0072 000 NO

SUM 1210 411 YES

LUDLUM MODEL 52-1-1 PORTAL

02-JAN-00 14:53

RADIATION ALARM

SIGMA=4.5 COUNT TIME= 0

CHAN BKG COUNT ALARM

LT 78 6.2 YES

LB 85 0.0 NO

RT 72 5.0 YES

RB 81 0.0 NO

FT 45 0.8 NO

ATTACHMENT 14 – PPE DONNING / DOFFING GUIDE

45

TYPE DRESS OUT (see Dress Out and Undress checklist found in the RIC SOG)

Site REP One

Minimum Dress for Observation/Inspection of area – No contact w/ Evacuees /Emergency Workers. No climbing, kneeling or sitting in contaminated area

Step # Item Comments

1 Permanent Record Dosimeter (PRD) Old TLD terminology

2 Electronic or Direct Reading Dosimeter (DRD) 20 R Range or able to read 5 Rem

3 Inner surgeons gloves One Color (if possible)

4 Outer surgeons gloves Another Color (if possible)

5 Shoe Covers Either calf or ankle height

6 Lab Coat, if available If tight area, use tyvek suit

Site REP Two

Processing Dress – Minimal Water Expected and General Coverage (this can be used if person performs shower or water decontamination under supervision)






5 Inner shoe covers Higher calf height

6 Outer shoe covers Lower ankle height

7 Full Paper suit Tyvek or equivalent

8 Hood or disposable cap (if conditions warrant)

9 Positional Tag If available for position

Site REP Three

Processing Dress – Water Use Expected-Low Contamination and Decontamination Coverage (< 10,000 CPM) Could be used for EWMD vehicle decontamination activities if care is taken for splashing concerns)






5 Inner shoe covers (plastic) Higher calf height

6 Outer shoe covers Lower ankle height

7 Tyvek suit or plastic suit

8 Tape for seams (ankle, wrist and zipper areas)

9 Hood

10 Dust Mask, surgeons mask or equivalent Unless face shield is used

11 Safety Glasses or Face Shield Use face shield for water activities

12 Positional Tag If available for position Site

REP Four Processing Dress – Large Amounts of Water Use Expected-High Contamination Decontamination Coverage (>10,000 CPM)




3 Pair of surgeons gloves Instead of turn out gear gloves

4 Full Turn Out Gear NO SCBA/Use Helmet/Faceshield

5 Positional Tag If available for position

Note: Some paper suits come with hoods attached. Only one head covering is required for dress.


46

Type “SITE REP ONE” Protective Clothing

Use this Dress for Observation or Inspection of area; No contact w/ Evacuees / Emergency Workers. No climbing or kneeling or sitting in contaminated area.

Donning Sequence (Dress)

Note: Remove all jewelry, valuables, etc. prior to dress. 1 Use the restroom prior to donning protective clothing. 2 Clip PRD on front upper torso of clothing or on a lanyard. 3 Don ankle or calf height outer shoe covers or equivalent. 4 Don first pair of surgeon’s gloves (use different color if possible). 5 Don second pair of surgeons gloves (no tape). 6 Don lab coat, if available. 7 Clip Electronic Dosimeter/Direct Reading Dosimeter (DRD) on lanyard

outside lab coat or near PRD. 8 Clip positional tag to upper torso area (if available for position).

Before entering your assigned area make sure the following items have been completed;

1. You have been assigned a PRD and Electronic Dosimeter or DRD.

2. Your dosimetry has been entered on the Dosimetry Issue Form.

3. You have been checked by another co-worker for correct dress.

4. Remember: Your State Turn back value is 5 Rem. DO NOT EXCEED…

5. Let your supervisor know you are ready.

CHANGE OUTER GLOVES OFTEN IF WORKING WITH CONTAMINATION REMEMBER: any contamination reading equal to or greater than 300 Counts Per Minute (CPM) is considered “Contaminated” or “Dirty”.

DO NOT TOUCH EXPOSED SKIN WHILE DRESSED IN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING


47

Type “SITE REP TWO” Protective Clothing Use this Dress for No Water expected and General Coverage

Dress Sequence (Donning)

Note: Remove all jewelry, valuables, etc. prior to dress. 1 Use the restroom prior to donning protective clothing. 2 Clip PRD on front upper torso of clothing or on a lanyard. 3 Don calf height disposable shoe covers or equivalent 4 Don first pair of surgeons gloves (use different color if possible) 5 Don one piece Tyvek or paper suit 6 Don ankle height outer shoe covers or equivalent 7 Tape calf height disposable shoe covers and inner surgeons gloves to

tyvek suit using masking tape or equivalent (leave a tab) 8 Tape Tyvek or paper suit zipper using masking tape or equivalent (leave

a tab) 9 Don second pair of surgeons gloves (no tape)

10 Clip Electronic Dosimeter or Direct Reading Dosimeter (DRD) on outside area of Tyvek or paper suit around neck area

Note: A lanyard can be used to hold the dosimeter if desired. 11 Clip positional tag to front of Tyvek or paper suit (if available for position) 12 Don a disposable head covering or pull up Tyvek suit hood (this step is

not required if risk of contamination is low)



7. Your dosimetry has been entered on the Dosimetry Issue Form


9. Remember: Your State Turnback value is 5 Rem. DO NOT EXCEED…

10. Let your supervisor know you are ready. CHANGE OUTER GLOVES OFTEN IF WORKING WITH CONTAMINATION

REMEMBER: any contamination reading greater than or equal to 300 CPM is considered “Contaminated” or “Dirty”.



48

Type “SITE REP THREE” Protective Clothing Use this dress for “slight water use and/or low contamination expected < 10,000 CPM)

Dress Sequence (Donning)

Note: Remove all jewelry, valuables, etc. prior to dress. 1 Go to restroom prior to donning protective clothing. 2 Clip PRD on front upper torso of clothing or on a lanyard. 3 Don calf height disposable shoe covers or equivalent (plastic) 4 Don first pair of surgeons gloves (use different color if possible) 5 Don one piece Tyvek or plastic suit 6 Don ankle height outer shoe covers or equivalent 7 Tape calf height disposable shoe covers and inner surgeons gloves to

Tyvek or plastic suit using masking tape or equivalent (remember to leave a tab)

8 Tape Tyvek or plastic suit zipper using masking tape or equivalent (remember to leave a tab)

9 Don second pair of surgeons gloves (no tape) 10 Clip pocket Electronic Dosimeter or Direct Reading Dosimeter (DRD) on

outside area of Tyvek or plastic suit around neck area NOTE: A lanyard can be used to hold the dosimeter if desired.

11 Clip positional tag to front of Tyvek or platic suit (if available for position) 12 Pull up Tyvek or plastic suit hood or don disposable head covering 13 Don surgical mask, dust mask or equivalent (for wind conditions) 14 Don Face Shield and Waterproof apron (for water use conditions)



12. Your dosimetry has been entered on the Dosimetry Issue Form



15. Let your supervisor know you are ready. CHANGE OUTER GLOVES OFTEN IF WORKING WITH CONTAMINATION

REMEMBER: any contamination reading equal to or greater than 300 CPM is considered “Contaminated” or “Dirty”.



49

Type “SITE REP FOUR” Protective Clothing Use this dress for Large Amounts of Water Use and High Contamination is probable (> 10,000 cpm)

Donning Sequence (Dress)

Note: Remove all jewelry, valuables, etc. prior to dress. 1 Use the restroom prior to donning protective clothing. 2 Clip PRD on front upper torso of clothing or on a lanyard. 3 Don two sets of surgeons gloves; Do NOT wear turn out gear gloves. 4 Don Full Turn out Gear. No SCBA is required. Use helmet/faceshield. 5 Clip Electronic or Direct Reading Dosimeter (DRD) on outside area of

turn out gear, upper torso area. 6 Clip positional tag to front of turn out gear (if available for position).


1. You have been assigned a PRD and Electronic Dosimeter/DRD.

2. Your dosimetry has been entered on the Dosimetry Issue Form.



5. Let your supervisor know you are ready.

REMEMBER: any contamination reading equal to or greater than 300 Counts Per Minute (CPM) is considered “Contaminated” or “Dirty”.



50

Type “SITE REP ONE” Protective Clothing

Doffing Sequence (Undress) Caution: Do not touch exposed areas of the body while removing PPE..

Note: The dosimetry and positional tag must be surveyed prior to leaving the area. Decontaminate as necessary in designated area.

1 Come close to a Step-off-Pad (SOP), Monitoring Pad or some designated area for removal of your protective clothing.

2 Remove your outer surgeon’s glove and place in radioactive material waste container.

3 Remove your Electronic or Direct Reading Dosimeter and hand to person across the Pad area. Ensure this is read and documented by designated person.

4 Remove your positional tag, if worn, and hand to person across the Pad. 5 Remove the lab coat and place in radioactive material waste container, if

worn. 6 Remove one disposable shoe cover placing it in the radioactive material

waste container and place foot on the SOP or the monitoring pad, if designated “clean”.

7 Remove the other disposable shoe cover placing it in the radioactive material waste container and place foot on SOP or the monitoring pad if designated “clean”.

8 Lean into the contaminated area and remove one surgeon’s glove and then the other. Place in radioactive material waste container.

9 Turn around facing the designated monitoring person. 10 Hold hands out, palms face up with feet slightly apart. The whole body

monitoring should take about 4 to 5 minutes. 11 Turn in your PRD to the designed person. 12 Take a bath or shower within the next 3 days.

Before leaving the area ensure the following are performed;

1. Your dosimetry has been turned into the designated person. All paperwork is completed.

2. Complete your Personal Exposure Record Card.

3. Turn over your duties to your relief, if applicable.

4. Let your supervisor know you have been relieved.


51

Type “SITE REP TWO” Protective Clothing Doffing Sequence (Undress) Caution: Do not touch exposed areas of the body while removing PPE..

Note: The dosimetry and positional tag must be surveyed prior to leaving the area. Decontaminate as necessary in designated area. 1 Come close to a Step-off-Pad (SOP), Monitoring Pad (MP) or some

designated area for removal of your protective clothing. 2 Remove your outer disposable ankle height shoe covers and place in

radioactive material waste container. 3 Remove your outer surgeons gloves and place in waste container 4 Remove your Electronic or Direct Reading Dosimeter and hand to person

across the SOP/MP. Ensure this is read and documented by designated person.

5 Remove your positional tag, if worn, and hand to person across the SOP/MP 6 Remove disposable head covering or pull down paper suit hood. Place in

radioactive material waste container, if applicable. 7 Remove all masking tape or equivalent from your ankles, wrists and front

portion of the paper suit. Place tape in the waste container. 8 Remove the paper suit by unzipping and rolling the suit away from the body,

inside out. Place in radioactive material waste container. 9 Remove one disposable calf height shoe cover and place it in the radioactive

material waste container and place foot on SOP or on the monitoring pad, if designated “clean”.

10 Remove the other disposable calf height shoe cover and place it in the radioactive material waste container and place foot on SOP or on the monitoring pad if designated “clean”.



monitoring should take about 4 to 5 minutes. 14 Turn in your PRD to the designed person.

Before leaving the area ensure the following are performed; 1. Your dosimetry has been turned into the designated person. All paperwork is

completed. 2. Complete your Personal Radiation Exposure Record Card. 3. Turn over your duties to your relief, if applicable. 4. Let your supervisor know you have been relieved.


52

Type “SITE REP THREE” Protective Clothing Doffing Sequence (Undress) Caution: Do not touch exposed areas of the body while removing PPE.

Note: The dosimetry and positional tag must be surveyed prior to leaving the area. Decontaminate as necessary in designated area. 1 Come close to a Step-off-Pad (SOP), Monitoring Pad (MP) or some

designated area for removal of your protective clothing. 2 If worn, remove your face shield. Place in plastic bag and keep on

contaminated side for further processing. 3 Remove your outer disposable ankle height shoe covers and place in

radioactive material waste container. 4 Remove your outer surgeon’s gloves and place in waste container. 5 Remove your Electronic or Direct Reading Dosimeter and hand to person

across the SOP/MP. Ensure this is read & documented by designated person.

6 Remove your positional tag, if worn, and hand to person across the SOP/MP. 7 Remove surgical mask or equivalent and place in waste container. 8 Remove disposable head covering or pull down paper/plastic suit hood.

Place in radioactive material waste container, if applicable. 9 Remove all masking tape or equivalent from your ankles, wrists and front

portion of the paper/plastic suit. Place tape in the waste container. 10 Remove the Tyvek/plastic suit by unzipping and rolling the suit away from the

body, inside out. Place in radioactive material waste container. 11 Remove one disposable calf height shoe cover and place it in the waste

container and place foot on SOP or the monitoring pad, if designated “clean”. 12 Remove the other disposable calf height shoe cover and place it in the

radioactive material waste container and place foot on SOP or the monitoring pad if designated “clean”.



monitoring should take about 4 to 5 minutes. 16 Turn in your PRD to the designed person.



2. Complete your Personal Exposure Record card.




53

Type “SITE REP FOUR” Protective Clothing Doffing Sequence (Undress) Caution: Do not touch exposed areas of the body while removing PPE..

Note: The dosimetry and positional tag must be surveyed prior to leaving the area. Decontaminate as necessary in designated area. 1 Come close to a Step-off-Pad (SOP), Monitoring Pad or some designated

area for removal of your protective clothing. 2 Remove your outer surgeon gloves. Throw in waste container. 3 Remove your Electronic or Direct Reading Dosimeter and hand to person

across the SOP. Ensure this is read and documented by designated person 4 Remove your positional tag, if worn, and hand to person across the SOP 5 Remove face shield/helmet assembly and place in designated area for

future monitoring/decontamination. 6 Remove turn out gear flash hood, if worn. Place in designated area for

monitoring/decontamination. 7 Remove turn out gear jacket. Place in designated area for monitoring /

decontamination. 8 Remove turn out gear pants. Place in designated area for

monitoring/decontamination. 9 Remove one turn out gear boot and place in designated area for future

monitoring/decontamination. Place foot on SOP or beyond the monitoring pad, if designated “clean”.

10 Remove the other turn out gear boot and place in designated area for future monitoring/decontamination. Place foot on SOP or beyond the monitoring pad if designated “clean”.

11 Lean into the contaminated area and remove remaining surgeon’s glove and then the other. Place in radioactive material waste container.


monitoring should take about 4 to 5 minutes. 14 Turn in your PRD to the designed person. 15 Take a bath or shower within the next 3 days.



2. Complete your Personal Exposure Record Card.



Your turn out gear will be monitored and decontaminated if necessary as time permits.

ATTACHMENT 15 – EMERGENCY EXPOSURE AUTHORIZATION GUIDANCE

54

Emergency Exposure Authorization Form

# Part A – INDIVIDUAL INFORMATION Filled out by the individual with assistance from the

Radiological Officer, State/County Public Health or designee

1 Name: __________________________________ (person receiving exposure limit increase)

2 Social Security Number: _______-______-______

3 Permanent Record Dosimeter (PRD) Number: ____________

4 Assigned County: _________ / Other: ___________ (circle one, fill in the blank)

5 Emergency Response Organization: ___________________________________ (assigned agency)

6 Task to be performed: Life Saving / Protection-Major Property / Protection-Large Pop. (circle)

7 Exposure Limit that person is being asked to have: _________ Rem

8 Conditions for Extension: (All items must be answered “Yes” or “N/A”, not applicable):

a. Yes / NA Individual is a volunteer and professional emergency person

b. Yes / NA Individual has received briefing on rad. consequences to increased exposure

c. Yes / NA Individual is knowledgeable on radiological conditions in area (known or projected).

d. Yes / NA Individual is NOT a declared pregnant woman or a minor < 18 years of age.

e. Yes / NA Individual has NOT received an emergency exposure before.

f. Yes / NA Individual is knowledgably on communication protocol in the field.

g. Yes / NA Individual understands what to do if the extended exposure limit has been reached.

h. Yes / NA Individual is a “person of age” if possible; see “Risk of Acute Exp. to Rad. Chart”

(circle one)

9 I have been briefed and understand the biological risks of increased exposure.

Signature: _____________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ____

Part B – APPROVAL AUTHORIZATION to extend dose limit to individual (cannot be delegated)

1

For County Authorization: __________________________

(Circle one) Most Senior Official or Designee

Date: ____ / ____ / ____

APPROVES / DISAPPROVES Exposure Extension Comments:

PART C – DOSIMETRY AND MEDICAL FOLLOW-UP (PERFORM THIS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER THE EXPOSURE)(to be filled out by Health Director or other designated personnel)

1 PRD Results: __________ (Rem) (official exposure record for individual)

2 DRD (0-20 R or equivalent) Dosimeter Results: __________ (Rem)

3

Medical Follow-up Contact REAC/Ts (865.576.1005 - Ask for REAC/TS) for guidance.

The following samples can be obtained to ascertain internal and external exposure to individual.

CBC / Absolute Lymphocyte Count / Urinalysis

Other possible samples can be used as called for by REAC/TS and/or the attending physician.

4 Medical Evaluation/Action: ________________________________________________________

5 Doctor:______________________________________________ Date ________________

6 County Health Director: ____________________________ Date: ________________

PART D – DISPOSITION OF EMERGENCY WORKER AFTER PLANNED EXPOSURE

1 Allowed to participate in emergency worker activities: Yes / No (circle one)

(Allowed only if the 5 Rem emergency limit was not met) Explanation: _____________________________

2 Restricted from access to “radiological controlled areas”: Yes / No (circle one)

(required if person exceeded the 5 Rem emergency limit) Explanation: _____________________________ Note: Since time can be a factor in emergency exposure approval verses mission urgency; telecom,

computer processing or other means can be used to expedite the process.


55

Briefing document used for question 8.b of Part A on the Emergency Exposure Authorization Form

Radiation and Health Effects The effects of radiation on health fall into two categories, early (called acute) and late (called chronic). Early (Acute) health effects are clinically observable within three months after exposure. Acute effects result from large exposures to radiation in a very short time. This is what the Dose Limits are based upon in the above chart. There are no observable effects below 25 Rem instantaneous exposure and may not be up to 100 Rem instantaneous exposure. See the chart Acute Effects of Radiation Dose on the next page for examples of other acute effects. Late (Chronic) are those effects that show up years after exposure. Chronic effects may be the result of small amounts of radiation exposure over a long period of time. Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of cancer, leukemia, cataracts, and genetic effects. Health effects to radiation exposure are affected by your general health, age, and where you received the exposure. Factors that can assist in reducing your chance of the biological effects are;

1. Potassium Iodide (KI) use 2. Time, Distance and Shielding use 3. Being aware of the exposure rates and their location prior to entry into the area.

EXPOSURE (REM)

POTENTIAL

HEALTH EFFECT

TIME TO ONSET (WITHOUT MEDICAL

TREATMENT)

~ 25 CHANGES IN BLOOD CHEMISTRY

50 NAUSEA HOURS

55 FATIGUE

70 VOMITING

75 HAIR LOSS 2-3 WEEKS

90 DIARRHEA

100 HEMORRHAGE

400 POSSIBLE DEATH WITHIN 2 MONTHS

1,000 DESTRUCTION OF INTESTINAL LINING, INTERNAL BLEEDING

AND DEATH 1-2 WEEKS

2,000 DAMAGE TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS; MINUTES

AND DEATH HOURS TO DAYS


56

Risk of Acute Exposure to Radiation Chart

Cancer Risk to Emergency Workers Receiving 25 Rem Whole Body Dose

Age of Emergency Worker at Time of

Exposure (years)

Approximate Risk of Premature Death

(death per 1,000 persons exposed)

Average Years of Life Lost if Premature Death Occurs

(years)

20 to 30 9.1 24

30 to 40 7.2 19

40 to 50 5.3 15

50 to 60 3.5 11

Health Effects Associated with Whole-Body Absorbed Doses Received· Within a Few Hours(a)

Whole Body Absorbed Dose

(in Rads)

Early Fatalities (b) (in percent)

Whole Body Absorbed Dose

(in Rads)

Prodromal Effects (c) (percent affected)

140 5 50 2

200 15 100 15

300 50 150 50

400 85 200 85

460 95 250 98

(a) Risks will be lower for protracted exposure periods. (b) Supportive medical treatment may increase the dose at which these frequencies occur by ~ 50%. (c) Forewarning symptoms of more serious health effects associated with large doses of radiation.


57

Quick Reference Chart for Dose Exposure to Individual Based on Dose Rate and Allowable Stay Time in Area

Gamma

Radiation

Dose Rate

Stay Time to Receive this Radiation Dose

(Rate/hour) 1 Rem 5 Rem 10 Rem 25 Rem 100 Rem

1 mr/hr 6 weeks 30 weeks 1 year

5 mr/hr 200 hours 6 weeks 12 weeks 30 weeks 2 years

100 mr/hr 10 hours 50 hours 100 hours 250 hours 6 weeks

1 R/hr 1 hour 5 hours 10 hours 25 hours 100 hours

10 R/hr 6 minutes 30 minutes 1 hour 2.5 hours 10 hours

100 R/hr 36 seconds 3 minutes 6 minutes 15 minutes 1 hour

200 R/hr 18 seconds 1.5 minutes 3 minutes 7.5 minutes 30 minutes

500 R/hr 7 seconds 36 seconds 72 seconds 3 minutes 12 minutes

ATTACHMENT 16 – CONVERTING COUNTS PER MINUTE TO MR/HOUR READINGS

58

CONVERTING COUNTS PER MINUTE (CPM) TO MR/HOUR READINGS Ludlum Model 26 Survey Meters

If the majority of the isotope is made up of Co-60 (strong gamma emitter) then, mR/hour = CPM (as read on the meter readout) 1500 (established thumb rule) Example: If the instrument reads 30,000 CPM then… 30,000 = 2 mR/hour 1,500 If the majority of the isotope is made up of Cs-137 (beta emitter) then… mR/hour = CPM (as read on the meter readout) 3340 (sensitivity of the meter in CPM) Example: If the instrument reads 30,000 CPM then 30,000 = 9 mR/hour 3340

ATTACHMENT 17 – SUPPORTING LETTERS

59

ATTACHMENT 17 – SUPPORTING LETTERS

60

ATTACHMENT 18 – PROGRAM MANUAL SOG APPLICABLE CRITERION

61

PROGRAM MANUAL, REP APPLICABLE CRITERION (only a portion of the criterion may be met in this SOG)

NUREG CRITERION H.7 Each organization, where appropriate, shall provide for offsite radiological monitoring equipment in the vicinity of the nuclear facility.

NUREG CRITERION J.10.e Provisions for the use of radioprotective drugs, particularly for emergency workers and institutionalized persons within the plume exposure EPZ whose immediate evacuation may be infeasible or very difficult, including quantities, storage, and means of distribution.

NUREG CRITERION J.10.f State and local organizations’ plans should include the method by which decisions by the State Health Department for administering radioprotective drugs to the general population are made during an emergency and the pre-determined conditions under which such drugs may be used by offsite emergency workers.

NUREG CRITERION J.9 Each State and local organization shall establish a capability for implementing protective measures on the basis of Protective Action Guides and other criteria. This shall be consistent with the recommendations of the EPA regarding exposure resulting from passage of radioactive airborne plumes.

NUREG CRITERION K.3.a Each organization shall make provision for 24-hour-per-day capability to determine the doses received by emergency personnel involved in any nuclear accident, including volunteers. Each organization shall make provisions for distribution of dosimeters, both self-reading and permanent record devices.

NUREG CRITERION K.3.b Each organization shall ensure that dosimeters are read at appropriate frequencies and provide for maintaining dose records for emergency workers involved in any nuclear accident.

NUREG CRITERION K.4 Each State and local organization shall establish the decision chain for authorizing emergency workers to incur exposures in excess of the EPA General Public Protective Action Guides (i.e., EPA PAGs for emergency workers and lifesaving activities).

NUREG CRITERION K.5.a Each organization as appropriate, shall specify action levels for determining the need for decontamination.

NUREG CRITERION L.1 Each organization shall arrange for local and backup hospital and medical services having the capability for evaluation of radiation exposure and uptake, including assurance that persons providing these services are adequately prepared to handle contaminated individuals.

NUREG CRITERION L.4 Each organization shall arrange for transporting victims of radiological accidents to medical support facilities.

ATTACHMENT 19 – REVISION SUMMARY

62

Revision 0 March 1, 2015

# Summary of Change Section

1 New Procedure All

revc standard operating guideline (sog)...

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