DIAGNOSISOTHER NAMECAUSATIVE AGENTLABORATORY PROCEDURESPATHOGNOMONIC SIGN(S)TREATMENT

TuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculi PPD test Chest Xray Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy Cough of 2 weeks or more Fever (usually PM) Chest or back pain Hemoptysis Significant weight loss SOB, sweating, fatigue, malaiseMDT/FDC:RIPES or HRZES

LeprosyMycobacterium leprae Slit Skin Smear Test Leprim Test Change in skin color reddish or white Loss of sensation on the skin lesion(R-DDS) or (R-DDS-C)

SchistosomiasisBilhariasis or snail feverSchistosoma: Japonicum Masoni Haematobium

Oncomelanaia quadrasi Diarrhea Bloody stools Enlargement of abdomen Spleenomegaly Anemia Inflamed liverPraziquantel (all)

Oxamniquine (S.M)Metrifonate (S.H.)

FilariasisHuman Lymphatic FilariasisNematodes: Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi Brugia timori

Aedes poecilius (night) Nocturnal Blood Examination Immunochromatographic Test Lymphadenitis Lymphangitis Elephantiasis LymphedemaDiethylcarbamazine Citrate or Hetrazan

MalariaPlasmodium: Falciparum Vivax Ovale Malariae

Female Anopheles Microscopic Method

Recurrent chills Anemia Profuse sweating AnemiaChloroquineSulfadoxine PyrimethamineQuinineTetracyclineQuinidine

DengueDengue Hemorrhagic FeverDengue Virus: 1 2 3 4Chikungunya virus

Aedes aegypti Tourniquet Test (Rumpel Leads Test)

High grade fever Bleeding signsSelf-limiting

MeaslesRubeolaFilterable virus of measles Coryza Koplik spots Mobilliform rashes

Chicken PoxVaricellaHuman (alpha) herpes virus 3 (varicella-zoster virus) Slight fever Macula-papular vesicles

MumpsEpidemic ParotitisMumps virus (Paramyxomviridae) Painful swelling in front of ear, angle of jaws and down the neck Fever Loss of appetite Malaise Orchitis (in some boys)

DiptheriaCorynebacterium diphtheria (Klebs-Loeffler bacillus) Pseudomembrane

PertussisWhooping CoughHaemophilus pertussis or Bordet Gengou Bacillus or Bordetella pertussis or pertussis bacillus Whooping cough

Tetanus NeonatorumClostridium tetani Muscular contractions (tetani)

InfluenzaFluInfluenza virus: A B C Abrupt onset of fever Chills Back and limb pains Coryza Sore throat Cough

PneumoniaPneumoccocus: Diploccocus pneumonia Pneumoccocus of Friedlander Chest percussion DULL Chest Xray Chest indrawing Rusty sputum Productive cough Fast respiration High feverAntibiotics: Amoxicillin Erythromycin Azithromycin

CholeraEl TorVibrio El Tor Stool exam Profuse, colorless diarrhea Vomiting Severe dehydrationOresol

Typhoid feverSalmonella typhosaTyphoid bacillus Stool exam Systemic infectionAntibiotics

DysenteryShigellosis Bacillary DysenteryShflesneriShboy-diiSn-conneiSh-dysenterae Stool exam Bloody and mucoid stool

Soil Transmitted HelminthiasesAscaris lumbricoidesTrichuris trichiuriaHookworm Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Stool exam Anemia Malnutrition Stunted growth (height and body size) Decreased physical activity Impaired mental development and school performance

ParagonimiasisParagonimus: Westermani Siamenses Sputum examination eggs in brown spots Lumbar puncture eosinophilia in CSF (cerebral type) Cough of long duration Hemoptysis Chest or back painPraziquantel (Biltrizide)Bithionol

Hepatitis AInfectious HepatitisEpidemic HepatitisCatarrhal jaundiceHepatitis A virus Jaundice with pruritus and urticaria Bilirubinemia with clay-colored stools Influenza LymphadenopathySelf-limiting

Paralytic Shellfish PoisoningRed Tide PoisoningDinoflagellates (plankton)Pyromidium bahamense var compressum Numbness of face (mouth) Tingling sensation -> paresthesia -> paralysis Ataxia DysphagiaInduce vomitingPure coconut milkSodium bicarbonate solution

LeptospirosisWells diseaseMud feverTrench feverFlood feverSpiroketal jaundiceJapanese Seven Days feverLeptospira interrogans CBC Lumbar puncture Urine test Fever Headache Myalgia

Penicillin and other related B-lactam antibioticsTetracyclineErythromycin

RabiesHydrophobiaLyssaRhabdovirus: Rabies virus Sense of apprehension Sensory change near site of animal bite Spasms of muscles or deglutition on attempts to swallow Paralysis Delirium ConvulsionsAntibioticsAnti-tetanus immunization

ScabiesSarcoptes scabiei Microscopic examination Itching Secondary dermatitisBenzyl benzoate emulsion (Burroughs, Welcome)Kwell ointment

AnthraxMalignant pustuleMalignant edemiaWoolsorter diseaseRagpicker diseaseBacillus anthracis