Review and discuss the types of Review and discuss the types of electronic monitoring equipment electronic monitoring equipment available to monitor sex offendersavailable to monitor sex offenders

Examine the benefits and limitations Examine the benefits and limitations of each type of monitoringof each type of monitoring

Discuss the implications of Discuss the implications of electronic monitoring for policy electronic monitoring for policy makersmakers

TodayToday’’s Session Objectivess Session Objectives

For Your ConsiderationFor Your Consideration

Not all individuals convicted of sex Not all individuals convicted of sex crimes warrant the same increased crimes warrant the same increased level of supervision that electronic level of supervision that electronic

monitoring technology yieldsmonitoring technology yields

Of all types of offenders,Of all types of offenders,Sex offenders are Sex offenders are ……

Least likely to abscond supervisionLeast likely to abscond supervision

Least likely to commit a new crimeLeast likely to commit a new crime

Generally, sex offenders are Generally, sex offenders are perceived as perceived as high riskhigh risk due to due to the invasive nature of the the invasive nature of the behavior (offense) and the behavior (offense) and the potential for longpotential for long--term harm term harm (physical and mental) to the (physical and mental) to the victim.victim.

Accurate Assessment of Risk Accurate Assessment of Risk factorsfactors

Appropriate intervention Appropriate intervention strategies to include treatment strategies to include treatment and behaviorally specific and behaviorally specific supervision planssupervision plans

Effective interventionEffective interventiontools include:tools include:

Electronic MonitoringElectronic Monitoring

A tool to supplement A tool to supplement supervisionsupervision

Scarce Criminal Justice Scarce Criminal Justice Resources should be Resources should be

allocated based on allocated based on riskriskrather than rather than retributionretribution

Myths about Sex OffendersMyths about Sex OffendersMyth:Myth: ““Most sexual assaults are committed by strangers.Most sexual assaults are committed by strangers.””Fact:Fact: Most sexual assaults are committed by someone known to the victiMost sexual assaults are committed by someone known to the victim or the m or the

victimvictim’’s family, regardless of whether the victim is a child or an aduls family, regardless of whether the victim is a child or an adult.t.

Myth:Myth: ““Most men who commit sexual offenses do not know their victim.Most men who commit sexual offenses do not know their victim.””Fact:Fact: 90% of child victims know their offender, with almost half of th90% of child victims know their offender, with almost half of the offenders e offenders

being family members (Greenfield, 1997). Of sexual assaults agabeing family members (Greenfield, 1997). Of sexual assaults against people inst people aged 12 and up, 80% of the victims know the offender (National Vaged 12 and up, 80% of the victims know the offender (National Victim Center, ictim Center, 1992).1992).

Myth:Myth: ““Most child sexual abusers find their victims by frequenting suchMost child sexual abusers find their victims by frequenting such places as places as schoolyards and playgrounds.schoolyards and playgrounds.””

Fact:Fact: Most child sexual abusers offend against children whom they knowMost child sexual abusers offend against children whom they know and with and with whom they have an established relationship.whom they have an established relationship.

Myth:Myth: ““Most offenses occur in locations unfamiliar to the victim.Most offenses occur in locations unfamiliar to the victim.””Fact:Fact: Six out of every 10 rapes/sexual assaults occur in the homes of Six out of every 10 rapes/sexual assaults occur in the homes of victims, victims,

family members or friends.family members or friends.

Source: Center for Sex Offender ManagementSource: Center for Sex Offender Management

Electronic Monitoring Electronic Monitoring TechnologyTechnology

Detention Detention –– keep an offender in a keep an offender in a specified location specified location –– i.e. homei.e. home

Restriction Restriction –– make certain an make certain an offender does not enter a particular offender does not enter a particular area area –– i.e. parki.e. park

Surveillance Surveillance –– used to track used to track movement of an offender movement of an offender

Radio FrequencyRadio Frequency-- Presence or absence at a Presence or absence at a particular location with in and particular location with in and out time.out time.

Voice VerificationVoice Verification-- Presence or absence at aPresence or absence at aparticular location.particular location.

Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System-- Satellite tracking of anSatellite tracking of anindividualindividual

RF Electronic MonitoringRF Electronic Monitoring

Ankle BraceletAnkle Bracelet

RF ReceiverRF Receiver

Voice VerificationVoice Verification

All that isAll that isneeded isneeded isa telephonea telephone

GPS MonitoringGPS Monitoring

Ankle BraceletAnkle Bracelet

MTDMTD

Charging StandCharging Stand

There are 24 satellites orbiting the There are 24 satellites orbiting the Earth at approximately 11,000 Earth at approximately 11,000 nautical miles above the nautical miles above the surface.surface.

4 satellites on 6 different orbital 4 satellites on 6 different orbital planes constantly emitting an RF planes constantly emitting an RF signal.signal.

The commercial GPS signal is The commercial GPS signal is available for use by the public.available for use by the public.

95% of the GPS points recorded 95% of the GPS points recorded are accurate to within 6 meters (18 are accurate to within 6 meters (18 feet). 5% are accurate within 30 feet). 5% are accurate within 30 meters.meters.

Offender GPS TrackingOffender GPS TrackingThe offender wears an The offender wears an ankle transmitter which ankle transmitter which maintains radio contact maintains radio contact with the Miniature with the Miniature Tracking Device (MTD).Tracking Device (MTD).The movement of the The movement of the MTD is tracked by the MTD is tracked by the GPS satellites. The GPS satellites. The MTD communicates MTD communicates offender location and offender location and program/curfew program/curfew compliance to the Data compliance to the Data Center through the Center through the Charging stand and Charging stand and phone line.phone line.

The Ankle TransmitterThe Ankle TransmitterTamper ResistantTamper Resistant

Tamper Detection Tamper Detection CapabilitiesCapabilities

Water Proof (30 ft.)Water Proof (30 ft.)

Corrosion ResistantCorrosion Resistant

Encrypted SignalEncrypted Signal

Random Frequency Random Frequency ‘‘hoppinghopping’’

The Miniature Tracking The Miniature Tracking Device (MTD)Device (MTD)

Built in microprocessor Built in microprocessor stores location and stores location and violation historyviolation historyMonitors presence of the Monitors presence of the Ankle TransmitterAnkle TransmitterRange docked = Approx. Range docked = Approx. 120120--150 Ft. /Range 150 Ft. /Range while mobile = Approx. while mobile = Approx. 5050--60 Ft.60 Ft.Collects all tracking data Collects all tracking data and communicates it and communicates it with the Surveillance with the Surveillance Data Center when the Data Center when the MTD is docked in MTD is docked in Charging StandCharging Stand

BRACELET TRANSMITTERBRACELET TRANSMITTER

Monitoring ProcessMonitoring Process

SENDS AND RECEIVES SENDS AND RECEIVES VIOLATION AND TRACKING VIOLATION AND TRACKING INFO VIA CELL COVERAGEINFO VIA CELL COVERAGE

RECEIVES VIOLATION/TRACKING RECEIVES VIOLATION/TRACKING DATADATA

AUTOMATICALLY FORWARDS TO AUTOMATICALLY FORWARDS TO ASSIGNED OFFICERSASSIGNED OFFICERS

OFFICERS CAN RECEIVE FAX, OFFICERS CAN RECEIVE FAX, EMAIL AND PAGER ALARMS.EMAIL AND PAGER ALARMS.

PCE CAN TRACK OFFENDER PCE CAN TRACK OFFENDER MOVEMENT OR UPDATE INFO MOVEMENT OR UPDATE INFO FROM ANY WEB ENABLED FROM ANY WEB ENABLED COMPUTERCOMPUTER

Monitoring SoftwareMonitoring Software

Establish/Monitor Home Establish/Monitor Home CurfewsCurfews

Provide notification of rule Provide notification of rule violations to specific contactsviolations to specific contacts

Send messages to offendersSend messages to offenders

Access historical violation Access historical violation reports and location recordsreports and location records

Monitoring ViolationsMonitoring Violations

• BRACELET GONEBRACELET GONE

•• BRACELET STRAPBRACELET STRAP

•• BRACELETBRACELETBATTERYBATTERY

•• CURFEWCURFEWVIOLATIONVIOLATION

•• MTD MOTION NOMTD MOTION NOGPSGPS

•• ZONEZONE

•• PHONE NUMBERPHONE NUMBER

•• PHONE LINEPHONE LINEDISCONNECTDISCONNECT

•• A/C POWER A/C POWER DISCONNECTDISCONNECT

•• BASE UNIT BATTERYBASE UNIT BATTERY

•• MTD BATTERYMTD BATTERY

•• UNABLE TO CONNECTUNABLE TO CONNECT••Base Unit Base Unit ••Active MTDActive MTD

•• TAMPER VIOLATIONSTAMPER VIOLATIONS

GPS TRACKING SYSTEM GPS TRACKING SYSTEM ENABLES YOU TO:ENABLES YOU TO:

Establish offender location and Establish offender location and track movementstrack movementsEstablish/monitor home curfewsEstablish/monitor home curfewsEstablish exclusion and inclusion Establish exclusion and inclusion zones zones Send messages to offenderSend messages to offenderCommunicate offender tracking Communicate offender tracking data to the Pro Tech Data Center data to the Pro Tech Data Center via cell or land linevia cell or land line

DVSR

DVSRDVSR

GPS MAPSGPS MAPS

Monitoring Call CenterMonitoring Call Center

Customer SupportCustomer Support

Staffed 24/7Staffed 24/7

Can serve as the Can serve as the primary responder primary responder to violationsto violations

Provide notification Provide notification to supervising to supervising officer or local law officer or local law enforcementenforcement

Habitual Sex Offender (Section III.A of OPHabitual Sex Offender (Section III.A of OP--020307):020307):

57 O.S. 584 provides that certain sex offenders 57 O.S. 584 provides that certain sex offenders be designated by the Department of be designated by the Department of

Corrections as habitual sex offenders. A sex Corrections as habitual sex offenders. A sex offender is considered habitual:offender is considered habitual:

Upon their second conviction or suspended Upon their second conviction or suspended sentence or probationary term for any of the sentence or probationary term for any of the

crimes subject to sex offender registration, orcrimes subject to sex offender registration, orWho has been convicted of an additional crime Who has been convicted of an additional crime

or attempted crime which, if committed or or attempted crime which, if committed or attempted in this state, would be a crime or an attempted in this state, would be a crime or an

attempt to commit a crime subject to sex attempt to commit a crime subject to sex offender registration and enters this state after offender registration and enters this state after

November 1, 1997.November 1, 1997.

Aggravated Sex Offender (Section III.A of OPAggravated Sex Offender (Section III.A of OP--020307):020307):

57 O.S. 57 O.S. §§ 584 provides that certain sex offenders 584 provides that certain sex offenders are designated by the Department of Corrections are designated by the Department of Corrections as aggravated sex offenders. An aggravated sex as aggravated sex offenders. An aggravated sex

offender is any offender who on or after November offender is any offender who on or after November 1, 1999 is convicted or receives a suspended 1, 1999 is convicted or receives a suspended

sentence or any probationary term for the crimes sentence or any probationary term for the crimes of Abuse or Neglect of Child/Child Beating (when of Abuse or Neglect of Child/Child Beating (when sexual abuse or exploitation is involved), Incest, sexual abuse or exploitation is involved), Incest,

Forcible Sodomy, Rape in the First Degree, Rape in Forcible Sodomy, Rape in the First Degree, Rape in the Second Degree, Rape by Instrumentation, the Second Degree, Rape by Instrumentation, Lewd or Indecent Proposals or Acts to a Child Lewd or Indecent Proposals or Acts to a Child

Under 16, Sexual Battery of a Person Over 16, or Under 16, Sexual Battery of a Person Over 16, or any attempt to commit these crimes.any attempt to commit these crimes.

29,963, 94%

2,047, 6%

Total P&P SOR Eligible

*Note: Data based off of information from an extract of the Dept. of Corrections Offender M anagement System (OM S) on Saturday, October 13, 2007. Note Probation and Parole

supervision type was determined by the clients controlling offense.

Oklahoma Department of CorrectionsP&P and PSI Offenders Who Have/Had Been Convicted Of SOR Offense

Total Offenders = 32,010

1,109, 62%91, 5%

599, 33%

Aggravated: Habitual: Other:

*Note: Data based off of information from an extract of the Dept. of Corrections Offender M anagement System (OM S) on Saturday, October 13, 2007.

Oklahoma Department of CorrectionsAggravated & Habitual P&P SOR Offenders

Total Offenders = 1,799

13%

10%

9%

7%6%

49%

6%

One Two Three Four Five Five or More Other

Oklahoma Department of Corrections*Projected Releases (By Years) for SOR Eligible Incarecerated Offenders

Total Offenders = 3,192

*Note: Data based off of information extracted from the Dept. of Corrections Offender M anagement System (OM S) on Tuesday, October 19, 2007. Projected release dates are based off of the offenders current earned credit level and subject to change. The "Other" category includes offenders serving Life, LWOP, or Death

sentences.

SummarySummaryEM based on Risk Factors and Current EM based on Risk Factors and Current Behavior of OffenderBehavior of OffenderUse should be determined by Use should be determined by Supervising AuthoritySupervising AuthorityAssists in ensuring OffenderAssists in ensuring Offender’’s s compliance with supervision orders compliance with supervision orders and directivesand directivesEM can be an effective sanction for EM can be an effective sanction for nonnon--compliant behaviorcompliant behavior

Kenny HollowayKenny HollowayAdministrator of Probation and Administrator of Probation and

ParoleParole

Oklahoma Department of Oklahoma Department of CorrectionsCorrections

405405--523523--30753075kenny.holloway@doc.state.ok.uskenny.holloway@doc.state.ok.us