review exam #4 expenses, vehicle information, and fluids
TRANSCRIPT
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ReviewExam #4
Expenses, Vehicle Information, and Fluids
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© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
2Chapter 3
Expenses include…
• Loan Payments• Insurance• Fuel Expenses• Annual License and
Registration• Routine
Maintenance• Unexpected Repairs
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3Chapter 3
Insurance
• Deductible– The amount you pay
before the insurance applies.
– You can decrease your insurance costs if you increase your deductible.
– Only applies to collision and comprehensive (not Liability)
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4Chapter 3
Insurance
• Liability Insurance– The minimum policy commonly required.– Covers claims to others that you cause.
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5Chapter 3
Insurance
• Collision and Comprehensive– Covers the cost to
repair your vehicle if you were at fault.
– Collision – auto accidents.
– Comprehensive – natural disasters, vandalism, theft, fire, animal collisions.
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6Chapter 3
Fuel Expenses
• Fuel economy varies greatly depending on the vehicle and it impacts your monthly costs.
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7Chapter 3
License and Registration
• Sales tax• Title fees• License plate tags• Pay at DMV (Dept of
Motor Vehicle)
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8Chapter 8
Common Fluid Locations
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9Chapter 8
Windshield Washer Fluid
• Commonly blue.• Do not use engine
antifreeze.
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10Chapter 8
Engine Oil
• Common multigrades are 0W-20, 5W-20, 5W-30, and 10W-30.
• Synthetic and semi-synthetic blends are also available. Synthetic and conventional are compatible
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11Chapter 8
Engine Oil• To get an accurate reading, check when the engine is
cold.
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12Chapter 8
Engine Oil
• Check the oil cap and owner’s manual for engine oil information.
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13Chapter 8
Transmission Fluid
• Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is pinkish-red. • Always use the ATF that is recommended by the
manufacturer.
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14Chapter 8
Transmission Fluid
• Follow checking procedure in owner’s manual.
• Some transmissions don’t have dipsticks.
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15Chapter 8
Transmission Fluid• Manual transmissions
commonly take ATF, heavyweight/high-viscosity gear oil, synchromesh, or motor oil.
• Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTs) may have a dipstick or check plugs.
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16Chapter 8
Coolant
• Coolant - two main types– Standard (green).– Extended life (various
colors).– Mix 50% water/50%
antifreeze.– Use distilled water.
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17Chapter 8
Coolant
• Check the level at the coolant recovery tank first.
• Let engine cool.• Never open a hot
radiator cap.
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18Chapter 8
Brake Fluids
• Most common DOT 3 (but DOT 4, DOT 5, and DOT 5.1 are available).
• Check cap or owner’s manual for the correct type.
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19Chapter 8
Clutch Fluid (manual transmissions only)
• Commonly DOT 3 brake fluid, but always check the owner’s manual.
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20Chapter 8
Differential Fluid
• This fluid check is on RWD and 4WD vehicles.
• 4WD trucks will have front and rear differential check plugs.
• Gear oil. Thicker than motor oil.
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21Chapter 8
Power Steering Fluid
• Use the type that is recommended in your owner’s manual. Usually clear in color.
• Electric Power Steering systems do not have fluid.
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Purpose of Engine Oil
• Lubricates• Cools• Cleans• Seals• Cushions
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Understanding Oil Ratings
• Society of Automotive Engineers – SAE rates oil viscosity (e.g., 5W-20).
• Viscosity – thickness• 5W is at 0 F• 20 is at 212 F
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Understanding Oil Ratings
• American Petroleum Institute – API rates engine oil service (e.g., SN).
• Energy Conserving – increased additives to lower friction.
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Synthetic OilsSynthetic oil is totally compatible with conventional oil
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Oil Filters
• Oil circulates through the engine and is cleaned by an oil filter. Bypass function if clogged.
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Changing the Oil and Filter
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Changing the Oil and Filter
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1. Visual on Grounda. Color, smell, texture (feel), taste
2. Visual on Cara. Gravityb. Check fluid levels for what may be low
3. Dye4. Baby Powder – spray better5. Types of Leaks
a. Staticb. Under pressure / runningc. Classes
1. Class 1: Film/coating2. Class 2: Drop3. Class 3: Drips
Finding Leaks
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1. Moisture above the fill level on the oil dip stick. 2. Milky - sludgy stuff under the oil fill cap.
Causes: Piston blow-by combustion gases contain water vapor. Once vapor cools, it condenses in crankcase as liquid water. That water will remain (with some being sucked into valve cover area by the PCV system) unless the engine is run at operating temperature for an extended period of time to “burn off” the water.Short Duration driving is “SEVERE”
Water in Oil
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30% of West Texas Intermediate
Oil Recycling
Arsenic 5 ppm maximum
Cadmium 2 ppm maximum
Chromium 10 ppm maximum
Lead 100 ppm maximum
Flash Point(Closed
Cup)100°F
Total Halogens
4,000 ppm maximum
PCBs <2 ppm maximum
Table 2. Constituent/Property - Allowable Levels2
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32Chapter 1
Vehicle Identification
• VIN– Vehicle Identification
Number• 17 Characters• Found on driver’s
doorjamb and on the top of the dashboard
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33Chapter 1
Vehicle Emission Control Info (VECI)
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34Chapter 1
Vehicle Identification
• Manufacturers– GM– Chrysler– Ford– Toyota– VW– Honda– Many others…
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35Chapter 1
Vehicle Identification
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36Chapter 1
Vehicle Identification