review of european policy frameworks regarding to le

Review of European policy frameworks regarding to LE

What EU policies do address function of landscape elements/ hedges?

Review of 75 EU policy documents

1. Quantitative review ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Quantitative review by document type .............................................................................. 3

1.2 Quantitative review by theme.............................................................................................. 3

2. Qualitative review: Main documents that address function of landscape elements/

hedges .................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass used for electricity,

heating and cooling in the EU ......................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 ................ 4

2.3 Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora ......................................... 5

2.4 Carbon impacts of biomass consumed in the EU - Review of literature on biogenic

carbon and life cycle assessment of forest bioenergy ................................................................ 5

2.5 European Landscape Convention ...................................................................................... 6

2.6 Common agricultural policy ................................................................................................. 7

3. Transnational agreed statement on EU policy ......................................................................... 8

4. List of reviewed documents ....................................................................................................... 10

1. Quantitative review

1.1 Quantitative review by document type

1.2 Quantitative review by theme

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

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Landscape

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2

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6

8

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Hedge

Landscape

2. Qualitative review: Main documents that address function of

landscape elements/ hedges

2.1 State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass used for

electricity, heating and cooling in the EU

Type Category Main statements Perspective Synergies

Working

document

Energy Biomass use in the EU is

mainly based on processing

and harvesting residues

(including landscape care

wood).

Energy No

2.2 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020


Resolution/

communication

Environment/

Biodiversity

Facilitate collaboration

among farmers and

foresters to achieve

continuity of landscape

features.

Restoration of

ecosystems leads to

enhanced ecosystem

services

Active management of

natural resources by

Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Enhancing

ecosystem

services and

resilience

against

climate

change

Opportunities

for benefits

from multiple

services

Climate

change

farming is an important

tool to combat

biodiversity loss and

contributes to

mitigating and adapting

to climate change

High Nature Value

(HNV) areas

Diversification of the

agricultural sector:

Adding value to rural

products and services

associated with

specific natural or

landscape elements

Economic

Biodiversity

2.3 Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora


Directive Environment/

biodiversity

Land-use planning and

development policies should

encourage the management

of features of the landscape

which are of major

importance for wild fauna

and flora

Biodiversity No

2.4 Carbon impacts of biomass consumed in the EU - Review of literature on

biogenic carbon and life cycle assessment of forest bioenergy


Report Climate

change/

Biomass use in the EU is

mainly based on processing

Climate

change/

No

Energy and harvesting residues

(including landscape care

wood).

Energy

2.5 European Landscape Convention


Convention/

report

Environment Certain natural and/or

historic elements of

places may be given

particular attention in

order to preserve their

specific c role, particular

historical meaning, and

environmental and

other potential, for

example, in parts of the

territory devoted to

agriculture, e.g. hedges.

The instruments used

may range from forms

of legal protection to

grants to owners and

farmers for upkeep.

Inclusion of the

landscape in sectoral

policies and instruments

Environmental/

historic

Environmental/

historic

Agriculture

Landscape

plans and

studies

should be

part of

energy

management

programmes

2.6 Common agricultural policy


Agriculture/

Environment

Retention of landscape

features (e. f. hedges),

including a ban on cutting

hedges and trees during the

bird breeding and rearing

season.

The creation of "buffer

zones" for high nature value

areas, Natura 2000 or other

biodiversity protection sites,

including along hedgerows

… and the management

(pruning, trimming, dates,

methods, restoration) of

landscape features (trees,

hedgerows, …) are named

as equivalent practices for

ecological focus areas.

“Experience has shown that

certain landscape features

of the fields, in particular

hedges, ditches and

stonewalls, should be

considered part of the

eligible area for area-related

direct payments.”

“Where certain landscape

features, in particular

hedges, ditches and walls,

are traditionally part of good

agriculture cropping or

utilisation practices on

agricultural area in certain

regions, Member States

may decide that the

corresponding area shall be

considered part of the

eligible area of an

agricultural parcel”

3. Transnational agreed statement on EU policy

Although landscape elements are part of current EU policies, such as CAP 2014-

2020, EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 and the European Landscape Convention.,

there is a lack of cross-sectoral legislation and an integrated vision is absent. The

fact that hedges are a multifunctional landscape feature (biodiversity, ecosystem

services for agricultural production, landscape aesthetic, cultural and historic value,

source for energy, integrated pest management, and economic-ecological-corridor) is

not expressed appropriately in EU policies. TWECOM encourages policymakers to

recognise the multiple benefits of hedgerow systems in a cross-sector policy,

especially when developing a future vision on the role of biomass for a sustainable

energy transition that goes hand-in-hand with ecological needs. TWECOM has

developed policy guidelines to further strengthen the role of hedges as community-

builders and energy-sources.

TWECOM suggests to revise the role of hedges in the CAP 2014-2020. Currently it is

at the discretion of each member state to include hedges as a practice to fulfil the

requirements of ecological focus areas (EFAs). Because of the outstanding

importance of hedges, especially for already vastly cleared and intensively used

agricultural areas, we consider it necessary to include hedges as a permanent and

EU wide option for EFAs. Additionally, we suggest to include further differentiations in

the weighting of EFA practices regarding to hedges. Hedges that are properly

managed and whose biomass is used for energy production should be given more

recognition and weight than hedges that are just minimally maintained. Furthermore

we encourage policy makers to revise the rules of adjacency. Using a system that

allows farmers to manage hedges that are not part of their own agricultural land and

add those to their own EFA would mean an incentive for the management of hedges.

Furthermore biomass from landscape elements needs to be considered as a product,

not as residue or waste that needs to be disposed, transported and processed

according to the terms of waste. Using biomass from hedges in some kind of local

product-cascade is a valuable process-tool for the promotion of hedge-products in

our society.

Additionally the planting of new hedges should be encouraged. Thereby we consider

it necessary to start investigations and discussions about the permanence of newly

planted hedges. On the one hand the consideration of hedges as a less permanent

landscape element could encourage farmers to plant new hedges, because they

would have the option to (re)move them if e.g. their agricultural production activities

change. On the other hand, any permanent removal of hedges involves

environmental impacts and the loss their other functions. Relaxing the protection of

newly planted hedges (e.g. in the cross compliance regulations) is a challenge.

However, hedges do not unfold their ecological potential if they are just preserved;

they need to be managed actively to increase their multiple functions.

However, a good management of hedges that improves ecosystems and habitats can

cause problematic consequences for farmers. Based on the Birds Directive and the

Habitats Directive farmers can be forced to refrain from certain agricultural production

methods and to take additional protection-measures if species protected by the Birds

and Habitat Directive (Red List Species) are found. Thus, farmers are not

encouraged to increase the ecological value of hedges by good management

measures. In fact, a measure that is taken to protect nature causes big opposition to

make farmers participate on maintenance of hedges. This is another example for a

lack of cross-sectoral policies and a dilemma that has to be taken into account when

further developing EU policies.

4. List of reviewed documents

Author Year Title Key words Category Type

Ad Hoc Working

Group (AHWG)

2014 Recommendations on the framework conditions for the extraction

of non-energy raw materials in the European Union

landscape Economy

and

Enterprise

1 Report

Council of Europe 2000 European Landscape Convention and reference documents hedge;

landscape

Environm

ent

11 Coventi

on

Council of Europe 2006 Landscape and sustainable development: Challenges of the

European Landscape Convention

Environm

ent

1 Report

Council of Europe 2006 Landscape and sustainable development: Challenges of the

European Landscape Convention

Environm

ent

1 Report

Council of Europe 2010 Council of Europe Conference of Ministers responsible for

Spatial/Regional Planning (CEMAT) Basic texts 1970 – 2010

hedge;

landscape;

shrub

Spatial

planning

1 Report

Council of Europe op.

2012

Landscape facets Reflections and proposals for the

implementation of the European Landscape Convention

hedge;

landscape;

shrub

Environm

ent

1 Report

Council of Europe 2013 An EU strategy on adaptation to climate change Climate 13 Commu

nication

Council of Europe 2014 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000 on protective

measures against the introduction into the Community of

organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their

spread within the Community

hedge; shrub Health 5 Council

directive

Council of

Europe;

European

Parliament

2014 DIRECTIVE 2003/87/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 October 2003 establishing a

scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the

Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC

Climate 6 Directive

Ecofys & Golder

Associates &

European

Commission

PERMITTING OF BIOENERGY INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU-27 Energy 1 Report

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

RESULTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ON THE

"STOCKTAKING DOCUMENT TOWARDS A NEW ENERGY

STRATEGY FOR EUROPE 2011-2020"

landscape Energy 15 Workin

g

document

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass

used for electricity, heating and cooling in the EU

hedge;

landscape

Energy 15 Workin

g

document

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

1986 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 12 June 1986 on the protection of the

environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is

used in agriculture; ( 86 / 278 / EEC)

Waste 5 Council

directive

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

1991 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 12 December 1991 concerning the

protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from

agricultural sources; (91 / 676 /EEC)

Agricultur

e

5 Council

directive

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

1999 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill

of waste

Waste 5 Council

directive

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2000 COMMISSION STATEMENT Environm

ent

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a

framework for Community action in the field of water policy

Environm

ent

6 Directive

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


AND OF THE COUNCIL of 4 December 2000 on the incineration

of waste

Waste 6 Directive

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2001 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC

AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE

REGIONS on the implementation of the Community Strategy and

Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources (1998 – 2000)

COM(2001) 69 final

Energy 13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2002 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION Implementation of Council

Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against

hedge;

landscape

Agricultur

e

1 Report

pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources Synthesis

from year 2000 Member States reports; COM(2002) 407 final

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT FOREST LAW

ENFORCEMENT, GOVERNANCE AND TRADE (FLEGT)

PROPOSAL FOR AN EU ACTION PLAN COM (2003) 251 final

Forestry 13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2005 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Biomass action

plan {SEC(2005) 1573}

Energy 13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2006 Annexes to the COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION

HALTING THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY BY 2010 — AND

BEYOND Sustaining ecosystem services for human well–being

{COM(2006)216 final} TECHNICAL ANNEX

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2006 Commission staff working document - Annex to the

Communication from the Commission - Halting the loss of

biodiversity by 2010 - and beyond - Sustaining ecosystem services

for human well–being {COM(2006)216 final} - Impact assessment

/* SEC/2006/0607 */

landscape Environm

ent

15 Workin

g

document

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2006 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION HALTING THE

LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY BY 2010 — AND BEYOND Sustaining

ecosystem services for human well–being {SEC(2006) 607}

{SEC(2006) 621}

Environm

ent

13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 November 2008 on waste and

repealing certain Directives

Waste 6 Directive

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2008 GREEN PAPER On the management of bio-waste in the

European Union {SEC(2008) 2936}

Waste 1 Report

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2009 BENCHMARK OF BIOENERGY PERMITTING PROCEDURES IN

THE EUROPEAN UNION

landscape Energy 1 Report

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2009 WHITE PAPER Adapting to climate change: Towards a European

framework for action {SEC(2009) 386} {SEC(2009) 387}

{SEC(2009) 388}; COM(2009) 147 final

landscape Climate 1 Report

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2010 Assessment of the EU Biodiversity Action Plan as a tool for

implementing biodiversity policy

Environm

ent

2 Assessm

ent

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2010 Biodiversity: Assessment confirms EU has missed 2010 target, but

important lessons learned

Environm

ent

2 Assessm

ent

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2010 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT State of play in

the EU energy policy Accompanying document to the

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

OF THE REGIONS Energy 2020 A strategy for competitive,

sustainable and secure energy {COM(2010) 639}

Energy 15 Workin

g

document

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN


OF THE REGIONS Energy 2020 A strategy for competitive,

sustainable and secure energy {SEC(2010) 1346}; COM(2010)

639 final

landscape Energy 13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2010 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION on indirect land-use change

related to biofuels and bioliquids

Energy 1 Report

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2010 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on sustainability requirements for

the use of solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity,

heating and cooling SEC(2010) 65 final SEC(2010) 66 final

Energy 1 Report

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2010 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THE 2010 ASSESSMENT OF

IMPLEMENTING THE EU BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN

SEC(2010) 1163 SEC(2010) 1164 SEC(2010) 1165

Environm

ent

1 Report

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE ECONOMIC


REGIONS Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU

biodiversity strategy to 2020 {SEC(2011) 540 final} {SEC(2011)

landscape Environm

ent

13 Commu

nication

541 final}

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE ECONOMIC


REGIONS Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU

biodiversity strategy to 2020 {SEC(2011) 540 final} {SEC(2011)

541 final}

landscape Environm

ent

13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION




OF REGIONS

landscape Economy

and

Enterprise

15 Workin

g

document

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION




OF THE REGIONS

hedge;

landscape;

shrub

Environm

ent

15 Workin

g

document

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION




OF THE REGIONS A resource-efficient Europe – Flagship

initiative under the Europe 2020 Strategy; COM(2011) 21

Economy

and

Enterprise

13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN 2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE Economy 13 Commu

COMMISSION EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN


OF THE REGIONS A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low

carbon economy in 2050 {SEC(2011) 287 final} {SEC(2011) 288

final} {SEC(2011) 289 final}

and

Enterprise

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION




OF THE REGIONS A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low

carbon economy in 2050 {SEC(2011) 287 final} {SEC(2011) 288

final} {SEC(2011) 289 final}

Economy

and

Enterprise

13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION




OF THE REGIONS Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe

{SEC(2011) 1067 final} {SEC(2011) 1068 final}; COM(2011) 571

final

Economy

and

Enterprise

13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2011 EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 - Council conclusions Environm

ent

4 Informati

on note

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2011 Resource-efficient Europe Economy

and

9 MEMO

Enterprise

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2012 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT IMPACT

ASSESSMENT Accompanying the document Proposal for a

Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending

Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels

and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use

of energy from renewable sources {COM(2012) 595 final}

{SWD(2012) 344 final}

shrub Energy 15 Workin

g

document

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION




OF THE REGIONS Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A

Bioeconomy for Europe {SWD(2012) 11 final}

Economy

and

Enterprise

13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2012 Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to

the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive

2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable

sources (Text with EEA relevance) {SWD(2012) 343 final}

{SWD(2012) 344 final}; COM(2012) 595 final

Energy 10 Propos

al for a

directive

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2012 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN

PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC

Environm

ent

1 Report


REGIONS The implementation of the Soil Thematic Strategy and

ongoing activities

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Implementing

the Energy Efficiency Directive – Commission Guidance

{SWD(2013) 445 final} {SWD(2013) 446 final} {SWD(2013) 447

final} {SWD(2013) 448 final} {SWD(2013) 449 final} {SWD(2013)

450 final} {SWD(2013) 451 final}

Energy 13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION


EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Implementing

the Energy Efficiency Directive – Commission Guidance

{SWD(2013) 445 final} {SWD(2013) 446 final} {SWD(2013) 447

final} {SWD(2013) 448 final} {SWD(2013) 449 final} {SWD(2013)

450 final} {SWD(2013) 451 final}

Energy 13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION




OF THE REGIONS A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the

forest-based sector {SWD(2013) 342 final} {SWD(2013) 343 final}

Forestry 13 Commu

nication

EUROPEAN 2013 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE Forestry 13 Commu

COMMISSION EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN


OF THE REGIONS A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the

forest-based sector {SWD(2013) 342 final} {SWD(2013) 343 final}

nication

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2014 Adaptation to climate change Climate 1 Report

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2014 The European Bioeconomy: making the concept a reality Economy

and

Enterprise

9 MEMO

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

2015 amending Decision 2010/670/EU as regards the extension of

certain time-limits laid down in Article 9 and Article 11(1) of that

Decision

Climate 3 Commis

sion

decision

European

Economic

Community

1992 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the

conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora; (OJ L

206, 22.7.1992, p. 7)

hedge;

landscape;

shrub

Environm

ent

5 Council

directive

European

Parliament

2011 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy

to 2020 European Parliament resolution of 20 April 2012 on our

life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to

2020 (2011/2307(INI))

landscape Environm

ent

7 Resoluti

on

European

Parliament

2011 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy

to 2020 European Parliament resolution of 20 April 2012 on our

landscape Environm

ent

7 Resoluti

on

life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to

2020 (2011/2307(INI))

European

Parliament

2013 Decision No 529/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 21 May 2013 on accounting rules on greenhouse gas

emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to land

use, land-use change and forestry and on information concerning

actions relating to those activities

Forestry 14 Decisio

n

European

Parliament;

Council of Europe

2011 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February

2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the

European Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules

as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended

for human consumption and implementing Council Directive

97/78/EC as regards certain samples and items exempt from

veterinary checks at the border under that Directive

Agricultur

e

12 Regulat

ion

European Union 2009 DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the

use of energy from renewable sources and amending and

subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC

Energy 6 Directive

European Union 2009 Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to

improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance

Climate 6 Directive

trading scheme of the Community


Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards

the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a

mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and

amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the

specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and

repealing Directive 93/12/EEC

Energy 6 Directive

European Union 2009 Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of

the Council of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as

regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for

human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002

(Animal by-products Regulation)

Agricultur

e

12 Regulat

ion

European Union 2010 Commission Decision of 3 November 2010 laying down criteria

and measures for the financing of commercial demonstration

projects that aim at the environmentally safe capture and

geological storage of CO2 as well as demonstration projects of

innovative renewable energy technologies under the scheme for

greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community

established by Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament

and of the Council (notified under document C(2010) 7499)

Climate 14 Decisio

n


Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds

Environm

ent

6 Directive

European Union 2010 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated

pollution prevention and control)

Environm

ent

6 Directive

European Union 2010 Regulation (EU) No 995/2010 of the European Parliament and of

the Council of 20 October 2010 laying down the obligations of

operators who place timber and timber products on the marketText

with EEA relevance

Forestry 12 Regulat

ion

European Union 2011 Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February 2011

implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European

Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules as regards

animal by-products and derived products not intended for human

consumption and implementing Council Directive 97/78/EC as

regards certain samples and items exempt from veterinary checks

at the border under that DirectiveText with EEA relevance

Agricultur

e

12 Regulat

ion

European Union 2011 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 749/2011 of 29 July 2011 Agricultur

e

12 Regulat

ion

European Union 2012 Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending

Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives

Energy 6 Directive

2004/8/EC and 2006/32/ECText with EEA relevance

FAO Guide to implementation of phytosanitary standards in forestry landscape;

shrub

Health 8 Guide

The Research

Agency of the

Forestry

Commission

2014 Review of literature on biogenic carbon and life cycle assessment

of forest bioenergy

hedge;

landscape;

shrub

Energy 1 Report

UNEP;

Convention on

Biological

Diversity

2012 REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH MEETING OF THE

CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

landscape Environm

ent

1 Report

review of european policy frameworks regarding to le

Documents

eu review

quantitative review

eu biodiversity strategy

eu policy documents

eu policies

main documents

document type

natural capital