review of the conditional forms to form the conditional, add the conditional endings to an...
TRANSCRIPT
Review of the Conditional
Forms
To form the conditional, add the conditional endings to an infinitive. Conditional endings are the same as those of the imperfect of -er/-ir verbs: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían. Verbs that are irregular in the future tense have the same irregularity in the conditional. There are three types of irregularities.
• some verbs such as caber, haber, poder, querer, and saber drop the e from the infinitive before adding the conditional endings: cabr-, habr-, podr-, querr-, sabr-
• a d replaces the e or i of the infinitive in verbs such as poner, salir, tener, valer, and, venir: pondr-, saldr-, tendr-, valdr-, vendr-
• the forms for decir and hacer are completely irregular: dir- and har-, respectively
Functions
To express hypothetical actions or situations that correspond to the meaning of would in English
Iría contigo, pero no puedo. I would go with you, but I can’t.
Review of the Subjunctive in Adjectival Clauses
FormsYou are already familiar with the forms of the subjunctive. You must use the subjunctive to express a characteristic of a nonexistent or indefinite antecedent. The subjunctive appears in a clause that functions adjectivally, modifying the nonexistent or indefinite antecedent. The antecedent is indicated in bold in these examples.
No hay ningún argumento que There is no argument that willme convenza. convince me.
The verb convencer is in the subjunctive because it describes a nonexistent argument.
No hay nadie que me pueda There is no one who can helpayudar. me.
The verb poder is in the subjunctive because it describes a person who does not exist.
Cualquier cosa que necesiten… Whatever you (may) need…The verb necesitar is in the subjunctive because it refers to an indefinite antecedent, cualquier cosa.
Review of the Preterite
Forms
The preterite is a simple past tense formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem.
-ar VERBS -er/-ir VERBS
-é -amos -í -imos
-aste asteis -iste -isteis
-ó -aron -ió -ieron
There are many common verbs that are irregular in the preterite. You will practice these in the Manual.
Functions
To narrate or indicate that an event or action took place at a specific moment in the past.
Review of the Imperfect
Forms
The imperfect is a simple past tense formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem.
-ar VERBS -er/-ir VERBS
-aba -ábamos -ía -íamos-abas -abais -ías -íais-aba -aban -ía -ían
There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect: ir, ser, and ver. You will practice these in the Manual.
Functions
• To express repeated or habitual actions or situations in the past
Las culturas primitivas practicaban la brujería.
• To indicate that one action was ongoing when another interrupted it (signaled by the preterite)
• Lavaba los platos cuando mi madre me llamó.