review on race and crime

It has been my pleasure to serve you as the Chair of the Division on People of Color and Crime During my four years as Chair you have helped our Division rise to new heights We have over 250 members which is a record for our membership I believe the general membership recog-nizes our important task and they desire to be a part of understanding the intersection of race and crime Our increased membership has now made us fiscally more stable With financial re-serves we are able to fully support all of our conference activities and embark upon our most aggressive endeavor yet the inauguration of our own journal Race and Justice An International Journal This journal will be launched in 2010 by Sage It will be the foremost authority for inter-national issues related to race Under the editorship of Shaun Gabbidon I look forward to

From the Editor Jennifer L Christian

INSID E

THIS ISSU E

From the

Editor

1

From the

Chair

1

Review

Essay by

Gregg Barak

2

News from

the DPCC

Annual Meet-

ing

9

DPCC Award

Winners

10

New

Publications

13

Board Bios 14

Thank You A Note from the Outgoing Chair

Everette B Penn

D I V I S I O N O F

P E O P L E O N C O L O R

A N D C R I M E

Race and Justice Scholar N O V E M B E R 2 0 0 9 V O L U M E 5 I S S U E 2

Hello DPCC members amp friends This edition albeit late is packed with great news about where we have come from as a division and where we are going As you will see in the message from the Chair Dr Penn is moving on from his position as Chair but not without first helping to secure the journal Race and Justice An International al Journal with sage While his leadership will be missed we are very happy to wel-come our new Chair Dr Potter a long time member and active participant in DPCC Addition-ally as you will see in the many photos included in this edition of RJS we have some amazing members doing some amazing work In keeping with the theme of where we are and where we are going Dr Barak has provided an excellent essay on race crime and justice Here he reviews several anthologies and offers a critical analysis of the state of criminological studies and expresses a need for an integrated ap-proach to scholarship and theory Finally in looking forward we welcome yet another new board member Dr Rios Together I am sure we will see great things coming from the DPCC in 2010

P A G E 2

From the Chair cont this journal being a place to showcase the most current and astute findings in our field Our accomplishments do not stop there We now have a proud tradition of a reception with the Division on Women and Crime This annual event fosters collaboration and understanding of the related issues that face our two divisions We should also be proud of our luncheons which provide a time for us to pause and hear stimulating presentations from leaders in the field This year Chief Ramsey of the Philadelphia Po-lice Department will enlighten us about urban crime and policing I am also happy to note we broadened our awards so that we can broadly acknowledge the stars of our Division Additionally there have been those little things that are not often noted that have moved us to be in this great position To all of my col-leagues board members and general members I thank you for your work and support My term as your Chair has ended but I look forward to serving the Division as it rises to even greater heights Everett B Penn

R A C E A N D J U S T I C E S C H O L A R

Review Essay on Race Crime and Justice

Gregg Barak Eastern Michigan University

After the War on Crime Race Democracy and a New Reconstruction edited by Mary Louise Frampton Ian Haney Lopez and Jonathan Simon New York New York University Press 2008 238 pp Race Crime and Justice Contexts and Complexities special editors Lauren J Krivo and Ruth D Peterson The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science volume 623 May 2009 244 pp Racial Divide Racial and Ethnic Bias in the Criminal Justice System edited by Michael J Lynch E Britt Patter-son and Kristina K Childs Monsey NY Criminal Justice Press 2008 301 pp

The recent publication of three collections of original work on raceethnicity crime and criminal justice allow criminologists and others the opportunity to assess the degree to which the study of race crime justice and social control has evolved since the civil rights revolution of the 1960s Each of the anthologies under re-view is certainly well worth reading alone but the overlapping analyses as well as the slightly different orienta-tions to the subject matter makes the reading of all three together a much fuller experience At the same time each of these collections on the ―theory and practice of raceethnicity crime and justice in the United States are subject to varying degrees to the same kind of critique a failure to examine the integrated workings of capi-talism and the developing political economy of crime justice inequality status and privilege

P A G E 3

The sheer number of essays involved here prohibits this reviewer by and large from doing any more than identifying them by title and author for the purpose of giving the reader some sense of the eclectic and sumptuous offerings found inside of these three volumes Instead of addressing more than forty contributions this review essay is divided without formal separation into two substantive unequal parts The first and larger part highlights the arguments and strengths of each of these books It also im-plicitly if not explicitly recognizes the advances made over the traditional study of race crime and jus-tice The second and smaller part draws attention to the weaknesses or limitations of these three ―cutting-edge contemporary approaches It also reflects upon the almost unanswered callmdasharticulated at least as far back as the 1996 publication of Race Gender and Class in Criminology edited by Marty Schwartz and Dragan Milovanovicmdash to develop more comprehensive and dynamic approaches to the study of law crimecrime control the administration of justice and social order The beckoned approaches were in other words to strive to analyze and to integrate the intersecting variables of class race and gender as these interacted in the manufacture of both crime and justice throughout society

After the War on Crime is perhaps the most ambitious of the works reviewed in this essay Of the three it certainly is the more provocative text and as suggested by its subtitlemdashRace Democracy and a New Reconstructionmdasha more broadly based social and historical construction of crime and crime control Framing the problem for the reader in their introduction the editors contend (as Simon had earlier argued in Governing Through Crime1) that the war on crime remade our society

it reshaped our cities transformed our social imagination about the nature of ourselves our neighbors and strangers shifted the distribution of population between urban and rural areas and ultimately changed the way motor vehicles housing developments shopping and office complexes look and operate Perhaps most important the war on crime transformed the social meaning of race in ways that make it more difficult than ever to resolve Americarsquos constitutive flaw its legacy of slavery and racial domination and the structural deformation of democracy that these legacies produced2 After a substantive introductory essay and overview of the anthology by Simon Haney Lopez

and Frampton and before the Afterward Strategies of Resistance by Van Jones the book is divided into three parts I) Crime War and Governance II) A War-Torn Country Race Community and Politics and III) A New Reconstruction Part I consists of four essays The Place of the Prison in the New Government of Poverty by Loic Wacquant America Doesnrsquot Stop at the Rio Grande Democracy and the War on Crime by Angelina Snodgrass Godoy From the New Deal to the Crime Deal by Jonathan Simon and The Great Penal Experiment Lessons for Social Justice by Todd Clear

Part II also consists of four essays The Code of the Streets by Elijah Anderson The Contempo-rary Penal Subject(s) by Mona Lynch The Punitive City Revisited The Transformation of Urban Social Control by Katherine Beckett and Steve Herbert and Frightening Citizens and a Pedagogy of Violence by William Lyons

Part III consists of five essays Smart on Crime by Kamala Harris Rebelling against the War on Low-Income of Color and Immigrant Communities by Gerald Lopez Of Taints and Time The Racial Ori-gins and Effects of Floridarsquos Felony Disenfranchisement Law by Jessie Allen The Politics of the War

P A G E 4


against the Young by Barry Krisberg and Transformative Justice and the Dismantling of Slaveryrsquos Legacy in Post-Modern America by Mary Louise Frampton

Thematically this anthology endeavors and succeeds for the most part in developing an apprecia-tion for how the now three decades old and more ―war on crime has lost its momentum and that the na-tional mood may be swinging against this war based on its economic social and cultural costs However as the contributors reveal the devastation brought by this domestic war and the transformation of American society according to the ―logic of crime control is not easily undone Nevertheless in analyzing the forma-tion the growth and the effects of the war on street crime across the institutions of society and by employ-ing what I call a ―cultural-ideological approach the book tries to explain how we got where we are and how we might extricate ourselves and create a post-crime control society More particularly the editors also declare that the ―reentry problem or crisis has reframed the debate about crime

For decades the issue was whether harsher prison sentences could protect Americans from the violent

crimes they most fear Little attention was paid to what happened to the people consigned to years of incarceration With reentry the debate has changed to how prisons create crime risks for Americans and what can be done in and after prison to diminish the risk3

In addition the editors and contributors ask and answer questions about the ways in which govern-ment foundations communities and activists can respond in efforts to repair the damage done especially to those communities most victimized by aggressive policing and strategies of mass incarceration as well as to those persons who have also suffered from years of warehousing in violent and racially divided insti-tutions In tying these two ends of the problem together a basic question becomes how does the United States reintegrate those several hundred thousand persons annually that are currently being released back to inner-city urban areas which for the most part are incapable of sustained economic activity social re-production and informal social control Even more fundamentally as Van Jones wants to know how do citizens resist the merging of the prison-industrial complex the military-industrial complex the national sur-veillance security state the ―seamless web of repression from west Oakland to Baghdad and the US government acting violent inside of at and beyond its borders In refusing to accept racialized policing and racialized oppression Jones calls on progressives to move well beyond those welfare state policies that have outlived their usefulness and toward the building of strategies of resistance which are capable of merging ―the struggles for immigrant and refugee rights for peace and freedom and for racial justice4 Finally in reconsidering the future and in imagining a post-war on crime America the editors call for a new discourse that (1) exposes the highly artificial and distorted image of the crime problem created by the ―nationalizing project which essentially rendered it more or less the same crime dilemma from one community to the next community (2) re-emphasizes ―racial justice as a central axis to reimagining a new criminal justice enterprise and (3) reconsiders crime control from the perspective that looks beyond crimi-nal justice to the broader questions of governance and democracy both at home and abroad While I iden-tify the approach taken by After the War on Crime as cultural-ideological I identify the approach taken by Race Crime and Justice as ―structural-inequitable For openers Krivo and Peterson inform us in their in-troductory overview that the contributions in this volume examine the ―structural underpinnings of racialized

P A G E 5 V O L U M E 5 I S S U E 2

justice in an effort to sort out ―how inequality in crime and justice is an outgrowth of structured societal inequality and the dynamic ways that individuals interact with social structures5 The articles included in this thematic issue of The Annals are an outgrowth of the work and ongoing activities of the Racial De-mocracy Crime and Justice Network (RDCJN) a diverse set of academics throughout the United States that seek ―to stimulate conduct and support scholarship that deepens and challenges current knowl-edge on racial and ethnic differentials in all aspects of crime and justice6 These articles also tend to be more ethnographic in nature than the other two anthologies and the contributors are also more raciallyethnically diverse This no doubt contributes to the fact that though all three volumes reviewed here aim to move beyond one-dimensional analyses of the black-white dichotomy this collection accomplishes greater racialethnic diversity in its examination and analysis than the other two collections In continuing the activities of RDCJN the editors aver that the included articles contribute further to new and expanding dimensions of knowledge in three ways ―(1) by highlighting the complex and nu-anced patterns of involvement in crime and treatment by criminal justice organizations (2) by assessing the various processes and mechanisms that operate to generate racialized patterns of crime and the ap-plication of justice and (3) by examining the collateral consequences of perceived or actual interactions with the criminal justice system7 Accordingly this collection is divided into three sections consisting of five articles each Section OnemdashPatternsmdashconsists of articles that discuss the patterns of race-ethnic inequality in crime and justice These include The Impact of Neighborhood Context on Intragroup and Intergroup Robbery The San Antonio Experience by Jeffrey Cancino Ramiro Martinez Jr and Jacob Stowell Youth ViolencemdashCrime or Self-Help Marginalized Urban Malesrsquo Perspectives on the Limited Efficacy of the Criminal Justice System to Stop Youth Violence by Deanna Wilkinson Chauncey Beaty and Regina Lurry Latino Youthsrsquo Experiences with and Perceptions of Involuntary Police Encounters by Carmen Soils Edwardo Portillos and Rod Brunson The Environmental Context of Racial Profiling by Patricia Warren and Amy Farrell and The Effects of RaceEthnicity and National Origin on Length of Sentence in the United States Virgin Islands by Gale Iles Taken as a whole these five contributions reveal ―how dif-ferential involvement with crime and contact with systems of justice are similar or dissimilar across char-acteristics like immigrant status nationality geographic location time andor class8 Section TwomdashProcessesmdashconsists of articles that investigate those social processes that link raceethnicity to inequitable patterns of crime and justice These include Race and the Response of State Legislatures to Unauthorized Immigrants by Jorge Chavez and Doris Marie Provine Segregated Spatial Locations Race-Ethnic Composition and Neighborhood Violence by Ruth Peterson and Lauren Krivo Race Ethnicity Class and Noncompliance with Juvenile Court Supervision by Hilary Smith Nancy Rodriguez and Marjorie Zatz Race Effects of Representation among Federal Court Workers Does Black Workforce Representation Reduce Sentencing Disparities by Amy Farrell Geoff Ward and Danielle Rousseau and ―Cultures of Inequality Ethnicity Immigration Social Welfare and Imprison-ment by Robert Crutchfield and David Pettinicchio Taken as a whole these five contributions focus on the contextual organizational and attributional mechanisms that help to create and reproduce racial and ethnic disparities in both the adult and juvenile justice systems Section ThreemdashConsequencesmdashunderscores the societal consequences of racialized crime and justice patterns processes and policies especially those underlying the development over the past three decades of mass incarceration in the United States These include The Consequences of the Criminal Justice Pipeline on Black and Latino Masculinity by Victor Rios Perceptions of Criminal Injus-tice Symbolic Racism and Racial Politics by Ross Matsueda and Kevin Drakulich Mass Incarceration of Parents in America Issues of RaceEthnicity Collateral Damage to Children and Prisoner Reentry

P A G E 6


by Holly Foster and John Hagan Sentencing Disadvantage Barriers to Employment Facing Young Black and White Men with Criminal Records by Devah Pager Bruce Western and Naomi Sugie and Structuring and Re-creating Inequality Health Testing Policies Race and the Criminal Justice System by Bryan Sykes and Alex Piquero Taken as a whole these studies help to demonstrate how contemporary criminal justice and in particular penal policies not only impact individual offenders and their families inequitably but they also help to reinforce the larger systems of inequality operating across communities and labor markets Not unlike the contributions in After the War on Crime the contributions in the special edition of The Annals on Race Crime and Justice when taken as a whole represent the efforts by those associated with RDCJN and others ―to produce research that will move us toward a more just society in which all groups are full participants9 The same may also be written about the research and the authors that con-tribute to the Racial Divide In terms of the third anthology I identify Racial Divide as taking an ―institutional-macromicro ap-proach In short this book of readings incorporates an analysis of the structural and unconscious relations of racial justice throughout society linking the racial and ethnic biases within the criminal justice system to the racial and ethnic biases of the larger society Comparatively this anthology is more of an issues-oriented text It also provides one-third fewer contributions than the other two anthologies and yet this col-lection is approximately twenty percent longer revealing in some ways deeper and more theoretically in-formed or penetrating analyses of the material examined In this readerrsquos introduction The Context of Racial and Ethnic Bias in Criminal Justice Process editors Lynch Patterson and Childs provide a framework that importantly underscores the evidence of racial-economic disparity as it pertains to both African Americans and Hispanic Americans They also con-nect these material relations to those institutional relations of discrimination operating throughout American society They accomplish this by reviewing the enduring social-structural inequities including those of pov-erty education and occupation geographical segregation differential opportunities and life experiences For just one example the editors identify those inequities in the residential segregation patterns that are connected to the institutionalized discrimination found in the insurance housing and mortgage industries The ten chapters that follow the introduction are not grouped together or divided into separate sec-tions or parts as was the case with the other two anthologies As the editors point out each of these contri-butions ―stands on its own as a discussion of racial and ethnic biases but each was included as part of the design of this book to present a well rounded examination of the various dimensions of racial and ethnic bias within and without the criminal justice system10 In the first of these chapters Theories of Racial and Ethnic Bias in Juvenile and Criminal Justice Michael Leiber presents an overview of the macro-and-micro factors that interact with individual characteristics to produce outcome bias He also provides a comprehen-sive discussion of both the traditional and more contemporary explanations of bias that influence criminal justice decision-making This chapter nicely sets the stage or frames the discussion for the rest of the book The next couple of chapters consider racial bias policing and policy reforms that may reduce ra-cialethnic disparities in law enforcement In the first of these Racially Biased Policing The Law Enforce-ment Response to the Implicit Black-Crime Association Lorie Fridell analyzes the research on unconscious racial bias and how this impacts social behavior In the second Perceptions of Bias-Based Policing Impli-cations for Police Policy and Practice Brian Williams and Billy Close utilize focus group interview data of police officers and residents from a community where community policing was practiced in order to shed light on the perceived differences of racial bias


The four chapters that follow provide in depth reviews of the literature and research on selective enforce-mentapplication and sentencing disparities on the differences between drug laws and drug enforce-ment on minority overrepresentation in prisons and on the statersquos decision to take a life Respectively these review essays include Race Ethnicity and Sentencing by Amy Farrell and Donna Bishop Race Drugs and Juvenile Court Processing by E Britt Patterson The Racial Divide in US Prisons An Exami-nation of Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Imprisonment by Michael Lynch and Racial Bias and the Death Penalty by Judith Kavanaugh-Earl John Cochran M Dwayne Smith Sondra Fogel and Beth Bjerre-gaard In the final three chapters the contributors ―present unique examinations of racial bias that are often omitted from criminological discussions and that have not previously appeared in a collection of essays examining racial bias and criminal justice11 Included here are Profiling White Americans A Re-search Note on ―Shopping While White by Shaun Gabbidon and George Higgins The Things that Pass for Knowledge Racial Identity in Forensics by Tom Mieczkowski and The Neglect of Race and Class in Environmental Crime Research by Paul Stretesky As editors Lynch Patterson and Child conclude and as the editors and the contributors to the three anthologies would all probably agreemdashthere remains a deep and persistent racial divide in US society This racial divide exists on numerous dimensions as a perception of others or in the form of stereotypes in vastly different access to health care and education and in the unequal distribution of economic goods and access to employment And despite societyrsquos best interests and intentions there appear to be unconscious processes that continue to facilitate racial bias in criminal justice processes Unfortunately numerous legal remedies and policiesmdash ranging from civil rights laws to affirmative action programs and to enforcement efforts by agencies such as the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commissionmdashhave failed to eliminate Americarsquos racial divide Policies to help achieve this objective however must be informed by an understanding of the nature and extent of racial bias in American society and in its institutions which in turn highlights the need for the continued study of this issue within criminology as well as other disciplines12 Briefly this consensus over the persistence of the racial divide that I am attributing to an impetus behind each of these anthologies and to the excellent research and scholarship found on the pages therein does not insulate these works from a respectful critique Such a critique is both ―structural-epistemological and ―process-ontological Regarding the former I am referring to the omission of a ―radical criminology that was charac-teristic of the legitimation crisis of the 1960s and early 1970s or to the absence of any discussion of a political economy of crime justice inequality status and privilege In other words in these anthologies there is scarcely any mention of the workings of capitalism in relation to race crime and justice

P A G E 8


There are no discussions of how the current practices of crime and the various forms of capitalism shape crime control including the processes of racialethnic gender and class disparity Or more broadly how capitalist formations shape social institutions social identities and social actions And how the con-flicts and contradictions of raceethnicity gender and class are created by capitalism Or how crime and justice are responses to these conflicts and contradictions and to the multiple ways in which capitalist law facilitates and conceals the crimes of domination and repression committed throughout the world In short there are no examinations of how the inequalities of crime and justice are functional to capitalism and to the perpetuation of the skewed distribution of goods and services throughout society Finally by ignoring these social relations of production these anthologies help to perpetuate these inequitable conditions as they contribute to and call for variations of the same old reformist reforms that exempt the structural changes called for not only from political and social examination but also from policy development imple-mentation and reform

Regarding the latter I am referring to the one-dimensional lens or modes of inquiry employed in the study of race crime and justice As valuable as each of these three anthologies are and as strong as each of their lensmdashcultural-ideological structural-inequitable and institutional-macromicromdashused to exam-ine the racial divide are an integrated approach that incorporates the three lens is a more comprehensive and powerful lens Similarly but in other ways I am also referring to the macro-micro need to examine the variables of raceethnicity gendersexuality and classstatus in relation to each other and to crime and jus-tice identities not through independent and separate lens but through interdependent and intersecting lens Finally what are called for are more integrated approaches that bring all of these lenses to the theory and practice of crime justice and inequality in America13

Endnotes

1 Simon J (2007) Governing through Crime How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear New York Oxford University Press 2 After the War on Crime p 3 3 Ibid p 5 4 Ibid p 224 5 Race Crime and Justice p 7 6 Ibid p8 7 Ibid 8 Ibid p 9 9 Ibid p10 10 Racial Divide p 10 11 Ibid p12 12 Ibid pp 13-14 13 To date the only book (not anthology) to take up this challenge raised in the 1990s by Schwartz Milovanovic and other crimi-nologists has been the first (2001) second (2007) and forthcoming (2010) edition of Class Race Gender and Crime The Social Realities of Justice in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield) by G Barak Paul Leighton and Jeanne Flavin

P A G E 9

News from the DPCC Annual Meeting

The Luncheon Keynote Speaker Commissioner Charles Ramsey of the Philadelphia Po-lice Department led a thoughtful and interesting conversation of his career in law enforcement and many issues regarding race and crime

Commissioner Charles Ramsey Philadelphia Police Department

Charles H Ramsey was appointed Police Commissioner of the Philadelphia Police Department on

January 7 2008 Commissioner Ramsey leads the fourth largest police department in the country with 6700 sworn members and 830 civilian members He brings the knowledge and experience of nearly forty years in the law enforcement profession

He was the chief of the DC Metropolitan Police Department from April 21 1998 to December 28 2006 He was the longest-serving chief of the MPDC since DC Home Rule and the second longest-serving in Department history Under then Chief Ramseys leadership the Department regained its reputation as a na-

tional leader in urban policing

Commissioner Ramsey served in the Chicago Police Department for nearly three decades in a vari-ety of assignments He began his career in 1968 at the age of 18 as a Chicago Police cadet He became a police officer in February 1971 and was promoted through the ranks eventually serving as commander of patrol detectives and narcotics units In 1994 he was named Deputy Superintendent of the Bureau of Staff Services where he managed the departments education and training research and development labor af-

fairs crime prevention and professional counseling functions

A native of Chicago Illinois Commissioner Ramsey holds both bachelors and masters degrees in

criminal justice from Lewis University in Romeoville Illinois

P A G E 1 0

DPCC Award Winners The ASC Division on People of Color and Crime is proud to announce its 2009 awardees for out-standing contributions to the discipline and division We also wish to thank the members of the 2009 Awards Committee and the many DPCC members who nominated outstanding candidates for the awards Marjorie Zatz is the recipient of the 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award This award recognizes an

individual who has a record of sustained and significant accomplishments and contributions in (1) research on people of color and crime and the field of criminology or criminal justice (2) teaching andor mentoring scholars in this field and (2) service to the discipline and to the com-munity of people of color Dr Zatz is currently a Professor Faculty Head of the Justice and So-cial Inquiry program and Director of Research and Strategic Initiatives at Arizona State Univer-sity Throughout her distinguished career Dr Zatz has made important contributions in all of these areas including numerous published works on racial and ethnic disparities immigration and crime Chicanos in the legal system and the effects criminal justice decisions on families and girls

Jody Miller is the winner of the Coramae Richey Mann Award which recognizes members of the Division who have made outstanding contributions of scholarship on raceethnicity crime and justice Dr Miller a Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Uni-versity of Missouri ndash St Louis has contributed greatly and consistently to the study of race crime and justice and has mentored several accomplished scholars in our discipline Dr Millerrsquos most recent book is Getting Played African American Girls Urban Inequality and Gen-dered Violence

Nikki Jones receives the New Scholar Award This award recognizes an individual who is in the early stages of his or her career and has made significant recent contributions to the literature on people of color and crime Dr Jones is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of California ndash Santa Barbara Her research focuses on gender and violence Among her re-cent publications is a book Between Good and Ghetto African American Girls and Inner City Violence

The Julius Debro Award recognizes members of the Division who have made outstanding contri-butions in service to professional organizations academic institutions or the advancement of criminal justice The 2009 winner is Everette Penn who has made significant contributions to his university the discipline and the larger community not least by serving as the Chair of the Division on People of Color and Crime from 2005 to 2009 and leading our division through tre-mendous growth and success Dr Penn is an Associate Professor of Criminology and Faculty Associate in the Cross-Cultural Studies Program at the University of Houston ndash Clear Lake

The Outstanding Student Award recognizes outstanding student research on raceethnicity crime and justice This yearrsquos award goes to Brian Starks a Criminology PhD Student at the University of Delaware whose current research focuses on black youth and crime


P A G E 1 1

DPCC Award Winners

Marjorie Zatz winner of the DPCC Lifetime Achievement Award receives her plaque from Awards Committee Chair and Executive Counselor Elsa Chen after the luncheon

Jody Miller receives the Coramae Richey Mann Award Nikki Jones receives the New Scholar Award

Brian Starks receives the Outstanding Graduate Student Award

P A G E 1 2

DPCC Award Winners


Ruth Peterson last years Life-time Achievement Award winner was one of this years raffle win-ners

Julius Debro (right) poses with Everette Penn win-ner of Dr Debros name-sake award for service

P A G E 1 3

New Publications

Abril Julie C 2009 Crime and Violence In a Native American Indian Reservation A Crimino-

logical Study of the Southern Ute Indians Forward by Gilbert Geis Former President American Society of Criminology VDM Publishing House Mauritius

Abril Julie C 2009 Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey The Final Data VDM

Publishing House Mauritius Abril Julie C 2009 Violent Victimization Among One Native American Indian Tribe VDM Pub-

lishing Germany Duraacuten Robert J 2009 Over-Inclusive Gang Enforcement and Urban Resistance A Compari-

son between Two Cities Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict and World Order 36 no 1

Duraacuten Robert J 2009 The Core Ideals of the Mexican American Gang Living the Presenta-

tion of Defiance Aztlaacuten A Journal of Chicano Studies 34 no 2 Glover Karen S 2009 Racial Profiling Research Racism and Resistance Rowman amp Little-

field Reyes C L 2009 Corrections-based drug treatment programs and crime prevention An inter-

national approach Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 48(7) 620-634 Russell-Brown Kathryn 2009 The Color of Crime New York University Press Wilkinson D L 2009 Event Dynamics and the Role of Third Parties in Youth Violence Final

Report submitted to the US Department of Justice National Institute of Justice Grant 2006-IJ-CX-0004 Columbus Ohio May 28 300+ pages

Wilkinson D L 2009 Event Dynamics and the Role of Third Parties in Youth Violence Execu-

tive Summary Report submitted to the US Department of Justice National Institute of Justice Grant 2006-IJ-CX-0004 Columbus Ohio May 28 18 pages

Chair Hillary Potter PhD

Hillary Potter is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Colorado at Boulder Dr Potter holds a BA and a PhD in sociology from the University of Colorado at Boulder and an MA in criminal justice from the John Jay College of Criminal Justice Her research has focused on the intersections of race gender and class issues as they relate to crime and violence Currently Dr Potter is researcing intimate partner abuse among interracial couples serial battering and community intervention in intimate partner abuse Dr Potter is the author of Battle Cries Black Women and Intimate Partner Abuse (New York University Press 2008) and the editor of Racing the Storm Racial Implications and Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina (Lexington Books 2007)

Vice Chair Terry Adams-Fuller PhD

Terri Adams-Fuller PhD is an Associate Professor of Administration of Justice in Howard Universityrsquos De-partment of Sociology and Anthropology Prior to joining the faculty at Howard University she taught at the University of the District of Columbia She has also worked as a Research Associate at the Institute of Public Safety and Crime the Institute for Crime Justice and Corrections and the American Sociological Association Dr Adams-Fullerrsquos research takes a multidisciplinary approach to examining issues that have both theoretical and practical implications Her specific research interest includes domestic violence policing and the impact of trauma and disasters on individuals and organizations Her most recent work centers on the decision mak-ing processes of both individuals and organizations in the face of crisis events In addition to her academic work Dr Adams-Fuller has served as a research consultant for a number of agencies and non-profit organi-zations including the Williams Institute the Metropolitan Police Department the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives the Prince Georgersquos Center for Youth and Family Research the Fraternal Order of Police Metropolitan Police Labor Committee and the Urban Institute

Secretary amp Treasurer Jennifer L Christian PhD

Jennifer L Christian is an Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice amp Legal Studies and Sociology at California Lutheran University Dr Christian earned her BA in sociology psychology and minor in CriminologyCriminal Justice from CSU San Marcos She earned her MA and PhD in Sociology from Indiana University Bloomington Her research predominantly focuses on the intersections of media public opinion and elite dis-course on policy change Dr Christian is currently working on several projects investigating crime policy and has recently published ―When Does Public Opinion Matter in The Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare on the linkages between public opinion and policy outcomes

Executive Councilor Elsa Chen PhD

Elsa Chen has served as a member of the DPCC Executive Council since 2007 and has been a member of ASC since 1997 Dr Chen is an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Public Sector Studies Program at Santa Clara University She teaches courses in criminal justice policy domestic public policy and US politics and is Director of the Public Sector Studies Program Dr Chen worked as a policy

Get to know the DPCC Executive Board

analyst in the Criminal Justice Program at RAND from 1996 to 2000 She has a PhD (2000) in Political Sci-ence from UCLA an MPP (1993) from Harvardrsquos Kennedy School of Government and an AB (1991) from Princeton Dr Chenrsquos research interests include racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing the consequences of mandatory minimum sentencing policies and the links between incarceration and homelessness Executive Councilor Nathaniel Terrell PhD Nathaniel Eugene Terrell (Nate) is currently employed at Emporia State University (ESU) He earned a Bache-lor of Arts in Criminal Justice (1986) and a Masters of Arts in Management and Administration in Criminal Jus-tice (1988) from the University of Central Oklahoma and his Doctorate in Sociology (1993) from Iowa State University Nate has also been named Whos Who Among American Teachers in 1998 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 and 2009 and has been selected United Whos Who He currently serves on six ESU committees the Kansas Board of Indigent Defense Services Division of Color and Crime and American Society of Crimi-nology Mentorship Committee He is also the President of the Emporia Rescue Mission and Chairman of the Fifth Judicial District Disproportionate Minority Contact Task Force Nate has been married 25 years to Cathy has two children and three grandchildren (all boys)

Executive Councilor Victor Rios PhD Victor Rios is an Assistant Professor in the Sociology Department at University of California Santa Barbara His research focuses on the criminalization of Black and Latino youth Rios received his PhD from UC Berke-ley He is a native of Oakland California He has a forthcoming book titled Punished The Criminalization of Inner City Youth with New York University Press

Immediate Past Chair Everette Penn PhD Dr Everette Penn is an Associate Professor of Criminology at the University of Houston ndash Clear Lake He earned a BA in Political Science from Rutgers University a MA in Criminal Justice from the University of Central Texas and a PhD in Criminology from Indiana University of Pennsylvania Recent publications in-clude ―Introduction Homeland Security and Criminal Justice Five Years After 911 Criminal Justice Studies Critical Journal of Crime Law and Society 20 2007 ―Service-Learning A Tool to En-hance Criminal Justice Journal of Criminal Justice Education 14 2003 ―Reducing Delinquency Through Ser-vicerdquo Washington DC Corporation for National Service Government Printing Office 2000 In 2005 he was chosen to be a Fulbright scholar in American Stud-


Photo The 2009-2010 DPCC Executive Council Left to right Victor Rios Elsa Chen Everette Penn Terri Adams Hillary Potter and Nathaniel Terrell Not pictured Jennifer Christian

P A G E 2

From the Chair cont this journal being a place to showcase the most current and astute findings in our field Our accomplishments do not stop there We now have a proud tradition of a reception with the Division on Women and Crime This annual event fosters collaboration and understanding of the related issues that face our two divisions We should also be proud of our luncheons which provide a time for us to pause and hear stimulating presentations from leaders in the field This year Chief Ramsey of the Philadelphia Po-lice Department will enlighten us about urban crime and policing I am also happy to note we broadened our awards so that we can broadly acknowledge the stars of our Division Additionally there have been those little things that are not often noted that have moved us to be in this great position To all of my col-leagues board members and general members I thank you for your work and support My term as your Chair has ended but I look forward to serving the Division as it rises to even greater heights Everett B Penn


Review Essay on Race Crime and Justice

Gregg Barak Eastern Michigan University

After the War on Crime Race Democracy and a New Reconstruction edited by Mary Louise Frampton Ian Haney Lopez and Jonathan Simon New York New York University Press 2008 238 pp Race Crime and Justice Contexts and Complexities special editors Lauren J Krivo and Ruth D Peterson The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science volume 623 May 2009 244 pp Racial Divide Racial and Ethnic Bias in the Criminal Justice System edited by Michael J Lynch E Britt Patter-son and Kristina K Childs Monsey NY Criminal Justice Press 2008 301 pp

The recent publication of three collections of original work on raceethnicity crime and criminal justice allow criminologists and others the opportunity to assess the degree to which the study of race crime justice and social control has evolved since the civil rights revolution of the 1960s Each of the anthologies under re-view is certainly well worth reading alone but the overlapping analyses as well as the slightly different orienta-tions to the subject matter makes the reading of all three together a much fuller experience At the same time each of these collections on the ―theory and practice of raceethnicity crime and justice in the United States are subject to varying degrees to the same kind of critique a failure to examine the integrated workings of capi-talism and the developing political economy of crime justice inequality status and privilege

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