review: test 2. the rate limiting step of a nerve transmission is a)electrical synapse b)action...
TRANSCRIPT
The rate limiting step of a nerve transmission is
a) Electrical synapseb) Action potentialc) Chemical synapsed) Resting potential
Chemical synapse : diffusion of neurotransmitterSlower than the action potential. Unit 2A: synapses
Which neurotransmitter causes hyperpolarization?
a) Acetylcholineb) Norepinephrinec) Glutamic acidd) GABA
GABA – acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter causing hyperpolarization.
Unit 2A: neurotransmitters
All reflexes involve only an afferent and efferent neuron
• True• False
False – reflexes involve an afferent neuron, efferent and a interneurons that process in the sensory information received by afferent neuron and send a response through the efferent neuron.
Match the following
Cerebral Lobe1. Frontal2. Parietal3. Occipital4. Insula5. Temporal
1: b2: e3: a4:c5: d
Functiona) Visual perception and memory;
focusing of the eyesb) Motor control; intellectual processesc) Memory, sensory pain, visceral
integrationd) Interpretation of auditory sensations;
auditory memory. e) Somatesthetic sensations
The reticular activation system (RAS) when inhibited makes you _____
a) Alertb) Sleepc) Concentrated) Wakeful
b) Sleep Unit 2B: Functional System of Brain
The process of linking new facts with old ones already stored in the memory
bank is called:a) Automatic memoryb) Long term memoryc) Short term memoryd) Association
Answer: AssociationReview 2B:Memory and transfer from STM to LTM
The __________ controls the autonomic nervous system as well as releases tropical hormones to control the endocrine system
a) Midbrainb) Pituitary glandc) Hypothalamusd) Limbic system
Hypothalamus – osmoreceptors, thermostatsReview: Unit 2B Functional Systems of brain
The autonomic nervous system has motor neurons innervating
a) Skeletal musclesb) Viscera and glandsc) Myelinated axonsd) Effectors neurons
Answer: Viscera and glandsReview: Unit 2C : ANS vs. SNS
In the autonomic nervous system, norepinephrine is released by
a) Parasympathetic preganglionic neuronsb) Sympathetic preganglionic neuronsc) Sympathetic postganglionic neuronsd) Both a and b
Answer: Sympathetic postganglionic neuronsRelease norepinephrine; the rest release acetylcholineReview: 2C: neurotransmitters released
Nicotinic receptors have an excitatory effect. They bind to the neurotransmitter ___________ and are found in ________________
a) Norepinephrine, preganglionic dendritesb) Norepinephrine, postganglionic dendritesc) Acetylcholine, postganglionic dendritesd) Alpha receptors, postganglionic dendrites
Answer: Acetylcholine – postganglionic dendritesReview: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors
Alpha1 receptors respond to ____________ and increases sweating palms.
a) GABAb) Norepinephrinec) Acetylcholined) Glycine
Answer: NorepinephrineReview: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors
Lying invokes a sympathetic response causing pupils to __________ as mediated by ____ and
____ receptors.a) Constrict, nicotinic and alphab) Constrict, alpha1 and beta2
c) Dilate, nicotinic and muscarinicd) Dilate, alpha1 and beta2
Answer: Dilate, alpha1 and beta2
Review: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors
Acetylcholine is not released by the postganglionic sympathetic nervous
system. a) Trueb) False
True – norepinephrine is released by the postganglionic nervous system.
Review: 2C - neurotransmitters released
Which sensory receptor in the cochlea perceives air pressure changes?
a) Photoreceptorb) Nociceptorsc) Chemoreceptord) Mechanoreceptor
Answer: MechanoreceptorReview: 2D – Senses receptor
Which is not detected by mechanoreceptor?
a) Pressure changesb) Tastec) Touchd) Vibration
Answer: Taste – detected by chemoreceptorReview: 2D Senses – types receptors
Which skin receptor can detect the texture of fine sand?
a) Meissner corpusclesb) Ruffinni endingsc) Merkel’s diskd) Pacinian corpuscles
Answer: Meissner corpuscles – detect texture and vibration
Review: 2D – Cutaneous Sensations
Saccular hair cells respond to ___________ movement and are found near the ____________
a) Horizontal, semicircular canalsb) Horizontal, cochleac) Vertical, cochlead) Vertical, semicircular canals
Answer: vertical, cochleaReview: 2D - Equilibrium
The oval window is directly to which area in the cochlea?
a) Scala tympanib) Scala vestibulic) Scala mediad) Organ of Cort
Answer: Scala vestibuliReview: 2D – Cochlea structure
Center of focus is found in the ____________.
a) Corneab) Bipolar cell layerc) Lensd) Macula lutea
Answer: Macula Lutea – where cones are foundReview: 2D – Cones and Rods
If someone is myopic, their focal point _____________ of the retina and need ____________lens.
a) Back, convexb) Back, concavec) Front, concaved) Front, convex
Answer: Front, concaveReview: 2D - Problems of Refraction
Neurotransmitter is released from rods and cones in the dark.
a) Trueb) False
Answer: TrueReview: 2D Dark current of the eye
Which sense perception doesn’t involve the thalamus
a) Tasteb) Hearingc) Balanced) Smell
Answer: SmellReview: notes - processes
In order to make an effect this type of hormone must enter the cell directly
a) Paracrineb) Autocrinec) Steroidsd) Biogenic Amides
Answer: SteroidsReview: Unit 2E – Chemical Classes of Hormones
Biogenic amides hormones exert their effects on the target cell via
a) Transduction responseb) Chemical synapsec) Second messenger responsed) Translation response
Answer: Second messengerReview: Unit 2E – Chemical Classes of Hormones
Insulin is released as a response to an increase in blood sugar levels. This is an example of
a) Hormonal stimulib) Neural stimulic) Humoral stimulid) Digestion stimuli
Answer: Humoral stimuliReview: 2E – Types of hormonal stimuli
Which is NOT a tropic hormone?
a) Growth hormoneb) Aldosteronec) Luthenizing hormoned) Prolactin
Answer: ProlactinReview: 2E – Anterior Pituitary hormones
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone both control the level of calcium in the blood. ___________ promotes calcium withdrawals; ___________promotes bone mineralization
a) Calcitrol, calcitoninb) Calcitonin, parathyroidc) Parathyroid, calcitrold) Parathyroid, calcitonin.
Answer: Parathyroid, calcitoninReview: Thryorid and parathyroid gland
Match the following zones to the matching corticoids
1. Zona glomerulosa2. Zona fasciculata3. Zona reticularis
a) glucocorticoidsb) gonadocorticoidsc) mineralocorticoids
Answers: 1. C2. A3. BReview: Adrenal Cortex
Cushing syndrome and Addison’s disease results due to an imbalance in the
hormonea) Testosteroneb) Thyroidc) Cortisold) Glucagon
Answer: CortisolReview: 2E – Hormones and Conditions