Review – Test II

Protestant Reformation

• The Marburg Colloquy– Landgrave Phillip of

Hesse– Luther and Zwingli

• Swiss Civil War– Battle of Kappel

• English Reformation– Henry VIII– Catherine of Aragon – Anne Boleyn– The Act of Supremacy

• Calvinism– John Calvin– Institutes of the Christian Faith– Calvin’s Beliefs

• Total Depravity• The Elect• Predestination

• The Society of Jesus– Jesuits– Ignatius of Loyola– “Soldiers for Christ”

• Diet of Augsburg– Peace of Augsburg

Era of Religious Wars

• England– Edward VI of England

• Book of Common Prayer

– Jane Grey• “The Nine Day Queen”

– Mary I “Bloody Mary”• Catholicism

– Elizabeth I• “Elizabethan Settlement”• Act of Supremacy – 1559• Protestantism &

Nationalism• Politique

• Hapsburgs– Division– Phillip – West– Ferdinand – East

• Phillip II– Madrid– Wealth & Taxes– Hapsburg Valois War– The Battle of Lepanto

• Holy League and the Ottomans

Era of Religious Wars• Netherlands Revolt (80 Year

War)– The Duke of Alba– The Council of Troubles / The

Council of Blood– William of Orange

• Politique

– Union of Utrecht

• French Religious Wars– Huguenots– Conde, Coligny, and Guise– The Saint Bartholomew’s Day

Massacre

• England at Sea– Privateers– Colonization Attempts

• Roanoke

• Mary, Queen of Scots– Scandal– Flees to England– House arrest– Death

• The “Invincible” Armada– Duke of Medina-Sidonia– Delays, English Attack, and

Storm

France & England• War of the Three Henrys• Henry of Navarre

– Succeeded Henry III (last Valois)– Politique

• The Edict of Nantes– Gave Huguenots qualified

religious freedoms

• James I of England / James VI of Scotland– Divine Right of Kings– Impositions– Authorized Version of the Bible– The Gunpowder Plot

• Colonization– England - Jamestown

• John Smith• John Rolfe - Tabacco

– France • Québec

– Samuel de Champlain– “Father of New

France”• Fur Trapping• La Salle - Louisiana

– New Netherlands• Dutch West India Company• New Amsterdam

English Civil War• Charles I

– Religious conformity - England and Scotland

– Great Migration• The Short Parliament

– April-May 1640– John Pym

• The Long Parliament– Puritans– Grand Remonstrance

• English Civil War– Cavaliers– Roundheads– Turning points:

• Scottish Alliance• Rise of Oliver Cromwell

– Charles I – execution• The Commonwealth -

Puritan Republic

England/Scotland & Colonization

• James I of England / James VI of Scotland– Divine Right of Kings– Impositions– Religious Difficulties– Gunpowder Plot

• Jamestown– John Smith– John Rolfe– Tobacco

• Plymouth Colony

• Other Colonization– France

• Québec• Samuel de Champlain -

“Father of New France”• Antoine Cadillac - Detroit• La Salle - Louisiana

– New Netherlands• New Amsterdam

English Civil War

• Charles I– Forced Load– Religious conformity– Scottish Rebellion

• The Great Migration– Massachusetts Bay

Colony– Connecticut – New Haven– Maryland – Catholic

• Short and Long Parliaments– John Pym– Grand Remonstrance

• English Civil War– Cavaliers– Roundheads– Execution of Charles I

The Thirty Years War• The Defenestration of Prague

– Prague, Bohemia

• The Bohemian Phase– (1618-1625)

• The Huguenot Rebellions– Louis XIII– Cardinal Richelieu – La Rochelle

• The Danish Intervention– (1625-1629)– Christian IV of Denmark

• The Swedish Intervention– (1630-1635)– Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

• Portuguese Restoration War– 1640-1668

• The French Intervention– 1635–1648– France & Sweden vs. Spain and

Austria

• The Treaty of Westphalia– 1648– Fragmented Germany– Peace of Augsburg– Calvinism– Bavaria Elector– Brandenburg-Prussia– Swiss Confederacy and United

Provinces (Netherlands )

Philosophy & Science• Thomas Hobbes

– Absolutism– Leviathan– “State of Nature”– Social Contract

• John Locke– Critic of Absolutism– Two Treatises of Government– Natural Law / Natural Rights

• Life, Liberty, Property

– Social Contract• “Natural Philosophers” • Ptolemaic / geocentric system

– Ptolemy of Alexandria– Epicycles

• Copernicus– Heliocentric Universe– On the Revolutions of Heavenly

Spheres

• Tycho Brahe– Most accurate astronomical data

that had ever been acquired by observation with the naked eye

• Johannes Kepler– Elliptical, not circular orbits– The New Astronomy

• Galileo – Telescope– Dialogue on two chief world

systems

Philosophy & Science

• Sir Francis Bacon– Father of the Scientific

Method of research– Inductive Reasoning– Novum Organum– New Atlantis

• Rene Descartes– Discourse on Method– Deductive Reasoning

• The Royal Society of London

• Margaret Cavendish– Duchess of Newcastle– Description of a New World,

Called the Blazing World

• Sir Isaac Newton– Early Work

• Optics• Calculus• Gravity

– Principia Mathmetica • Mathematical Principles of

Natural Philosophy

England

• The Commonwealth – Puritan Republic– Oliver Cromwell

• Lord Protector

– Instrument of Government

– Jamaica – 1655– Sugar Plantations

• Slave Trade

– Navigation Acts

• Charles II– Restored:

• Monarchy• House of Lords• Anglican Church

– Religious Toleration

• The Test Act– Transubstantiation

• Carolina– Lord Proprietors

• New Amsterdam– New York

England & Netherlands

• James II– Catholicism– Declaration of Indulgence

• The Glorious Revolution– William III and Mary II

• Bill of Rights– Rulers subject to law – Govern with Parliament’s

consent

• Toleration Act of 1689– Legalized Protestantism– Roman Catholicism outlawed

• Act of Settlement of 1701– House of Hannover– “Century of strife”

• The Quaker Colonies• William III

– Stadtholder of the Netherlands

• United Provinces of the Netherlands– Urbanization– Agriculture– Shipbuilding– Empire

France & Prussia

• Cardinal Mazarin• Frondes• Louis XIV

– The Sun King

• Divine Right of Kings– Bishop Jacques-Bénigne

Bossuet

• Absolutism• Local vs. National• Palace of Versailles

• Jean Baptiste Colbert– Economic Reform– S. Domingue / Haiti

• Brandenburg-Prussia– Hohenzollerns– Frederick William

• “The Great Elector”

– Centralization• Royal Bureaucracy• Army

Late 1600s, Early 1700s• The Nine Years War

– 1688-1697– King Williams War– League of Augsburg/Grand

Alliance

• Charles II of Spain• Phillip of Anjou

– Phillip V of Spain

• War of Spanish Succession– 1701-1714– John Churchill– Queen Anne’s War– Treaty of Utrecht (1713) / Treaty

of Rastatt (1714)

• Changing Rulers– Anne of England/Great Britain

• Acts of Union - 1707

– George I of Britain– Sir Robert Walpole

• First Prime Minister

– Louis XV of France• Favorites

– Madame de Pompadour

– Pragmatic Sanction• Charles VI• Maria Theresa

– Frederick I of Prussia• First King

– Frederick William I of Prussia• Military Expansion

Late 1600s, Early 1700s

• Peter I (The Great) of Russia– The Grand Embassy– Westernization– Table of Ranks– The Holy Synod– New Military– Azov

• The Great Northern War– (1700-1721)– Battle of Poltava

• The War of Jenkins’ Ear– British Smuggling– Robert Jenkins

• War of Austrian Succession– Maria Theresa of Austria– Frederick II of Russia– King George’s War– Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle

• Diplomatic Revolution– Convention of Westminster– Bourbons & Hapsburgs