Aim: How were Classical Civilizations influenced by their geography?

Aim: How were Classical Civilizations influenced by their geography?Reviewing Global History and Geography- Unit 1 Section 21HRAS Lesson 5Key People and VocabularyMandate of HeavenFeudalismQinHan DynastyMaurya DynastyBureaucracy AsokaPolisAristocracyDirect DemocracyHellenisticRepublicSenatePatriciansPlebeiansPax RomanaLaw of the 12 TablesAqueductsSilk Road

China (c. 1027 B.C. A.D. 220)China was isolated from other civilizations High Mountains in the West and SouthwestGobi Desert to the NorthPacific Ocean to the EastGreat Land Distance separated the Chinese from the Egyptians, the Middle East, and IndiaZhou Dynasty (1027 BC 221 BC)Dynasty which lasted 800 years after overthrowing the Shang Dynasty.The Zhou rulers told the Chinese people that the God and Goddesses put them in power.They claimed a Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven was a divine right to rule.The mandate will be claimed by ALL dynasties to come.The Chinese developed the dynastic cycle to explain the rise and fall of dynasties.The Dynasty CycleNew Dynasty

Brings PeaceBuilds Roads and CanalsGives Land to the PeasantsProtects the peopleNew Dynasty becomesOld Dynasty

Taxes people too muchStops protecting peopleLets roads and canals fall apartTreats people unfairlyOld Dynasty losesMandate of HeavenProblems

Floods, earthquakes, Peasant revoltsInvaders attackingBandits attack provincesNew Dynasty claims Mandate of HeavenHRAS Lesson 55Characteristics of the ZhouA Feudal Government- Under this system local Lords controlled their own lands but owed military service to the ruler. Over time, feudal lords held the real power.Economy- The Chinese were the first to use money. Trade expanded with the development of new roads and canals built by feudal lords.The Zhous were the first to develop books, they studied the planets, developed an accurate calendar, and they were the first to discover how to make silk.Qin Dynasty (221 BC 206 BC)The leader of Qin people claimed a Mandate of Heaven and overthrew the Zhou Dynasty. The leader named himself Shi Huangdi or First Emperor?He abolished feudalism and divided China by military district.He created national coinsHe promoted uniformity in Chinese writingHe repaired roads and canalsThe greatest project undertook by Shi Huangdi was the building of the Great Wall of China

Built to keep invaders out4,160 miles longLargest structure ever built by manOver 2 to 3 million Chinese died building this wall which took centuries to completeMajor tourist attraction for China. Millions of people visit different parts of the wall each year.HRAS Lesson 58

HRAS Lesson 59

HRAS Lesson 510

HRAS Lesson 511The Han Dynasty (206 BC 220) Lasted for over 400 years after being started by a peasant leader named Liu Bang. He took the name Gao Zu after overthrowing the Qin Dynasty after Shi Huangdi died.In 141 BC the Chinese developed the Civil Service System which required examinations for government jobs.Women could not take these examinations because they were considered inferior to men.Were the first to make paper from wood, invented the wheelbarrow and the fishing reel. They were the first to use anesthesia. Jade became very popular with craftspeople.Confucius taught:People are naturally good.Education should be the road to advancement in society.To ensure social order, the individual must find and accept his or her proper place in societySuperior

Ruler, Husband, Father,Elder brotherInferior

Subject, Wife, Son,Younger brotherTakes care of and sets good examples for Owes loyalty and obedience toHRAS Lesson 513India (c. 1500 BC 185 BC)Geographic SettingPart of the Asian ContinentThe Northern plain is fertile because of the Indus and Ganges RiversThe Deccan Plateau is dry and sparsely populatedThe coastal plains along the east and west coasts is flat and good for farming, fishing, and tradeMauryan Empire (321 BC 185 BC)The first united Indian EmpireA well organized and strong government. Set up a huge Bureaucracy which is a system of managing a government with many different departments run by appointed officials.Formed a secret police which treated the people harshly.Contributions of the Mauryan Empire include schools (with a high value placed on learning), libraries, and the spreading of the Buddhist religion.Greece (c. 1750 BC 133 BC)Located in southeastern Europe; Greece is made up of many mountains, isolated valleys and small islands. The Greeks became excellent sea traders but had trouble uniting because of their geography.The Greeks formed many city-states known as PolisThe Greeks tried many forms of government including Aristocracy or a government ruled by landholding elites, as well as Direct Democracy is when a large number of male citizens took direct part in running the government on a daily basisThe two most famous cities were Athens and Sparta Democracy Laws made by the assembly Only male citizens served the assembly Traded with other city-states Education for boys Women were inferior

Shared language Shared heroes Olympic games Same Gods and religious beliefs Monarchy with two kings Military society Trade and travel not allowed Military training for all boys Girls trained to be mothers of soldiers Women must obey men, could own property17HRAS Lesson 5Alexander the GreatHellenistic Age- Alexander the Great built an empire that included the Nile Valley, Persia, and parts of India. These conquests blended Greek culture with all of the other cultures formed the Hellenistic Age. Contributions:Philosophy- Lovers of WisdomLiterature- Greek plays based on the Gods and GoddessesArts and Architecture- Painting and statues were lifelike. The building of the ParthenonScience- Discovered that the earth rotates on its axis and moves around the sun. Mathematics- Developed the basis for geometry

Alexander the Great 356 BC 323 BCHRAS Lesson 519

The ParthenonHRAS Lesson 520

The Temple of Olympian Zeus in AthensHRAS Lesson 521

Theatre of Herodes Atticus in AthensHRAS Lesson 522The Greek PhilosophersSocratesPlatoAristotleDeveloped Socratic method which is the learning about beliefs and ideas by asking questionsBelieved government should control the lives of peopleBelieved one strong and good leader should ruleGovernment put him to deathDivided society into three classes; workers, philosophers, and soldiersBelieved people learned through reason

Aristotle 384 BC 322 BCPlato and AristotleHRAS Lesson 524Rome (c. 509 BC AD 476)Located in Italy, with few natural barriers allowed the Romans to united easily.The Romans established the first Republic which is a government chosen to rule by the people.The most powerful governing body was the Senate. Senators were from the upper class landholders called the Patricians.The Plebeians who were the farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders were most of the population and had little power.Men held the power over their wives and families. The Roman EmpireBy 270 BC, Rome conquered all of Italy, Carthage, Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Asia Minor. In 48 BC, Julius Caesar came to power. After he was murdered Octavian (later known as Augustus) came to power.Beginning with Augustus, a 200 year peace was established known as Pax Romana (Roman Peace).During this time, the Roman Empire expanded further through Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia Roman ContributionsLaw- Established the basic principles including equality under the law, right of the accused to faced those making charges against them, and the right to a defense. They also established the right of innocence until proven guilty. In 450 BC, the laws were written down and became known as the Laws of the Twelve Tables.Art and Architecture- The Romans borrowed Greek ideas. Improved the arch and dome concepts.Engineering- Built roads, bridges, harbors, and Aqueducts which carried water.