Reviewing some of Reviewing some of the the concepts concepts covered in class covered in class

this yearthis year

The Nature of Science

____ 1. Suggested explanation for an observation____ 1. Suggested explanation for an observation a. independent a. independent variable variable

____ 2. Organized procedure that involves making____ 2. Organized procedure that involves making b. creativeb. creative measurements and observations.measurements and observations.

____ 3. Factor in an experiment that can be____ 3. Factor in an experiment that can be c. observationsc. observations manipulated by the experimenter.manipulated by the experimenter.

____ 4. Factor in an experiment that can change if____ 4. Factor in an experiment that can change if d. dependent d. dependent variablevariable other factors are changed.other factors are changed.

____ 5. After careful observation and applying____ 5. After careful observation and applying e. tentative ore. tentative or background knowledge, ______ are background knowledge, ______ are changeable changeable

formed by the observer.formed by the observer.____ 6. Standard for comparison that shows the____ 6. Standard for comparison that shows the f. experimentf. experiment

results of an experiment are actually dueresults of an experiment are actually due to the conditions being tested.to the conditions being tested.

____ 7. These are built on facts, and give the best ____ 7. These are built on facts, and give the best g. hypothesisg. hypothesis explanation for a related group of facts.explanation for a related group of facts.

____ 8. Scientists must be ______ in order to ____ 8. Scientists must be ______ in order to h. inferencesh. inferences present new ideas and possibilities.present new ideas and possibilities.____ 9. Because of new technology and new____ 9. Because of new technology and new interpretations of data, science is ____.interpretations of data, science is ____. i. controli. control____ 10. Making good _____ is key when____ 10. Making good _____ is key when performing experiments. performing experiments. j. theoriesj. theories

Source and Distribution of

Energy on Earth

1.1. The sun produces electromagnetic waves by The sun produces electromagnetic waves by converting converting hydrogen into helium. This process is called hydrogen into helium. This process is called ________.________.

2.2. Of all the energy from the sun, about ____% is Of all the energy from the sun, about ____% is reflected reflected back into space and _____% is absorbed by the back into space and _____% is absorbed by the earth.earth.

3.3. Trace the steps involved in changing light energy from Trace the steps involved in changing light energy from the the sun into chemical energy in fossil fuels.sun into chemical energy in fossil fuels.

4.4. What happens to about one-half of the energy that What happens to about one-half of the energy that the the earth absorbs?earth absorbs?

5.5. Name two greenhouse gases.Name two greenhouse gases. 6.6. What impact do these gases have on Earth’s What impact do these gases have on Earth’s

temperature?temperature? 7.7. What is the difference between climate and weather?What is the difference between climate and weather? 8.8. How does energy from the sun drive our weather?How does energy from the sun drive our weather? 9.9. The Law of Conservation states that energy cannot be The Law of Conservation states that energy cannot be

________ nor _______.________ nor _______. 10.10. Electromagnetic Waves are organized by wavelength. Electromagnetic Waves are organized by wavelength.

Complete the following:Complete the following:Radio Waves Radio Waves ______ ______ infrared infrared _______ _______ UV Rays UV Rays ______ ______ Gamma Rays Gamma Rays

Astronomy

Formation of the Universe

1. The theory that says the universe began as a small point of energy and exploded outward is called The ________ _______ ________.

2. Give two pieces of evidence that scientists use to support this theory.

Red Shift3. Explain

what thischart shows.

4. This is basedon the idea every elementhas it’s own________.

Red Shift

5. Red shift tells scientists that galaxies are moving ________ each other.

6. As light waves move towards us, spectral lines are ______ shifted.

7. As light waves move away from us, spectral lines are ________shifted.

8.8. Much of what we have learned about the Much of what we have learned about the universe has come from the universe has come from the _________ _________ telescope. (Name of the telescope)telescope. (Name of the telescope)

9.9. Our star, the Sun, converts hydrogen into Our star, the Sun, converts hydrogen into helium in a process called _________.helium in a process called _________.

10. A prominence is a solar feature coming off the 10. A prominence is a solar feature coming off the surface of the Sun. Draw a picture that shows surface of the Sun. Draw a picture that shows what a prominence looks like.what a prominence looks like.

Life Cycle of StarsLife Cycle of Stars

1.1. What will an average sized star like our Sun What will an average sized star like our Sun eventually become?eventually become?

2.2. What is Planetary or Stellar nebula What is Planetary or Stellar nebula composed of?composed of?

3.3. What do the most massive of all stars What do the most massive of all stars eventually become?eventually become?

Study the Study the diagramdiagram

4.4. What does this diagram What does this diagram show?show?

5.5. Heavier elements are Heavier elements are formed in what size stars?formed in what size stars?

6.6. How do these elements How do these elements found in stars become found in stars become scattered throughout the scattered throughout the universe?universe?

7.7. Where did the heavy Where did the heavy elements found on Earth elements found on Earth come from?come from?

neon

silicon

oxygen

8.8. What is the most What is the most common element in common element in the universe?the universe?

9.9. Name the first Name the first element produced element produced from the fusing of from the fusing of hydrogen atoms.hydrogen atoms.

10.10. What evidence is What evidence is there today that there today that heavy elements are heavy elements are still being formed in still being formed in massive stars?massive stars?

Plate Tectonics

1.1. Who developed the Theory of Who developed the Theory of Continental Drift?Continental Drift?

2.2. Describe the Theory of Continental Describe the Theory of Continental Drift.Drift.

3.3. Why was this theory not accepted Why was this theory not accepted in the beginning?in the beginning?

4.4. Two theories, Continental Drift and Two theories, Continental Drift and Seafloor Spreading, combine to Seafloor Spreading, combine to form the Theory of _______ ________.form the Theory of _______ ________.

Matching:Matching:

5. _____5. _____TransformTransform

BoundaryBoundary

6. _____ Divergent6. _____ Divergent

BoundaryBoundary

7. ____ Convergent7. ____ Convergent

BoundaryBoundary

A

B

C

8.8. How do scientists know where plate How do scientists know where plate boundaries are located?boundaries are located?

9.9. What does the followingWhat does the following

diagram show?diagram show?

10. Describe the force that10. Describe the force that

drives convectiondrives convection

currents.currents.

Atmosphere

1. Explain how carbon goes 1. Explain how carbon goes

from the atmosphere and from the atmosphere and

into a plant.into a plant.

2. Explain the following diagram.2. Explain the following diagram.carbon

carbon

3. Ozone is found in the 3. Ozone is found in the stratosphere and protects us stratosphere and protects us from ____.from ____.

4. In what layer of the 4. In what layer of the atmosphere does weather atmosphere does weather occur?occur?

5. Name the main gas responsible 5. Name the main gas responsible for the Greenhouse effect.for the Greenhouse effect.

6. If energy from the sun can 6. If energy from the sun can penetrate the atmosphere, why penetrate the atmosphere, why can’t it leave the same way?can’t it leave the same way?

7. During the summer time, why 7. During the summer time, why are temperatures at the poles are temperatures at the poles cooler than those at the cooler than those at the equator?equator?

8. El Niño is ultimately caused by 8. El Niño is ultimately caused by ____.____.

9. Convection currents are 9. Convection currents are caused by a difference in ____.caused by a difference in ____.

10. What is the cause of coriolis?10. What is the cause of coriolis?

Hydrosphere

1. What drives/powers the water 1. What drives/powers the water cycle?cycle?

2. What is occurring at stages 2 2. What is occurring at stages 2 and 3?and 3?

3. This map shows (density, 3. This map shows (density, surface) currents. (choose one)surface) currents. (choose one)

4. The trip to the sewer plant showed ____. 4. The trip to the sewer plant showed ____.

5. Density currents mix waters because of5. Density currents mix waters because of

A. salt accumulation B. colder A. salt accumulation B. colder temperaturestemperatures

C. coriolis effectC. coriolis effect D. Both A and B D. Both A and B

6. Name two of the four reservoirs on Earth 6. Name two of the four reservoirs on Earth that contain fresh water.that contain fresh water.

7. Besides sodium chloride, name an element 7. Besides sodium chloride, name an element makes up the salinity of ocean water.makes up the salinity of ocean water.

8. What does the following diagram 8. What does the following diagram show?show?

9. This angler fish would be a part 9. This angler fish would be a part ofof which zone: (nekton, benthos) which zone: (nekton, benthos)

10. Name one reason sea levels 10. Name one reason sea levels havehave changed over time?changed over time?

Environmental Affects on

Living Things

1.1. How is Earth’s atmosphere different How is Earth’s atmosphere different that those of other planets?that those of other planets?

2.2. Is there water on other planets? If Is there water on other planets? If so, which?so, which?

3.3. Name one condition that helps Name one condition that helps support life on Earth.support life on Earth.

4. Write all the letters below that show abiotic 4. Write all the letters below that show abiotic factors factors that impact the environment. that impact the environment.5. Write all the letters that show biotic factors 5. Write all the letters that show biotic factors that that impact the environment. impact the environment.

E F GH

AB C D

Energy

1.1. What does sunlight striking a asphalt What does sunlight striking a asphalt highway turn into?highway turn into?

a. lighta. light c. electricityc. electricity

b. motionb. motion d. heatd. heat

2.2. How do plants store energy during How do plants store energy during photosynthesis?photosynthesis?

a.a. In light energyIn light energy c. As radiationc. As radiation

b.b. In chemical bondsIn chemical bonds d. As motiond. As motion

3.3. Which is NOT a problem associated with Which is NOT a problem associated with the Greenhouse Effect?the Greenhouse Effect?

a. Rising sea levela. Rising sea level

b. Changes in ocean currentsb. Changes in ocean currents

c. Changes in weather patternsc. Changes in weather patterns

d. Increased skin cancerd. Increased skin cancer

4.4. The sun’s energy is captured by plants, The sun’s energy is captured by plants, used by animals and eventually returns used by animals and eventually returns to space as ___________.to space as ___________.

5.5. Name a source of greenhouse gas.Name a source of greenhouse gas.

6.6. Which of the following best Which of the following best describes this describes this statement: “By statement: “By increasing the amount of increasing the amount of greenhouse greenhouse gases, it is possible to gases, it is possible to increase the increase the greenhouse effect.”greenhouse effect.”

a. Superstitiona. Superstition b. b. HypothesisHypothesis

c. Observationc. Observation d. Fact d. Fact

7. Which heats up faster land or

water?

8. According tothis Diagram,what causes a

land breeze atnight?

9. T or F Getting enough sleep impacts your ability to think and perform effectively.

10. T or F I believe I can do well on CRT tests.