revised -edited conceptual framework

8/9/2019 REVISED -Edited Conceptual Framework

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HEALTH-RELATED CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF ELECTRONIC

GADGETS AMONG STUDENTS IN THE LABORATORY SCHOOL

OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

A Research Proposa

Prese!"e# "o

The Fac$"% o& "he Coe'e o& Me#(c(!e

U!()ers("% o& Nor"her! Ph((pp(!es

V('a! C("%* Iocos S$r

I! Par"(a F$&(+e!"

o& "he Re,$(re+e!"s &or "he De'ree

Doc"or o& Me#(c(!e

%.

Ga)e/* 0r(s"(!e 1o% D2

I!a%* Sha(+ar 0(+ P2

0a(r$pa!* Gerar# I++a!$e

Ma$rera* Mar(a V(c"or(a

Re&$er/o* 0a"r(!a Co!cesa T2

T3a4rapa5(ra* V(c"or Ma""a"h(as No(

6789


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Tae O& Co!"e!"s222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222I

The Proe+222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222228Introduction..................................................................................................................................1

Research Question........................................................................................................................3

Statement Of The Problem...........................................................................................................3

Significance Of The Study...........................................................................................................4

Scope nd !elimitation...............................................................................................................4

"iases...........................................................................................................................................#

Theoretical $rame%or&................................................................................................................#

Re'ie% Of Related (iterature......................................................................................................)

*onceptual $rame%or&..............................................................................................................11

Operational !efinition Of Terms...............................................................................................1+

,ypotheses.................................................................................................................................1+

-ethodology..............................................................................................................................13

Research !esign.....................................................................................................................13

Population nd Sample..........................................................................................................13

!ata athering Instrument.....................................................................................................13

!ata athering Procedure......................................................................................................13

/thical *onsideration.............................................................................................................13

Statistical Treatment Of !ata.................................................................................................14

Questionnaire.............................................................................................................................10


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B((o'raph%22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222266


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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

I!"ro#$c"(o!

,umans ha'e almost been on a path of progression. ,e ne'er stops until he finds

something ne% to de'elop or ne% techniues or methods to use. That is %hy %e and our society

are full of different modern technologies. -odern technology has changed our %ay of life in

many different %ays. -odern technology ha'e re'olutioni2ed and 'astly changed the %ay people

%or& li'e and play. It %ould be impossible to imagine life %ithout the comforts and ease of

these modern technological achie'ements. This scenario helps us grasp our dependence and

reliance to these modern technological mar'els.

lobally a'erage &id ages 010 spends o'er 5 6 hours a day using technology gadgets

eualling + 6 hours of music almost # hours of T7 and mo'ies three hours of internet and

'ideo games and 8ust 30 minutes of old fashioned reading.9In the Philippines about t%othirds of children o%n a mobile phone more than &ids in

ustralia and Tai%an. Personal o%nership of mobile phones among $ilipino children aged se'en

to 14 had increased dramatically to )#: as of +;1+ from the 30: recorded three years earlier.

*urrent mobile phone o%nership le'els among &ids in ustralia and Tai%an in comparison

%ere at 4+: and ++: respecti'ely.99 In +;;


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>ebcams and other internet 'ideo de'ices can help us get connected %ith family members

relati'es and friends at all times and at any 'enue. Some gadgets ha'e multipurpose use. It can

do almost any tas& at a 'ery fast speed. adgets today also mean entertainment and fun. >e can

play 'ideo games using our computers laptops tablets and other mobile de'ices. adgets ha'e

also made learning and teaching en8oyable especially those %ho are in grade school.!espite all these ad'antages %e can al%ays say that modern gadgets can ha'e 'ery

negati'e effects to us. This is especially true no%adays because a lot of children are e?tremely

e?posed in using these gadgets %ithout e'en a%are of its unnecessary effects.

One of the negati'e effects of e?cessi'e use of gadgets is obesity. !ata sho%s 1): of

children @o'er < millionA that are bet%een the ages of ) 1< years old are o'er%eight or obese a

number that has tripled since 1


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glance but the ris& of obesity de'elopmental delay sleep depri'ation an?iety depression

aggression unsociability attention deficit and lo% grades should be ta&en into an account %hen

allo%ing &ids using a gadget. (ong term usage of technology for these reasons can be

problematic to say the least.9 lthough media is raising the issue of ad'erse effects of gadget usage still there are no

substantial efforts regarding the proper usage of gadgets.This study aims to e'aluate health conditions associated %ith electronic gadgets use

among students for them to modify their usage of gadgets and to lessen the health conditions

associated %ith it.

Research :$es"(o!

>hat are the healthrelated conditions associated %ith the use of electronic gadgets

among pupils in the (aboratory School of the Dni'ersity of Borthern Philippines.

S"a"e+e!" o& "he Proe+

This study aims to determine the healthrelated conditions associated %ith electronic gadgets

used by the pupils. Specifically it see&s to ans%er the follo%ing inuiriesE

1. >hat is the profile of the respondents on the use of electronic gadgets in terms ofFa. ge at the start of using the gadgets

b. (ength of time using the gadgets per day

c. Type or &ind of electronic gadget usedd. Type or application being used

+. >hat are the purposes of the respondents in using the gadgetsF

3. >hat are the healthrelated conditions associated %ith the use of electronic

gadgets in terms ofF

a. 7isionb. Butritional Status

c. ,earing

d. ro%th


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4. Is there a significant relationship bet%een respondentGs profile on the use of

gadgets and the healthrelated conditions associated %ith the use of gadgets

S('!(&(ca!ce o& "he s"$#%

Results of this study %ill help the students to be a%are of the healthrelated conditions

associated %ith e?cessi'e use of gadgets that %ould help them ma&e actions in minimi2ing its

negati'e effects. This study %ould also benefit the parents in guiding their children in the proper

usage of these gadgets. (astly it %ill help the community especially 7igan *ity %hich is &no%n

as a *hild$riendly *ity in promoting its ad'ocacy by conducting seminars in coordination %ith

the Philippine Pediatric Society based on its results.

Scope a!# De(+("a"(o!

This study %ill focus on determining the healthrelated conditions along 'ision

nutritional status hearing and gro%th associated %ith the use of electronic gadgets among

selected pupils. The sub8ects of this study are the grades 7 and 7I pupils of the (aboratory

School of Dni'ersity of Borthern Philippines.

The study %ill be conducted from !ecember +;14 to -arch +;1#. The sur'ey

uestionnaire to be used %ill be adopted from a study of -uduli H.R.

B(ases

"iases that can happenE


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1. Oser)a"(o!B(as people %ho are part of a study are usually a%are of their

in'ol'ement hence they may gi'e more fa'orable responses or perform better than

people %ho are una%are of the studyGs intent

+. Reca or Me+or% B(as if outcomes being measured reuire sub8ects to recall past

e'ents

Theore"(ca Fra+e5or4

Soc(a Lear!(!' Theor%

In social learning theory lbert "andura @1


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Re)(e5 o& Rea"e# L("era"$re

Dse of e'ery type of media has increased o'er the past 1; years %ith the e?ception of

reading. In 8ust the past fi'e years the increases range from +4 minutes a day for 'ideo games to

+5 minutes a day for computers 30 minutes for T7 content and 45 minutes a day for music and

other audio. !uring this same period time spent reading %ent from 43 to 30 minutes a day not a

statistically significant change.9The ustralian *ommunications and -edia uthority reported that in +;;5 children

%ere spending on a'erage close to fi'e hours a day %ith technology a figure %hich has li&ely

increased %ith the proliferation of mediaenabled smart phones and other electronic de'ices. In

fact in pril +;1+ the ustralian "ureau of Statistics reported that nearly a third of all #14 year

old children had their o%n mobile phones. >ith the increased sedentary time children are

spending %ith technology and reduced time in outdoor play lin&s are being dra%n bet%een

o'eruse of technology and a delay in childrenGs achie'ement of sensory and motor milestones9

and reduced academic performance. The types of interactions children are ha'ing %ith

technology are also of concern. /?posure to 'iolent content during gaming has been correlated

%ith aggression and desensiti2ation to 'iolence %hich is of particular concern gi'en the

e'idence that gaming can be 'ery addicti'e.On Vision

The human eye is not adapted for staring at a single point in space for hours on end. If

you log significant time in front of a computer monitor youC'e probably e?perienced computer

'ision syndromeE eyestrain tired eyes irritation redness blurred 'ision and double 'ision.

(uc&ily this isnCt a permanent condition.


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J>ith all the gadgets &ids use these days %hat %e noticed no% is that more and more

children ha'e dry eyesK%hich %as unheard of beforeL said !r. Pi& Sha *hanDy an

opthalmologist speciali2ing in cataract retina strabismus childrenCs eye diseases and laser

surgery. JThey get red eyes blin& a lot or get teary eyed... Out of 1; &id patients I get aged 3

and abo'e about half of them ha'e dry eyesL !r. *hanDy added. Dsing electronic gadgets for a

long time can dry the cornea %hich is in the front part of the eye. If this gets dry it can be

irritating. person can e?perience lots of discomfort similar to the sensation of ha'ing

Jpu%ingL !r. *hanDy told - Be%s Online during the launch of Pacific /ye and (aser

Institute in -a&ati on >ednesday.

On Nutrition

In the last forty years the percentage of merican children %ho are defined as

o'er%eight has more than doubled. s a result childhood obesity has become a national

epidemic %ith the *!* noting that about 1#: of children and adolescents are no% o'er%eight.

M"asically the more T7 you %atch the hea'ier you areM Hason -endo2a -! -P,

tells >eb-!. Bo%adays screen time isnCt limited to tele'isionN %e may spend as much or more

time using a computer for %or& or school. Then for recreation instead of going outside to shoot

some hoops %e play 'ideo games. >hen -endo2a assistant professor of pediatrics at "aylor

*ollege of -edicine compared the body %eights of preschoolers %ho used computers and those

%ho didnCt he found the computerusing &ids %ere tubbier. -ore than t%o hours a day par&ed in

front of any &ind of screen seems to be the tipping point he says.

Too much screen time can promote a sedentary lifestyle one of the ma8or contributing

factors to obesity and a ma8or ris& factor for heart disease according to the Te?as ,eart Institute.


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s many as 33 percent of teens are obese according to estimates by the merican cademy of

*hild and dolescent Psychiatry published by the Te?as ,eart Institute. Obese teens are more

li&ely to gro% up to become obese adults gi'ing them an increased ris& for chronic health

conditions including heart disease diabetes and arthritis. Trading e'en 8ust 3; minutes of

electronics time per day for physical acti'ity can help significantly reduce these ris&s.

T7 and 'ideo game use correlates %ith increased obesity. *hildren %ho are allo%ed a

de'ice in their bedrooms ha'e 3;: increased incidence of obesity. One in four *anadian and

one in three DS children are obese. 3;: of children %ith obesity %ill de'elop diabetes and

obese indi'iduals are at higher ris& for early stro&e and heart attac& gra'ely shortening life

e?pectancy. (argely due to obesity +1st century children may be the first generation many of

%hom %ill not outli'e their parents.

Tele'isions iPads and computers in bedrooms may be contributing to the obesity

epidemic because rooms are not dar& enough for the metabolism to %or& properly scientists

ha'e suggested.

Sleepers need pitchblac& conditions for the body to produce the healthy le'el of

hormones that is needed to regulate ho% the body con'erts food and drin& into energy the study

says. "ut ambient light from screens and e'en street lighting creeping under curtains and blinds

can harm the production of melatonin and stop the body processing food efficiently.

On Hearing

!ata implies that about 5+: of the respondents %ho are using ear phone or head sets for

more than ) hours per day are ha'ing significant hearing problem. It is #4: for the users of 4)


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hours 13: in case of the users of +4 hours and for users using the same for 1+ hours it is only

1+: It signifies that the higher the degree of the use of the ear phones the higher the hearing

problems of the students.

>hile OS, %arns employers to limit %or&ersC e?posure to noise le'els abo'e 0#

decibels Bo'a& says people commonly listen to music through headphones at 0# to 11;

decibels. MItCs not 8ust the le'el of the noise itCs the durationM he points out. Our ears can reco'er

from a siren screeching past but e?posure to loud noise for hours e'ery day can permanently

destroy cells in the inner ear.

One in 'e teenagers in merica canGt hear rustles or %hispers according to a study

published in ugust in The Hournal of the merican -edical ssociation. These teenagers

e?hibit %hatGs &no%n as slight hearing loss %hich means they often canGt ma&e out consonants

li&e TGs or Gs or the plin&ing of raindrops. n audiologist at >ichita State Dni'ersity%ho

pulled earbuds off students to find out ho% loud their music %as disco'ered that most students

%ere listening to music at 11;1+; decibels %ell o'er the recommended 'olume. t that le'el

loud noise can cause permanent hearing loss after 8ust an hour and 1# minutes.The number of

teenagers %ith hearing loss K from slight to se'ere K has 8umped 33 percent since 1


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On Growth

Technology use restricts mo'ement %hich can result in delayed de'elopment. One in

three children no% enter school de'elopmentally delayed negati'ely impacting literacy and

academic achie'ement. -o'ement enhances attention and learning ability. Dse of technology

under the age of 1+ years is detrimental to child de'elopment and learning.

"ecause of all this negati'e and positi'e effects The merican cademy of Pediatrics

The >hite ,ouse Tas& $orce on *hildhood Obesity and others recommend discouraging any

screen time for children under the age of t%o and less than t%o hours a day of educational

programming for older children.*hildren in'ol'ed in the %or& of play do not reuire e?pensi'e toys and gadgets to &eep

them entertained but often en8oy playing %ith common household items such as broom handle or

e'en items that adults consider 8un& @bo?es stic&s roc&s and dirtA. Parents and other caregi'ers

should super'ise the selection of programs %atch and discuss programs %ith their children

schedule limited time for tele'ision 'ie%ing and set a good e?ample tele'ision 'ie%ing.

Prolonged tele'ision 'ie%ing in young children has been lin&ed an increase in psychological

distress and decreased time spent in acti'e playing %hich increases the ris& for obesity among

certain children.9

o'ernment recommendations in relation to physical acti'ity suggests that children

should be in'ol'ed in physical acti'ity for at least an hour a day and that sedentary acti'ities and

time spent sitting should be minimi2ed. >hilst these recommendations are primarily aimed at

impro'ing the current and future health of children this study reminds us of the social benefits of

promoting physical acti'ity %ith children. Playing using gadgets and technology may fail to meet


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cogniti'e and social de'elopmental needs %hich can be achie'ed through outdoor physical

acti'ity.9

Co!cep"$a Fra+e5or4

IB!/P/B!/BT 7RI"(/S !/P/B!/BT 7RI"(/S

F('$re 82 Research Para#('+

The research paradigm sho%s the respondentGs profile as to their sociodemographic

factors %hich include age se? place of residence height and %eight. It also sho%s the health

related conditions associated %ith the use of electronic in terms of 'ision nutritional status

hearing and gro%th.

The figure consists of t%o bo?es and an arro%. The bo? in the left portion contains the

respondentGs sociodemographic profile %hich is our independent 'ariables. The bo? in the right

portion consists of the health related conditions associated %ith the use of electronic gadgets in

terms of 'ision nutritional status hearing and gro%th.

Opera"(o!a De&(!("(o! o& Ter+s

. Oes("%-

". Hear(!' Proe+s- This pertains to conditions that affect the ears such as tinnitus

dullness hearing loss and ear pain.

*. V(s(o! Proe+s- This refers to conditions that can lead to astigmatism color blindness

eye dryness and pain and 'isual loss.

!. Gro5"h Re"ar#a"(o! ;

$actors on the use of electronic gadgetsE

a. ge at the start of using the gadgets

b. (ength of time using the gadgets

per dayc. Type or &ind of electronic gadgets

usedd. Type or application being used

,ealthrelated conditions associated

%ith the use of electronic gadgetsin terms ofE

a. 7isionb. Butritional Status

c. ,earingd. ro%th


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H%po"heses

There is no significant relationship bet%een the e?posure to electronic gadgets and effects

on 'ision nutritional status hearing and gro%th.

Me"ho#oo'%

Research Des('!2The study %ill utili2e a !escripti'e *orrelational research design %ith the use

of uestionnaire chec&list coupled %ith inter'ie% to gather rele'ant data needed to attain the

ob8ecti'es.. The responses of the respondents %ill be analy2ed interpreted and summari2ed.

Pop$a"(o! a!# Sa+pe2 total enumeration %ill be applied. This %ill be conducted in the

(aboratory School of the Dni'ersity of Borthern Philippines. The respondents of the study %ill

be the rades 7 and 7I pupils..

Da"a Ga"her(!' I!s"r$+e!"2 The primary tool used by the researchers in obtainingthe data %ill

be a uestionnaire adopted from published research study of -uduli H.R. and %ere modified to

suit the purpose of the study and in 7igan setting.

Da"a Ga"her(!' Proce#$re2 letter %ill be for%arded to the (aboratory school principal !r.

urelia T. 7itamog for the permission to gather data and a letter of consent for the parents of the

respondents. The researchers %ill float the uestionnaires to the respondents and some %ill be

inter'ie%ed. On the same day the researchers %ill also e'aluate health related conditions

specifically for 'ision nutritional status hearing and gro%th retardation related to the usage of

electronic gadgets. 7ision condition %ill be assessed using Snellen chart nutritional status %ill

be determined through the use of "ody mass inde? hearing %ill be assess using @ tuning for&A

and lastly the gro%th condition %ill be e'aluated %ith the use of 2chart.

E"h(ca Co!s(#era"(o!2 This study %ill focus on the a%areness of parents on the effects of

electronic gadgets use among the students of the (aboratory School Dni'ersity of Borthern


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Philippines. !ata %ill be gathered through sur'ey uestionnare and inter'ie% %herein personal

data insights and perception %ill be assessed. The follo%ing ethical principles %ill be applied

and used in this studyE

Respec" &or Perso! . Informed *onsent

-aintenance of Pri'acy and *onfidentiality

A$"o!o+%. Respondents %ill ans%er the sur'ey uestionnare and inter'ie%

independently.

S"a"(s"(ca Trea"+e!" o& Da"a

Tae 82 Pro&(e o& "he Respo!#e!"s (! Ter+s o& "he Var(ae A'e a" "he S"ar" o& Us(!' "heGa#'e"s

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Tae 62 Pro&(e o& "he Respo!#e!"s (! Ter+s o& "he Var(ae T%pe o& Eec"ro!(c Ga#'e"s

Use# % Le!'"h o& T(+e Us(!' "he Ga#'e" per Da%

Ga#'e"s = hrs To"a

! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ?

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17/24

Tae @2 Pro&(e o& "he Respo!#e!"s (! Ter+s o& "he Var(ae T%pe or App4(ca"(o! e(!'

Use#

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ames

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To"a

Tae 92 Fre,$e!c% o& E%e Proe+s Assoc(a"e# 5("h "he Use o& Eec"ro!(c Ga#'e"s

E%e Proe+s ! Perce!"

Pain

Strain

Redness

!ryness

7isual loss

To"a

Tae 2 Pro&(e o& "he Respo!#e!"s (! Ter+s o& "he Var(ae N$"r("(o!a S"a"$s Assoc(a"e#

5("h "he Use o& Eec"ro!(c Ga#'e"s

BMI ! Perce!"

Obese @"-I + S!A

O'er%eight @"-I 1 S!A

Dnder%eight @"-I U+ S!A

To"a

Tae =2 Fre,$e!c% o& Ear Proe+s Assoc(a"e# 5("h "he Use o& Eec"ro!(c Ga#'e"s

Ear Proe+s ! Perce!"

Pain

Tinnitus

!ullness

,earing loss!ifficulty


18/24

To"a

Tae 2 Pro&(e o& "he Respo!#e!"s (! Ter+s o& "he Var(ae Gro5"h De)eop+e!"

Assoc(a"e# 5("h "he Use o& Eec"ro!(c Ga#'e"s

Tae 2 S$++ar% o& "he Hea"h-rea"e# Co!#("(o!s Assoc(a"e# 5("h "he Use o& Eec"ro!(c

Ga#'e"s

Hea"h-rea"e# Co!#("(o!s Mea! DR

1. 7ision

+. Butrition

3. ,earing

4. ro%th

To"a

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o& Eec"ro!(c Ga#'e"s a!# "he Hea"h-rea"e# Co!#("(o!s

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19/24

o&

app(c

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$se#

T(+e Tae

Ac"()("(esMo!"h

No) Dec 1a! Fe Mar Apr Ma%

cceptance of research proposal

!e'elopment of research tools

Pretesting of uestionnaire

!istribution of letters to school

authorities

i'e uestionnaires

!ata entry and analysis

Thesis report %riting

Re'ise final paper

Proof final paper

Submit final paper

B$#'e" Proposa

Questionnaire Printing #;;.;;

$ood @membersA 1;;;.;;

$ood @respondentsA +;;;

To"a @*77277


20/24

:$es"(o!!a(re

I2 Respo!#e!"s Pro&(e

Name __________________________________Age _______ Sex ________ Grade Level

___________

Height ____________ Weight _________

Direction !"t a chec# on the $ox %rovided $e&ore &or 'o"r corre(%onding an()er*(.

+. What i(*are the electronic gadget*( 'o" are "(ing,-ell%hone %/*0%odLa%to%*com%"ter 1elevi(ion0%ad*ta$let Game con(ole( 2%la'(tation3 4$ox3 Nintendo3

!S!5other( 2(%eci&'5 ______________

6. What age did 'o" (tart "(ing the gadget, _______________/. Ho) man' ho"r( 2%er da'5 do 'o" "(e the(e gadget(, ______________7. Ho) did 'o" (tart to "(ing the(e,

Sel& 8ta"ght* 9x%loring

:$(erving %arent(

!arent enco"ragement

!eer enco"ragement

:ther( 2(%eci&'5 _____________

;. Where do 'o" get acce(( the(e modern gadget(,HomeSchoolNeigh$orhood-om%"ter (ho%* 0nternet -a&e:ther( 2(%eci&'5 _____________


21/24

Game("(ic>ro)(ing?ace$oo#3 1)itter3 0n(tagram3 !ath3 @i$er3 Line-amera

1exting and calling

:ther( 2(%eci&'5 _____________. Are 'o" a$le to "(e the(e modern gadget( )henever 'o" )ant to,

=e(No

B. What are 'o"r rea(on( in "(ing the(e gadget(,9ntertainment:$(ervation &rom %arent(*other ad"lt(-omm"nication9d"cational Ce(earch:ther( 2(%eci&'5 ____________

II. Health Status

A. N"tritional Stat"(

Height 2cm5 ________________ Weight 2#g5 ________________

>0 ___________

>. @i(ion+. Do 'o" ex%erience an' o& the &ollo)ing )henever 'o" "(e the(e gadget(,

=e( No

9'e %ain9'e (train9'e redne((9'e dr'ne((@i("al lo((

Snellen -hart _________

/. Hearing+. Do 'o" ex%erience an' o& the &ollo)ing,

=e( No

9ar %ain1innit"( 2$"ing (o"nd5?eeling o& d"llne((Hearing lo((*diEc"lt'

We$erF( 1e(t _______ChinneF( 1e(t _______

7. Gro)thHeight ________ Age _________


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chart _________


23/24

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9"elton T. @+;;1A Tele'ision and imaginationE n in'estigation of the mediumCs influence on

childrenCs storyma&ingGMedia, Culture and Society +3@)A 5


24/24

9Ro%an *. @+;1;A. Dnplug!onGt !rugE *ritical (oo& at the Influence of Technology on

*hild "eha'iour %ith an lternati'e >ay of Responding Other than /'aluation and !rugging.

"thical Human Psycholoy + Psychiatry 1+@1A );.

9Ro%an *. @+;14A.is- !s& .enefit / Technoloy use 'y youn children VoneGin 'ie%ed Huly

+5 +;14 U httpE%%%.2onein%or&shops.comris&'sbenefittechnologyusebyyoung

children.html.

9ISalamon -aureen. oung Parents !onCt Stress O'er idsC -edia Dse. Sur'ey. Hune 4 +;14.

9Stone "rad. Be% or& Times. +;1;.

9J7al&enburg P.-. Children0s esponses to the Screen: $ media psycholoical approach.

(ondonE (a%rence /rlbaum ssociates +;;4.

revised -edited conceptual framework

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