revising the standard occupational classification system
TRANSCRIPT
Revising the StandardOccupational Classification SystemU.S. Department of LaborAlexis M. Herman, Secretary
Bureau of Labor StatisticsKatharine G. Abraham, Commissioner
June 1999
Report 929
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Concerns about the quality of the U.S. workforce, skills train-ing issues, and changes in occupational structures due to newtechnology, competitive economic pressures, and shifts toforms of βhigh performanceβ work organizations, have fo-cused attention on the quality of occupational information andstatistics. Current occupational data and their underlying clas-sification structures were criticized as being fragmented, in-compatible, outdated, and lacking information on skills. Manyusers and producers of occupational data believed that it wastime to revise the U.S. Standard Occupational Classification(SOC) system to a unified classification structure.
In 1994, the Office of Management and Budget establisheda Standard Occupational Classification Revision Policy Com-mittee (SOC Committee) to develop a unified classificationstructure that would meet the needs of the 21st century. TheCommittee was chaired by the Bureau of Labor Statistics andthe Bureau of Census, with representatives from the Bureau ofLabor Statistics, the Bureau of Census, the Employment andTraining Administration (Department of Labor), the Office ofPersonnel Management, the Defense Manpower Data Center,
Preface
and ex officio the National Science Foundation, the NationalOccupational Information Coordinating Committee, and theOffice of Management and Budget.
This report is based on an article which appeared in theMay 1999 Monthly Labor Review written by Chester Levine,manager of occupational outlook studies in the Division ofOccupational Outlook, Bureau of Labor Statistics and Chairof the Construction, Extraction, Agricultural, and Transpor-tation Occupations Work Group of the SOC Committee;Laurie Salmon, an economist in the Division of Occupationaland Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics anda member of the SOC Committee Secretariat; and Daniel H.Weinberg, Chief of the Division of Housing and HouseholdEconomic Statistics, Bureau of the Census and Chair of theSOC Committee.
Material in this publication is in the public domain and,with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permis-sion. This information will be made available to sensory im-paired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 606β7828; Federal Relay Service: 1β800 877β8339.
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Contents
Page
The SIC revision process .................................................................................................................................................... 1Occupational classification history ..................................................................................................................................... 1The SOC revision process .................................................................................................................................................. 2Purpose: a standardized system .......................................................................................................................................... 3
Bureau of Labor Statistics .............................................................................................................................................. 3Bureau of the Census ...................................................................................................................................................... 3Employment and Training Administration ..................................................................................................................... 3Other agencies ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Key characteristics .............................................................................................................................................................. 3Structured for comparability ..................................................................................................................................... 3Reflects structure of current workforce ..................................................................................................................... 4Greater flexibility ...................................................................................................................................................... 5Comprehensive coverage .......................................................................................................................................... 5Associated job titles .................................................................................................................................................. 5Occupational definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 5Military occupations ................................................................................................................................................. 5Historical comparability ............................................................................................................................................ 5Flexibility for change ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Implementation of the 1998 SOC ....................................................................................................................................... 6Endnotes ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7Appendix A: Occupational classification used in the 1850 Census of Population ............................................................ 8Appendix B: Final 1998 SOC occupational structure ....................................................................................................... 10
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Although occupational data has been collected in theUnited States since the 1850 Census of Population,the modern Standard Occupational Classification
(SOC) system was not introduced until 1977. The SOC is in-tended to include all occupations for which work is performedfor pay or profit. As with any new taxonomy, there were flawsand omissions in the original SOC, and the system was re-vised in 1980, in time to be used for tabulations from the 1980decennial census.
Despite plans for frequent review, it was not until the mid-1990s that the validity and usefulness of the 1980 SOC forcurrent needs was examined. To determine how accuratelythe 1980 SOC reflected the world of work 15 years later, theOffice of Management and Budget (OMB) chartered the Stan-dard Occupational Classification Revision Policy Committee(SOC Committee).
This article provides a description of the SOC revision pro-cess. For background, it begins with a brief summary of theStandard Industrial Classification (SIC) revision process andthe work of the Economic Classification Policy Committee(ECP Committee), much of which was emulated by the SOCCommittee. The article then details why the SOC was revisedand describes its key characteristics.
The SIC revision processThe ECP Committee was established by OMB in 1992 to re-examine the SIC system. At the time, the SIC had been in usefor more than 50 years. So pervasive was the system through-out U.S. industry that virtually every business establishmentin the Nation knew its SIC code. Yet, many SIC-based statis-tics were out of step with the changes that have occurred inthe U.S. economy in recent decades.
The SIC system had been introduced in the 1930s to helpclassify the growing number of new manufacturing industriesthat had developed since the early 1900s. By 1992, however,it was clear that a new classification system was needed toaccommodate newly developed industries in such areas asinformation services, health care services, and high-techmanufacturing. Further, the initiation of the North AmericanFree Trade Agreement in 1994 increased the need for compa-rable statistics from the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
The resultant system, the North American Industry Classi-fication System (NAICS), is a complete restructuring of theSIC, organized to conform to the principle of grouping estab-lishments by their production processes aloneβthat is,
NAICS is a supply-based or production-oriented classifica-tion system. By contrast, the former system used a combina-tion of supply and demand characteristics to classify indus-tries. Another advantage of NAICS is that each participatingcountry can individualize the new system to meet its ownneeds, as long as data can be aggregated to standard NAICSindustries.1
The SOC Committee identified four key steps in the ECPCommittee process that the members thought would be use-ful to emulate in the SOC revision process: 1) identificationof issues (including commissioned issue papers), 2) designa-tion of an organizing principle, 3) work by subgroups, and 4)adjudication of differences of opinion.
Occupational classification historyOccupational classification is not a new topic of governmentinterest. The published tabulations from the 1850 Census ofPopulation constitute the first de facto classification. Therewere 322 occupations listed, including such interesting jobsas daguerrotypists (photographers) and salaeratus (bakingsoda) makers. (See appendix A for a complete list of the oc-cupations used in the 1850 Census.) In early classificationsystems, too much emphasis was placed on the industry inwhich one worked. While it is true that the work setting caninfluence the job, it is the hallmark of more recent classifica-tion systems that characteristics of the work performed comesfirst.
More frequent data collection began in 1942 with themonthly labor force survey. The U.S. Employment Serviceneeded occupational statistics for its work and developed aConvertibility List of Occupations with Conversion Tables toserve as a bridge between its statistics and information fromthe 1940 Census of Population. Continued revisions to thecensus classification scheme and publication of the third edi-tion of the Department of Laborβs Dictionary of OccupationalTitles in 1965 encouraged the government to begin a thor-ough reexamination of occupational taxonomy.
Without a standard, initially comparable systems will tendto drift apart, reducing the ability of an analyst to comparesimilar data collected for different purposes. Occupationaldata from household surveys, for example, which providedemographic information, could not easily be compared withoccupational data from industry-supplied, or establishment-based surveys. Similarly, detailed job descriptions from theDictionary of Occupational Titles could not easily be linked
Revising the StandardOccupational Classification System
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to survey data. The need to devise such a standard in order tolink these different systems resulted in the 1977 SOC (revisedand reissued in 1980).
Despite agreements to maintain and update the originalSOC system, for various reasonsβthe need to maintain eachprogramβs historical continuity, a lack of Federal funding, andthe absence of a clear directive to enforce comparabilityβthe original system was not revised after 1980. Consequently,many agencies set up data collection systems with occupa-tional classification schemes that differed from the SOC. Ob-serving this problem, BLS hosted an International Occupa-tional Classification Conference to establish a context for anew SOC revision process.2 Many new ideas and approacheswere presented that influenced the SOC Committee. Similarly,the Employment and Training Administrationβs AdvisoryPanel for the Dictionary of Occupational Titles had just com-pleted a review of the dictionary and had recommended sub-stantial changes.3
Persuaded that a reconciliation was in order, OMB subse-quently invited all Federal agencies with an occupation clas-sification system to join together to revise the SOC. The SOCCommittee included representatives from BLS, the Bureau ofthe Census, the Employment and Training Administration, theDefense Manpower Data Center, and the Office of PersonnelManagement. In addition, ex-officio members included theNational Science Foundation, the National Occupational In-formation Coordinating Committee, and OMB. Other Fed-eral agencies, such as the Department of Education, the De-partment of Health and Human Services, and the EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, participated in sev-eral meetings of the SOC Committee as well, or as part of theFederal Consultation Group.
The SOC revision processOMB chartered the SOC Committee in October 1994. Shortlyafterward, the SOC Committee published a notice in the Fed-eral Register calling for comments specifically on the follow-ing: 1) the uses of occupational data, 2) the purpose and scopeof occupational classification, 3) the principles underlying the1980 SOC, 4) conceptual options for the new SOC, and 5) theSOC revision process.4
The SOC Committeeβs main concern was identifying anorganizing principle for the revised SOC, which required care-ful consideration of the conceptual options. Four options wereidentified in the notice for public comment. The first, and thebasic concept behind the 1980 SOC, was the type of workperformed. The second option was to model the new SOCafter the International Standard Classification of Occupationsin recognition of the increasing internationalization of em-ployment. The third option was to devise a βskills-based sys-tem,β following the recommendations of the Advisory Panelfor the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The fourth optionidentified, an βeconomic-based system,β echoed the choiceof the ECP Committee in their revision of the SIC system.
After the public comment period, the SOC Committee es-
tablished the following criteria to guide the revision process:
The new classification system covers all occupations inwhich work is performed for pay or profit, including workperformed in family-operated enterprises by family mem-bers who are not directly compensated. It excludes occu-pations unique to volunteers.The new system reflects the current occupational structureof the United States and has sufficient flexibility to assimi-late new occupations.Occupations are classified on the basis of work performed,and required skills, education, training, or credentials.Each occupation is assigned to only one group at the low-est level of the classification.Supervisors of professional and technical workers usuallyhave a background similar to the workers they superviseand are therefore classified with the workers they super-vise. Likewise, team leaders, lead workers, and supervi-sors of production workers who spend at least 20 percentof their time performing work similar to the workers theysupervise, are classified with the workers they supervise.Supervisors of production workers who spend less than 20percent of their time performing the same work as theworkers they supervise are classified separately.First-line supervisors/managers are generally found insmaller establishments where they perform both supervi-sory and management functions, such as accounting, mar-keting, and personnel work.Apprentices and trainees should be classified with the oc-cupations for which they are being trained, while helpersand aides should be classified separately.Some data-reporting agencies may collect and report dataat a more aggregated level, such as broad occupation, mi-nor group, or major group, when enough detail is not avail-able to classify workers into a detailed occupation.If an occupation is not included as a distinct detailed occu-pation listed in the structure, it should be classified in theappropriate residual occupation. Residual occupations areall other occupations in a major, minor, or broad groupthat are not classified separately.When workers may be classified in more than one occupa-tion, they should be classified in the occupation that re-quires the highest level of skill. If there is no measurabledifference in skill requirements, the worker is included inthe occupation in which he or she spends the most time.
The SOC Committee opted for practical approaches toclassification rather than for (perhaps more appealing) theo-retical approaches. The key classification principle chosen forthe new SOC was to continue the previous focus on workperformed (with βskills-based considerationsβ). In the SOCCommitteeβs judgment, the ability to identify and measureskills consistently had not advanced far enough.5 The Inter-national Standard Classification of Occupations was not usedbecause it was not flexible enough for U.S. needs.6 Finally,
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the SOC Committee believed that an economic-based ap-proach would not provide sufficient practical guidance toemployers or employees.7
The SOC Committee also solicited public participation inthe next part of the process, building the revised SOC. Todevelop the new system of occupations, the Committeeformed six work groupsβfive of which were based on skillsgroupings of Occupation Employment Statistics (OES) occu-pations and one of which dealt with military occupations. TheOES was used as a starting point partly because doing sowould enable some historical comparability and partly be-cause BLS was leading much of the work group efforts andthus using BLS survey data would speed the revision process.The following six work groups were formed: 1) management,administrative, and clerical; 2) natural science, law, health,education, and arts; 3) sales and service; 4) construction, ex-traction, agricultural, and transportation; 5) mechanical andproduction; and 6) military.
The work groups invited experts from many areas to tes-tify and also requested written recommendations using theSOC revision guidelines. Their procedure was to develop aproposed structure plus a title, a definition, and a list of asso-ciated job titles. Each proposed occupation was reviewed bythe SOC Committee.
Once most of the occupations were defined and accepted,another work group was formed to discuss and recommend ahierarchy, a key characteristic of the 1998 SOC. Developingthe hierarchy ultimately proved one of the more challengingaspects of the process. Perhaps more than any other part ofthe SOC revision, the hierarchy changed most from its pre-liminary stage to its final structure, as the Committee struggledto make the SOC more transparent to its users. (Appendix Blists the final 1998 SOC detailed occupations.)
In July 1997, the SOC Committee published the proposednew structure. After considering more than 200 comments, arevised structure was submitted to OMB and issued in Au-gust 1998.8 Subsequently, additional comments were re-quested by OMB and minor further changes were made.
Purpose: a standardized systemThe 1998 SOC was developed in response to a concern that theexisting SOC did not meet the need for a universal occupationalclassification system to which all Federal Government agenciesandβit was hopedβother collectors of occupational informa-tion would adhere. The following selected government agen-cies have collected and used occupational data based on uniqueoccupational classification systems that suit their needs.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Occupational EmploymentStatistics (OES) program collects employment data annuallyon nearly 800 occupations by industry based on establish-ment surveys of wage and salary workers, who account forabout 9 out of 10 workers in the Nation. The OES surveyclassifies workers according to occupational definitions, acharacteristic used for classification in 1998 SOC.
Bureau of the Census. Both the decennial Census of Popu-lation and the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) tabu-late data for about 500 occupations for each of the threeclasses of workersβwage and salary workers, the self-em-ployed, and unpaid family workers. In addition to employ-ment, these programs collect data on a number of demo-graphic characteristicsβage, sex, race, and Hispanicoriginβas well as a wide range of other characteristics, suchas educational attainment, number of hours worked, numberof job openings, and employment status. Both the decennialCensus of Population and the CPS classify workers accordingto the job titles given by the survey respondents. Classifyingworkers according to associated job titles is another charac-teristic of the 1998 SOC.
Employment and Training Administration. The Dictionaryof Occupational Titles identified and defined more than12,000 jobs. This classification system has been replaced bythe Occupational Information Network (O*NET), which ad-heres to the SOC.
Other agencies. The Department of Education collects dataon teachers, the Bureau of Health Professions gathers infor-mation on health occupations, and the National Science Foun-dation surveys focus on scientists and engineers. The Officeof Personnel Management publishes data on occupations inthe Federal Government, and the Department of Defensemaintains data on military personnel.
The existence of different occupational data collection sys-tems in the Federal Government presents a major problemβdata collected by one program often is not suitable for otheruses. Comparisons across programs are limited to the effec-tiveness and accuracy of crosswalks between different occu-pational classification systems. For example, data on educa-tional attainment collected through the CPS can only be usedwith data on employment from the OES program for occupa-tions that are considered comparable from both surveys. Uni-versal adherence to the 1998 SOC will aid analysis of educa-tional, demographic, economic, and other factors that affectemployment, wages, and other worker characteristics.
Key characteristics
Structured for comparability. The SOC is composed of fourhierarchical levels to enable data collectors to choose a levelof detail corresponding to their interests and abilities to col-lect data on different occupations. The Bureau of Labor Sta-tistics, through its establishment survey that classifies work-ers according to occupational definitions, is generally able tocollect data on more detailed occupations than is the Bureauof the Census, whose household surveys rely almost exclu-sively on job titles given by respondents to classify workers.The Bureau of Labor Statistics collects data on both heavyand light truck drivers, for example, while the Bureau of theCensus cannot differentiate between the two.
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The following list shows the 23 major occupational groupsof the revised SOC:
Management occupationsBusiness and financial operations occupationsComputer and mathematical occupationsArchitecture and engineering occupationsLife, physical, and social science occupationsCommunity and social services occupationsLegal occupationsEducation, training, and library occupationsArts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupationsHealthcare practitioners and technical occupationsHealthcare support occupationsProtective service occupationsFood preparation and serving related occupationsBuilding and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupationsPersonal care and service occupationsSales and related occupationsOffice and administrative support occupationsFarming, fishing, and forestry occupationsConstruction and extraction occupationsInstallation, maintenance, and repair occupationsProduction occupationsTransportation and material moving occupationsMilitary specific occupations
These major groups include 98 minor groups, 452 broadoccupations, and 822 detailed occupations.9 (See appendixB.) Occupations with similar skills or work activities aregrouped at each of the four levels of hierarchy to facilitatecomparisons. For example, the major group, life, physical,and social science occupations, is divided into four minorgroupsβlife scientists, physical scientists, social scientistsand related workers, and life, physical, and social science tech-nicians. Life scientists contains broad occupations, such asagriculture and food scientists, as well as biological scien-tists. The broad occupation, biological scientists, includesdetailed occupations such as biochemists and biophysicistsas well as microbiologists. The following example shows thehierarchical structure of the 1998 SOC:
19β0000 Life, physical, and social science occupations(major group)
19β000 Life scientists (minor group)19β1020 Biological scientists (broad occupation)
19β1021 Biochemists and biophysicists (detailed occupation)
19β1022 Microbiologists (detailed occupation)
19β1023 Zoologists and wildlife biologists (detailed occupation)
19β1029 Biological scientists, all other (detailed occupation)
Broad occupations often include several detailed occupa-tions that are difficult to distinguish without further informa-tion. For example, people may report their occupation as bi-
ologist or psychologist without identifying a concentration.Broad occupations, such as psychologists, include more de-tailed occupations, such as industrial-organizational psycholo-gists, for those requiring further detail. For cases in whichthere is little confusion about the content of a detailed occu-pation, the broad occupation is the same as the detailed occu-pation. For example, because it is relatively easy to identifylawyers, the broad occupation, lawyers, is the same as thedetailed occupation.
Reflects structure of current workforce. In addition to en-suring comparability among various surveys, the 1998 SOCwas designed to mirror the current occupational structure inthe Nation, and, in effect, serve as a bridge to occupationalclassification in the 21st century. The new system should leadto the collection of meaningful data about the workforce andbenefit various users of occupational data. These users mightinclude education and training planners; jobseekers, students,and others seeking career guidance; various government pro-grams, including occupational safety and health, welfare-to-work, and equal employment opportunity; and private com-panies wishing to relocate or set salary scales.
Reflecting advances in factory and office automation andinformation technology, the shift to a services-orientedeconomy, and increasing concern for the environment, the newclassification structure has more professional, technical, andservice occupations and fewer production and administrativesupport occupations than earlier classification systems. Al-though the designation βprofessionalβ does not exist in the1998 SOC, the new classification system reflects expandedcoverage of occupations classified as professional and tech-nical in earlier classification systems. These occupations havebeen dispersed among a number of major occupationalgroups, such as computer and mathematical occupations, com-munity and social services occupations, healthcare practitio-ners and technical occupations, and legal occupations.
Designers, systems analysts, drafters, counselors, dentists,physicians, artists, and social scientists are among the occu-pations that are covered in greater detail in the new SOC. Forexample, the SOC breaks out a number of designer special-tiesβcommercial and industrial, fashion, floral, graphic, in-terior, and set and exhibit designers. Similarly, the new classi-fication breaks out additional social science specialtiesβmarket and survey researchers, sociologists, anthropologistsand archeologists, geographers, historians, and political sci-entists. Examples of new occupations include environmentalengineers; environmental engineering technicians; environ-mental scientists and specialists, including health; environ-mental science and protection technicians, including health;computer software engineers; multimedia artists and anima-tors; and forensic science technicians; among others.
In the services groups, gaming occupations, such as gam-ing and sportsbook writers and runners, have been added as aresult of growth among these occupations in several States.Other relatively new service occupations include skin care
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specialists, concierges, massage therapists, and fitness train-ers and aerobics instructors.
Production occupations, on the other hand, have under-gone significant consolidation. For example, various printingmachine operators have been combined into one occupationin the 1998 SOC. Because many factories now employ oneperson to perform the tasks of setting up and operating ma-chines, both tasks have been combined into one occupation.In addition, many factories now employ teams in which eachteam member is able to perform all or most of the team as-sembly activities; these people are included in the occupa-tion, team assemblers. The SOC also includes relatively newproduction occupations such as semiconductor processors andfiberglass laminators and fabricators.
Office and administrative support occupationsβfor ex-ample, office machine operatorsβalso have been consoli-dated. Relatively new office and administrative support occu-pations include customer service representatives andexecutive secretaries and administrative assistants.
Greater flexibility. To accommodate the needs of differentdata collection agencies, the SOC enables data collection atmore detailed or less detailed levels, while still allowing datacomparability at certain levels of the hierarchy. Each occupa-tion in the SOC is assigned a 6-digit code. (The first two digitsrepresent the major group, the third digit represents the minorgroup, the fourth and fifth digits represent the broad occupation,and the sixth digit represents the detailed occupation.) Data col-lection agencies wanting more detail to measure additionalworker characteristics can split a defined occupation into moredetailed occupations by adding a decimal point and more digitsto the SOC code. For example, secondary school teachers (25-3031) is a detailed occupation. Agencies collecting more de-tailed information on teachers by subject matter might use 25-3031.1 for secondary school science teachers or 25β3031.12for secondary school biology teachers. Additional levels of de-tail also may be used to distinguish workers who have differenttraining, demographic characteristics, or years of experience.For users wanting less detail, the SOC Committee suggestscombining the 23 major groups into 11 or even 6 groups ifneeded for tabulation purposes.10
Comprehensive coverage. The Standard OccupationalClassification covers all workers in the United States. In somecases, the worker will not exactly fit into a defined occupa-tion and will be classified in a residual occupation at the mostdetailed level possible. These residual categories are placedthroughout the structure as needed. Like other detailed occu-pations, residual occupations may be individually defined sothat separate data can be collected. For example, the broadoccupation, biological scientists, lists three types of biologi-cal scientists explicitly, but this list is not exhaustive. In or-der to include all workers in the appropriate classification,residual occupations are added for the workers not definedseparately. Geneticists, for example, are included in the re-sidual category, all other biological scientists.
Associated job titles. To facilitate consistent classificationby data collection agencies across surveys, the 1998 SOC as-sociates some 30,000 job titles with detailed occupations. Forexample, associated titles will ensure that a podiatric surgeonconsistently will be classified as a podiatrist rather than as asurgeon. Because many of these job titles are industry-spe-cific, the industries also are listed for many titles.
Occupational definitions. A universal occupational classi-fication cannot rely on job title alone. To further facilitate con-sistent classification, each detailed occupation has a defini-tion that uniquely defines the workers that are included.Definitions begin with tasks that all workers in the occupationare expected to perform. The qualifier βmayβ precedes dutiesthat only some workers perform. Where a definition includesduties also performed by workers in another occupation,cross-references to the occupation are provided. A sample ofoccupational definitions follows:
(15β1081) Network systems and data communications analysts: Analyze,design, test, and evaluate network systems, such as local area networks (LAN),wide area networks (WAN), Internet, intranet, and other data communica-tions systems. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning. Researchand recommend network and data communications hardware and software.Include telecommunications specialists who deal with the interfacing ofcomputer and communications equipment. May supervise computerprogrammers.
Illustrative examples: Internet developer; Systems integrator; Webmaster
Military occupations. The new SOC also covers military jobs.Workers in military occupations that are similar to nonmilitaryoccupations, such as physicians, cooks, or secretaries, are clas-sified with nonmilitary workers. Those in occupations specificto the military, such as infantry, are in a separate group. How-ever, data on all military personnelβwhether specific to themilitary or notβusually will be separate from data on the civil-ian labor force collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, theBureau of the Census, and other government agencies.
Historical comparability. Comparability with older classi-fication systems is important for analyzing long-term trendsin employment and other characteristics of workers. Whilesuch comparability was not the primary consideration in de-velopment of the 1998 SOC, researchers will retain the abil-ity to make most historical comparisons.
Flexibility for change. The SOC Committee has proposedthat a permanent review committee be established to keep theSOC up to date, and OMB currently is considering the pro-posal. This committee would consider proposals for new oc-cupations, redefine occupations as job duties change, andamend the list of associated job titles accordingly. For ex-ample, some associated job titles in the 1998 SOC might be-come detailed occupations in future versions of the SOC. Thenext major revision is expected to begin in 2005, in prepara-tion for the 2010 Census of Population.
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The final 1998 SOC will be published formally by the Of-fice of Management and Budget. All Federal Governmentagencies that collect occupational data are expected to adoptthe 1998 SOC over the next few years. The following imple-mentation schedule will be used by the Bureau of LaborStatistics and the Bureau of the Censusβthe agencies withthe most comprehensive occupational data collection sys-tems.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The annual Occupational Em-ployment Statistics survey will first reflect the 1998 SOCin 1999; national, State, and metropolitan statistical areadata are expected to be available in early 2001.
The Bureauβs Office of Employment Projections devel-ops new national employment projections every 2 years,reflected in its βindustry-occupation matrix.β This matrixpresents estimates of current and projected employmentβcovering a 10-year periodβby detailed industry and occu-pation. The occupational staffing pattern, or detailed oc-cupational makeup, of each industry in the matrix reflectsOccupational Employment Statistics survey data. The1998 SOC will first be reflected in the industry-occupationmatrix covering the 2002β12 period, which is expected tobe released in late 2003.
The Office of Employment Projections also producesthe Occupational Outlook Handbook, which is among themost widely used career guidance resources in the Nation,and related publications based on the Bureauβs biennial em-ployment projections. Occupational definitions and datacompletely based on the 1998 SOC will be incorporatedfor the first time in the 2004β05 edition of the Handbook,which is expected to be published in early 2004.
Bureau of the Census. Data collected by the 2000 Censusof Population will be coded to the 1998 SOC and publishedin 2002. Data from the Current Population Survey will bebased on the new classification for the first time in 2003.
Where to find more information
The final 1998 SOC ultimately will be published in a
two-volume manual. Volume I will contain the hierarchi-cal structure, a complete list of occupational titles and theirdefinitions, a description of the SOC revision process, anda section on frequently asked questions. Volume II willcontain a list of some 30,000 job titles that are commonlyused by individuals and establishments when reportingemployment by occupation. The second volume also willinclude an alphabetical index of all associated titles andindustries and will reference them to the occupation inwhich they are found. Volumes I and II of the 1998 SOCalso will be available at the following Internet address:
http://stats.bls.gov/soc/soc_home.htm
O*NET, the Occupational Information Network, ad-heres to the 1998 SOC. Information on this occupationalclassification system appears in βReplace with a Database:O*NET Replaces the Dictionary of Occupational Titles,βOccupational Outlook Quarterly (Bureau of Labor Statis-tics, Spring 1999). O*NET also may be accessed at thefollowing Internet address:
http://www.doleta.gov/programs/onet
The 1998 SOC will be incorporated into the Occupa-tional Outlook Handbook and the Bureau of Labor Statis-tics industry-occupation matrix. Both the Handbook andmatrix can be accessed at the following Internet address:
http://stats.bls.gov/emphome.htm
To facilitate historical comparisons, the Bureau ofLabor Statistics will develop a crosswalk showing the re-lationship between occupations in the 1998 SOC andthe 1997 Occupational Employment Statistics survey.
The Bureau of the Census also is developing a cross-walk showing the relationship between the occupations inthe 1998 SOC and those of the 1990 and 2000 censuses.The crosswalk will be available at the following (Bureauof the Census) Internet address:
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/occupation.html
Implementation of the 1998 SOC
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1 For a recent summary of NAICS, see John B. Murphy, βIntroducing theNorth American Industry Classification System,β Monthly Labor Review,July 1998, pp. 43β47.
2 For more on the conference, see Proceedings of the International Oc-cupation Classification Conference, Report 833 (Bureau of Labor Statis-tics, September 1993).
3 See The New DOT: A Database of Occupational Titles for theTwenty-First Century, final report of the Advisory Panel for the Dictionaryof Occupational Titles (U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Train-ing Administration, May 1993).
4 See Federal Register, February 28, 1995, p. 10998.5 The Bureau of the Census tested the feasibility of data collection to
implement a skills-based approach on its 1995 National Content Survey testof questions for the 2000 Census of Population. The SOC Committee alsocommissioned work by the Joint Program in Survey Methodology on thecollectibility of skills information. BLS also developed a prototype job familymatrix (modeled on the Canadian system) that classified occupations by
skill level. See βPrototype Skills-based Job Family Matrix,β unpublishedreport (Bureau of Labor Statistics, April 1994).
6 An additional drawback of ISCO-88 was its inclusion of βfemaleβ oc-cupations; the SOC Committee decided not to make any gender-based dis-tinctions in the SOC.
7 See Federal Register, October 5, 1995, p. 52285.
8 See Federal Register, July 7, 1997, pp. 36338-36409; and August 5,1998, pp. 41896β41923. OMB received comments on the final report as welland intends to issue the final 1998 SOC by the end of 1999. The SOC Com-mittee is currently working on a two-volume SOC manual.
9 In comparison, the 1980 SOC included 22 divisions (comparable to ma-jor groups in the 1998 SOC), 60 major groups (comparable to minor groupsin the 1998 SOC), 223 minor groups (comparable to broad occupations in the1998 SOC), and 664 unit groups (comparable to detailed occupations in the1998 SOC).
10 Federal Register, August 5, 1998, pp. 41897β41898.
Endnotes
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ActorsAgentsAgricultural implement makersApothecaries and druggistsApprenticesArchitectsArmorersArtificial flower makersArtistsAstronomical, mathematical,
and nautical instrument makersAuctioneersAuthors
BakersBankersBank and insurance officersBarbersBarkeepersBasket makersBell and brass foundersBell hangers and locksmithsBellows makersBlacking manufacturersBlack and white smithsBlock and pump makersBoarding-house keepersBoat buildersBoatmenBoiler makersBone-black makersBookbindersBooksellers and stationersBottlersBox makersBrass and composition workersBrewers and distillersBrick makersBridge and dock buildersBrokersBroom makersBrush makersBuildersButchersButton makers
Cabinet and chair makersCadetsCalico printersCard manufacturersCarpentersCarpet makersCartersCarvers and gildersCattle dealersCaulkersCement makersChandlersCharcoal-burnersChemistsChimney-sweepsChocolate manufacturersCity, county, and town officers
Civil engineersClerksClergymenClock makersClothiersCloth manufacturersCoachmakersCollectorsColliersComb makersCotton-gin makersConfectionersContractorsCoopersCoppersmithsCordwainersCork-cuttersCotton manufacturersCutlers
DaguerreotypistsDairymen and milkmenDealersDentistsDraughtsmenDriversDroversDyers and bleachers
EditorsEngineersEngraversEnamellers
Factory handsFarmersFarriersFeather dressersFile cuttersFire-engine makersFiremenFirework makersFishermenFlax dressersFrame makersFruiterersFurriers
Gardeners and floristsGas fittersGas makersGate keepersGlass manufacturersGlass stainersGloversGlue makersGold beatersGold pen makersGold and silver smithsGrate makersGrindstone and millstone makersGrocersGunsmiths
Appendix A: Occupational classification used in the 1850 Census of Population
Hair workersHardware manufacturersHat and cap manufacturersHemp dressersHerdsmen, graziers, and rancherosHorse dealersHosiersHunter, trappers, and rangers
Ice dealersIndia-rubber manufacturersInk manufacturersInnkeepersIron foundersIronmongersIron workers
JapannersJewellersJoiners
LaborersLace manufacturersLamp makersLapidariesLast makersLathe makersLath makersLawyersLead workersLightning-rod makersLime burnersLinseed oil manufacturersLivery-stable keepersLooking glass makersLumbermen
MachinistsManufacturers not otherwise specifiedMap makersMarinersMarketmenMasons and plasterersMast makersMatch makersMechanics not otherwise specifiedMerchantsMillersMillwrightsMinersMineral water manufacturersModel makersMorocco dressersMouldersMould makersMuleteersMusiciansMusic sellersMusic teachersMustard makers
Nail manufacturers
9
Needle makersNewsmenNursery men
OccultistsOil-cloth manufacturersOil makersOpticiansOrgan buildersOstlersOverseersOystermen
PackersPainters and glaziersPaper dealersPaperhangers and upholsterersPaper manufacturersPaper rulersPaper stainersPatent-leather manufacturersPatent-medicine makersPattern makersPaversPawnbrokersPedlersPen makersPencil makersPerfumersPhilosophical instrument makersPhysiciansPianoforte and musical instrument
makersPilotsPin manufacturersPipe makersPlane makersPlantersPlaster-figure makersPlatersPlumbersPocket-book manufacturersPorcelain manufacturersPorters and carriersPot and pearl ash manufacturersPolishers and finishersPottersPowder manufacturersPrintersProduce and provision dealersProfessorsPublishers
Quarrymen
Rag collectorsRailroad menRazor makersRazor-strop makersRefectory keepersRefinersReportersRiggersRoofers and slatersRope and cord makers
Saddle and harness makersSafe makersSail makersSalaeratus makersSalt makersSash and blind makersSaw makersSawyersScale makersScourersScrew makersSculptorsServantsSextonsShingle makersShip carpentersShoe bindersShoe-peg makersShot manufacturersShowmenSilk manufacturersSoldiersSpinnersSpoon manufacturersSpring makersStarch manufacturersStave makersSteel manufacturersStencillersSterotypistsStevedoresStone and marble cuttersStorekeepersStove makersStraw workersStudentsSugar manufacturersSurgeons
SurveyorsSuspender makers
TailorsTanners and curriersTeachersTeamstersTelegraph operatorsTinsmith
Tobacconists and cigar makersTool makersToymenTradersTrimmersTrunk makersTurnersTurpentine makersType cuttersType founders
Umbrella manufacturersUndertakersUnited States and State officers
Varnish makersVeterinariansVinegar makers
Wagon makersWarpersWatchmenWatchmakersWeaversWhalebone workersWheelwrightsWhip makersWhitewashersWhite lead manufacturersWhiting manufacturersWine makersWine and liquor dealersWindow-shade makersWire makersWire workersWood cordersWood cuttersWood dealersWooden ware manufacturersWool combers and cardersWool dealersWoolen manufacturersSurgical instrument makers
10
11β0000 Management Occupations11β1000 Top Executives
11β1010 Chief Executives11β1011 Chief Executives
11β1020 General and Operations Managers11β1021 General and Operations Managers
11β1030 Legislators11β1031 Legislators
11β2000 Advertising, Marketing, Promotions,Public Relations, and Sales Managers
11β2010 Advertising and Promotions Managers11β2011 Advertising and Promotions Managers
11β2020 Marketing and Sales Managers11β2021 Marketing Managers11β2022 Sales Managers
11β2030 Public Relations Managers11β2031 Public Relations Managers
11β3000 Operations Specialties Managers11β3010 Administrative Services Managers
11β3011 Administrative Services Managers11β3020 Computer and Information Systems Managers
11β3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers11β3030 Financial Managers
11β3031 Financial Managers11β3040 Human Resources Managers
11β3041 Compensation and Benefits Managers11β3042 Training and Development Managers11β3049 Human Resources Managers, All Other
11β3050 Industrial Production Managers11β3051 Industrial Production Managers
11β3060 Purchasing Managers11β3061 Purchasing Managers
11β3070 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers11β3071 Transportation, Storage,
and Distribution Managers11β9000 Other Management Occupations
11β9010 Agricultural Managers11β9011 Farm, Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers11β9012 Farmers and Ranchers
11β9020 Construction Managers11β9021 Construction Managers
11β9030 Education Administrators11β9031 Education Administrators,
Preschool and Child Care Center/Program11β9032 Education Administrators,
Elementary and Secondary School11β9033 Education Administrators, Postsecondary11β9039 Education Administrators, All Other
11β9040 Engineering Managers11β9041 Engineering Managers
11β9050 Food Service Managers11β9051 Food Service Managers
11β9060 Funeral Directors11β9061 Funeral Directors
11β9070 Gaming Managers11β9071 Gaming Managers
Appendix B: Final 1998 SOC occupational structure
11β9080 Lodging Managers11β9081 Lodging Managers
11β9110 Medical and Health Services Managers11β9111 Medical and Health Services Managers
11β9120 Natural Sciences Managers11β9121 Natural Sciences Managers
11β9130 Postmasters and Mail Superintendents11β9131 Postmasters and Mail Superintendents
11β9140 Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
11β9141 Property, Real Estate,and Community Association Managers
11β9150 Social and Community Service Managers11β9151 Social and Community Service Managers
11β9190 Miscellaneous Managers11β9199 Managers, All Other
13β0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations13β1000 Business Operations Specialists
13β1010 Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes13β1011 Agents and Business Managers
of Artists, Performers, and Athletes13β1020 Buyers and Purchasing Agents
13β1021 Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products13β1022 Wholesale and Retail Buyers,
Except Farm Products13β1023 Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale,
Retail, and Farm Products13β1030 Claims Adjusters, Appraisers, Examiners,
and Investigators13β1031 Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators13β1032 Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage
13β1040 Compliance Officers, Except Agriculture, Construction, Health and Safety, and Transportation13β1041 Compliance Officers, Except Agriculture,
Construction, Health and Safety, and Transportation13β1050 Cost Estimators
13β1051 Cost Estimators13β1060 Emergency Management Specialists
13β1061 Emergency Management Specialists13β1070 Human Resources, Training,
and Labor Relations Specialists13β1071 Employment, Recruitment,
and Placement Specialists13β1072 Compensation, Benefits,
and Job Analysis Specialists13β1073 Training and Development Specialists13β1079 Human Resources, Training,
and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other13β1080 Logisticians
13β1081 Logisticians13β1110 Management Analysts
13β1111 Management Analysts13β1120 Meeting and Convention Planners
13β1121 Meeting and Convention Planners
11
13β1190 Miscellaneous Business Operations Specialists13β1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other
13β2000 Financial Specialists13β2010 Accountants and Auditors
13β2011 Accountants and Auditors13β2020 Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate
13β2021 Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate13β2030 Budget Analysts
13β2031 Budget Analysts13β2040 Credit Analysts
13β2041 Credit Analysts13β2050 Financial Analysts and Advisors
13β2051 Financial Analysts13β2052 Personal Financial Advisors13β2053 Insurance Underwriters
13β2060 Financial Examiners13β2061 Financial Examiners
13β2070 Loan Counselors and Officers13β2071 Loan Counselors 13β2072 Loan Officers
13β2080 Tax Examiners, Collectors, Preparers,and Revenue Agents13β2081 Tax Examiners, Collectors,
and Revenue Agents13β2082 Tax Preparers
13β2090 Miscellaneous Financial Specialists13β2099 Financial Specialists, All Other
15β0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations15β1000 Computer Specialists
15β1010 Computer and Information Scientists, Research15β1011 Computer and Information Scientists,
Research15β1020 Computer Programmers
15β1021 Computer Programmers 15β1030 Computer Software Engineers
15β1031 Computer Software Engineers, Applications
15β1032 Computer Software Engineers,Systems Software
15β1040 Computer Support Specialists15β1041 Computer Support Specialists
15β1050 Computer Systems Analysts15β1051 Computer Systems Analysts
15β1060 Database Administrators15β1061 Database Administrators
15β1070 Network and Computer SystemsAdministrators
15β1071 Network and Computer SystemsAdministrators
15β1080 Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts
15β1081 Network Systems and DataCommunications Analysts
15β1090 Miscellaneous Computer Specialists15β1099 Computer Specialists, All Other
15β2000 Mathematical Scientists15β2010 Actuaries
15β2011 Actuaries15β2020 Mathematicians
15β2021 Mathematicians15β2030 Operations Research Analysts
15β2031 Operations Research Analysts15β2040 Statisticians
15β2041 Statisticians 15β2090 Miscellaneous Mathematical Scientists
15β2099 Mathematical Scientists, All Other15β3000 Mathematical Technicians
15β3010 Mathematical Technicians15β3011 Mathematical Technicians
17β0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations17β1000 Architects, Surveyors, and Cartographers
17β1010 Architects, Except Naval17β1011 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval17β1012 Landscape Architects
17β1020 Surveyors, Cartographers,and Photogrammetrists17β1021 Cartographers and Photogrammetrists17β1022 Surveyors
17β2000 Engineers17β2010 Aerospace Engineers
17β2011 Aerospace Engineers17β2020 Agricultural Engineers
17β2021 Agricultural Engineers17β2030 Biomedical Engineers
17β2031 Biomedical Engineers17β2040 Chemical Engineers
17β2041 Chemical Engineers17β2050 Civil Engineers
17β2051 Civil Engineers17β2060 Computer Hardware Engineers
17β2061 Computer Hardware Engineers17β2070 Electrical and Electronics Engineers
17β2071 Electrical Engineers17β2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
17β2080 Environmental Engineers17β2081 Environmental Engineers
17β2110 Industrial Engineers, Including Healthand Safety17β2111 Health and Safety Engineers,
Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors17β2112 Industrial Engineers
17β2120 Marine Engineers and Naval Architects17β2121 Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
17β2130 Materials Engineers17β2131 Materials Engineers
17β2140 Mechanical Engineers17β2141 Mechanical Engineers
17β2150 Mining and Geological Engineers,Including Mining Safety Engineers17β2151 Mining and Geological Engineers,
Including Mining Safety Engineers17β2160 Nuclear Engineers
17β2161 Nuclear Engineers17β2170 Petroleum Engineers
17β2171 Petroleum Engineers17β2190 Miscellaneous Engineers
17β2199 Engineers, All Other17β3000 Drafters, Engineering, and Mapping Technicians
17β3010 Drafters17β3011 Architectural and Civil Drafters17β3012 Electrical and Electronics Drafters17β3013 Mechanical Drafters17β3019 Drafters, All Other
17β3020 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters17β3021 Aerospace Engineering and Operations
Technicians
12
17β3022 Civil Engineering Technicians17β3023 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Technicians17β3024 Electro-Mechanical Technicians17β3025 Environmental Engineering Technicians17β3026 Industrial Engineering Technicians17β3027 Mechanical Engineering Technicians17β3029 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters,
All Other17β3030 Surveying and Mapping Technicians
17β3031 Surveying and Mapping Technicians
19β0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations19β1000 Life Scientists
19β1010 Agricultural and Food Scientists19β1011 Animal Scientists19β1012 Food Scientists and Technologists19β1013 Soil and Plant Scientists
19β1020 Biological Scientists19β1021 Biochemists and Biophysicists19β1022 Microbiologists19β1023 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists19β1029 Biological Scientists, All Other
19β1030 Conservation Scientists and Foresters19β1031 Conservation Scientists19β1032 Foresters
19β1040 Medical Scientists19β1041 Epidemiologists19β1042 Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
19β1090 Miscellaneous Life Scientists19β1099 Life Scientists, All Other
19β2000 Physical Scientists19β2010 Astronomers and Physicists
19β2011 Astronomers19β2012 Physicists
19β2020 Atmospheric and Space Scientists19β2021 Atmospheric and Space Scientists
19β2030 Chemists and Materials Scientists19β2031 Chemists19β2032 Materials Scientists
19β2040 Environmental Scientists and Geoscientists19β2041 Environmental Scientists and Specialists,
Including Health19β2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists
and Geographers19β2043 Hydrologists
19β2090 Miscellaneous Physical Scientists19β2099 Physical Scientists, All Other
19β3000 Social Scientists and Related Workers19β3010 Economists
19β3011 Economists19β3020 Market and Survey Researchers
19β3021 Market Research Analysts19β3022 Survey Researchers
19β3030 Psychologists19β3031 Clinical, Counseling,
and School Psychologists19β3032 Industrial-Organizational Psychologists19β3039 Psychologists, All Other
19β3040 Sociologists19β3041 Sociologists
19β3050 Urban and Regional Planners
19β3051 Urban and Regional Planners19β3090 Miscellaneous Social Scientists
and Related Workers19β3091 Anthropologists and Archeologists19β3092 Geographers19β3093 Historians19β3094 Political Scientists19β3099 Social Scientists and Related Workers,
All Other19β4000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians
19β4010 Agricultural and Food Science Technicians19β4011 Agricultural and Food Science Technicians
19β4020 Biological Technicians19β4021 Biological Technicians
19β4030 Chemical Technicians19β4031 Chemical Technicians
19β4040 Geological and Petroleum Technicians19β4041 Geological and Petroleum Technicians
19β4050 Nuclear Technicians19β4051 Nuclear Technicians
19β4060 Social Science Research Assistants19β4061 Social Science Research Assistants
19β4090 Miscellaneous Life, Physical, and SocialScience Technicians19β4091 Environmental Science and Protection
Technicians, Including Health19β4092 Forensic Science Technicians19β4093 Forest and Conservation Technicians19β4099 Life, Physical, and Social Science
Technicians, All Other
21β0000 Community and Social Services Occupations21β1000 Counselors, Social Workers, and Other
Community and Social Service Specialists21β1010 Counselors
21β1011 Substance Abuse and Behavioral DisorderCounselors
21β1012 Educational, Vocational,and School Counselors
21β1013 Marriage and Family Therapists21β1014 Mental Health Counselors21β1015 Rehabilitation Counselors21β1019 Counselors, All Other
21β1020 Social Workers21β1021 Child, Family, and School Social Workers21β1022 Medical and Public Health Social Workers21β1023 Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Social Workers21β1029 Social Workers, All Other
21β1090 Miscellaneous Communityand Social Service Specialists21β1091 Health Educators21β1092 Probation Officers and Correctional
Treatment Specialists21β1093 Social and Human Service Assistants 21β1099 Community and Social Service Specialists,
All Other 21β2000 Religious Workers
21β2010 Clergy21β2011 Clergy
21β2020 Directors, Religious Activities andEducation
13
21β2021 Directors, Religious Activitiesand Education
21β2090 Miscellaneous Religious Workers21β2099 Religious Workers, All Other
23β0000 Legal Occupations23β1000 Lawyers, Judges, and Related Workers
23β1010 Lawyers23β1011 Lawyers
23β1020 Judges, Magistrates, and Other JudicialWorkers23β1021 Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators,
and Hearing Officers23β1022 Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators23β1023 Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
23β2000 Legal Support Workers23β2010 Paralegals and Legal Assistants
23β2011 Paralegals and Legal Assistants23β2090 Miscellaneous Legal Support Workers
23β2091 Court Reporters23β2092 Law Clerks23β2093 Title Examiners, Abstractors,
and Searchers23β2099 Legal Support Workers, All Other
25β0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations25β1000 Postsecondary Teachers
25β1010 Business Teachers, Postsecondary25β1011 Business Teachers, Postsecondary
25β1020 Math and Computer Teachers, Postsecondary25β1021 Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary25β1022 Mathematical Science Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1030 Engineering and Architecture Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1031 Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary25β1032 Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary
25β1040 Life Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary25β1041 Agricultural Sciences Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1042 Biological Science Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1043 Forestry and Conservation Science
Teachers, Postsecondary25β1050 Physical Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
25β1051 Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and SpaceSciences Teachers, Postsecondary
25β1052 Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary25β1053 Environmental Science Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1054 Physics Teachers, Postsecondary
25β1060 Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary25β1061 Anthropology and Archeology Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1062 Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies
Teachers, Postsecondary25β1063 Economics Teachers, Postsecondary25β1064 Geography Teachers, Postsecondary25β1065 Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary25β1066 Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary25β1067 Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary25β1069 Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary,All Other
25β1070 Health Teachers, Postsecondary25β1071 Health Specialties Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1072 Nursing Instructors and Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1080 Education and Library Science Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1081 Education Teachers, Postsecondary25β1082 Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary
25β1110 Law, Criminal Justice, and Social WorkTeachers, Postsecondary
25β1111 Criminal Justice and Law EnforcementTeachers, Postsecondary
25β1112 Law Teachers, Postsecondary25β1113 Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary
25β1120 Arts, Communications, and HumanitiesTeachers, Postsecondary
25β1121 Art, Drama, and Music Teachers,Postsecondary
25β1122 Communications Teachers, Postsecondary25β1123 English Language and Literature Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1124 Foreign Language and Literature Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1125 History Teachers, Postsecondary25β1126 Philosophy and Religion Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1190 Miscellaneous Postsecondary Teachers
25β1191 Graduate Teaching Assistants25β1192 Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary25β1193 Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers,
Postsecondary25β1194 Vocational Education Teachers
Postsecondary25β1199 Postsecondary Teachers, All Other
25β2000 Teachers, Primary, Secondary, and SpecialEducation
25β2010 Preschool and Kindergarten Teachers25β2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special
Education25β2012 Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
Education25β2020 Elementary and Middle School Teachers
25β2021 Elementary School Teachers, ExceptSpecial Education
25β2022 Middle School Teachers, Except Specialand Vocational Education
25β2023 Middle School Vocational EducationTeachers
25β2030 Secondary School Teachers25β2031 Secondary School Teachers, Except
Special and Vocational Education25β2032 Secondary School ,Vocational Education
Teachers25β2040 Special Education Teachers
25β2041 Special Education Teachers, Preschool,Kindergarten, and Elementary School
25β2042 Special Education Teachers, MiddleSchool
25β2043 Special Education Teachers, SecondarySchool
25β3000 Other Teachers and Instructors25β3010 Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, and GED
14
Teachers and Instructors25β3011 Adult Literacy, Remedial Education,
and GED Teachers and Instructors25β3020 Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
25β3021 Self-Enrichment Education Teachers25β3090 Miscellaneous Teachers and Instructors
25β3099 Teachers and Instructors, All Other25β4000 Librarians, Curators, and Archivists
25β4010 Archivists, Curators, and Museum Technicians25β4011 Archivists25β4012 Curators25β4013 Museum Technicians and Conservators
25β4020 Librarians25β4021 Librarians
25β4030 Library Technicians25β4031 Library Technicians
25β9000 Other Education, Training, and LibraryOccupations
25β9010 Audio-Visual Collections Specialists25β9011 Audio-Visual Collections Specialists
25β9020 Farm and Home Management Advisors25β9021 Farm and Home Management Advisors
25β9030 Instructional Coordinators25β9031 Instructional Coordinators
25β9040 Teacher Assistants25β9041 Teacher Assistants
25β9090 Miscellaneous Education, Training,and Library Workers
25β9099 Education, Training, and Library Workers,All Other
27β0000 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and MediaOccupations
27β1000 Art and Design Workers27β1010 Artists and Related Workers
27β1011 Art Directors27β1012 Craft Artists27β1013 Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors,
and Illustrators27β1014 Multi-Media Artists and Animators27β1019 Artists and Related Workers, All Other
27β1020 Designers27β1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers27β1022 Fashion Designers27β1023 Floral Designers27β1024 Graphic Designers27β1025 Interior Designers27β1026 Merchandise Displayers and Window
Trimmers27β1027 Set and Exhibit Designers27β1029 Designers, All Other
27β2000 Entertainers and Performers, Sports andRelated Workers
27β2010 Actors, Producers, and Directors27β2011 Actors27β2012 Producers and Directors
27β2020 Athletes, Coaches, Umpires, and RelatedWorkers
27β2021 Athletes and Sports Competitors27β2022 Coaches and Scouts27β2023 Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports
Officials27β2030 Dancers and Choreographers
27β2031 Dancers27β2032 Choreographers
27β2040 Musicians, Singers, and Related Workers27β2041 Music Directors and Composers27β2042 Musicians and Singers
27β2090 Miscellaneous Entertainers and Performers,Sports and Related Workers
27β2099 Entertainers and Performers, Sportsand Related Workers, All Other
27β3000 Media and Communication Workers27β3010 Announcers
27β3011 Radio and Television Announcers27β3012 Public Address System and Other
Announcers27β3020 News Analysts, Reporters and Correspondents
27β3021 Broadcast News Analysts27β3022 Reporters and Correspondents
27β3030 Public Relations Specialists27β3031 Public Relations Specialists
27β3040 Writers and Editors27β3041 Editors27β3042 Technical Writers27β3043 Writers and Authors
27β3090 Miscellaneous Media and CommunicationWorkers
27β3091 Interpreters and Translators27β3099 Media and Communication Workers,
All Other 27β4000 Media and Communication Equipment
Workers27β4010 Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians
and Radio Operators27β4011 Audio and Video Equipment Technicians27β4012 Broadcast Technicians27β4013 Radio Operators27β4014 Sound Engineering Technicians
27β4020 Photographers27β4021 Photographers
27β4030 Television, Video, and Motion Picture CameraOperators and Editors
27β4031 Camera Operators, Television, Video,and Motion Picture
27β4032 Film and Video Editors27β4090 Miscellaneous Media and Communication
Equipment Workers27β4099 Media and Communication Equipment
Workers, All Other
29β0000 Healthcare Practitioners and TechnicalOccupations
29β1000 Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners29β1010 Chiropractors
29β1011 Chiropractors29β1020 Dentists
29β1021 Dentists, General29β1022 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons29β1023 Orthodontists29β1024 Prosthodontists29β1029 Dentists, All Other Specialists
29β1030 Dietitians and Nutritionists29β1031 Dietitians and Nutritionists
29β1040 Optometrists29β1041 Optometrists
15
29β1050 Pharmacists29β1051 Pharmacists
29β1060 Physicians and Surgeons29β1061 Anesthesiologists29β1062 Family and General Practitioners29β1063 Internists, General29β1064 Obstetricians and Gynecologists29β1065 Pediatricians, General29β1066 Psychiatrists29β1067 Surgeons29β1069 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other
29β1070 Physician Assistants29β1071 Physician Assistants
29β1080 Podiatrists29β1081 Podiatrists
29β1110 Registered Nurses29β1111 Registered Nurses
29β1120 Therapists29β1121 Audiologists29β1122 Occupational Therapists29β1123 Physical Therapists29β1124 Radiation Therapists29β1125 Recreational Therapists29β1126 Respiratory Therapists29β1127 Speech-Language Pathologists29β1129 Therapists, All Other
29β1130 Veterinarians29β1131 Veterinarians
29β1190 Miscellaneous Health Diagnosing andTreating Practitioners
29β1199 Health Diagnosing and TreatingPractitioners, All Other
29β2000 Health Technologists and Technicians29β2010 Clinical Laboratory Technologists andTechnicians
29β2011 Medical and Clinical LaboratoryTechnologists
29β2012 Medical and Clinical LaboratoryTechnicians
29β2020 Dental Hygienists29β2021 Dental Hygienists
29β2030 Diagnostic Related Technologistsand Technicians
29β2031 Cardiovascular Technologistsand Technicians
29β2032 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers29β2033 Nuclear Medicine Technologists29β2034 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
29β2040 Emergency Medical Techniciansand Paramedics
29β2041 Emergency Medical Techniciansand Paramedics
29β2050 Health Diagnosing and Treating PractitionerSupport Technicians
29β2051 Dietetic Technicians29β2052 Pharmacy Technicians29β2053 Psychiatric Technicians29β2054 Respiratory Therapy Technicians29β2055 Surgical Technologists29β2056 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
29β2060 Licensed Practical and Licensed VocationalNurses29β2061 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational
Nurses
29β2070 Medical Records and Health InformationTechnicians
29β2071 Medical Records and Health InformationTechnicians
29β2080 Opticians, Dispensing29β2081 Opticians, Dispensing
29β2090 Miscellaneous Health Technologists and Technicians
29β2091 Orthotists and Prosthetists29β2099 Health Technologists and Technicians,
All Other29β9000 Other Healthcare Practitioners and TechnicalOccupations
29β9010 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists and Technicians
29β9011 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists29β9012 Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
29β9090 Miscellaneous Health Practitionersand Technical Workers
29β9091 Athletic Trainers29β9099 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical
Workers, All Other
31β0000 Healthcare Support Occupations31β1000 Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides
31β1010 Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides31β1011 Home Health Aides31β1012 Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants31β1013 Psychiatric Aides
31β2000 Occupational and Physical Therapist Assistantsand Aides31β2010 Occupational Therapist Assistants and Aides
31β2011 Occupational Therapist Assistants31β2012 Occupational Therapist Aides
31β2020 Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides31β2021 Physical Therapist Assistants31β2022 Physical Therapist Aides
31β9000 Other Healthcare Support Occupations31β9010 Massage Therapists
31β9011 Massage Therapists31β9090 Miscellaneous Healthcare Support Occupations
31β9091 Dental Assistants31β9092 Medical Assistants31β9093 Medical Equipment Preparers31β9094 Medical Transcriptionists31β9095 Pharmacy Aides31β9096 Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory
Animal Caretakers31β9099 Healthcare Support Workers, All Other
33β0000 Protective Service Occupations33β1000 Supervisors, Protective Service Workers
33β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managers,Law Enforcement Workers33β1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Correctional Officers33β1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police
and Detectives33β1020 First-Line Supervisors/Managers, Fire
Fighting and Prevention Workers33β1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Fire
Fighting and Prevention Workers33β1090 Miscellaneous Supervisors, Protective Service
16
Workers33β1099 Supervisors, Protective Service Workers,All Other
33β2000 Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers33β2010 Fire Fighters
33β2011 Fire Fighters33β2020 Fire Inspectors
33β2021 Fire Inspectors and Investigators33β2022 Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention
Specialists33β3000 Law Enforcement Workers
33β3010 Bailiffs, Correctional Officers, and Jailers33β3011 Bailiffs33β3012 Correctional Officers and Jailers
33β3020 Detectives and Criminal Investigators33β3021 Detectives and Criminal Investigators
33β3030 Fish and Game Wardens33β3031 Fish and Game Wardens
33β3040 Parking Enforcement Workers33β3041 Parking Enforcement Workers
33β3050 Police Officers33β3051 Police and Sheriffβs Patrol Officers33β3052 Transit and Railroad Police
33β9000 Other Protective Service Workers33β9010 Animal Control Workers
33β9011 Animal Control Workers33β9020 Private Detectives and Investigators
33β9021 Private Detectives and Investigators33β9030 Security Guards and Gaming SurveillanceOfficers
33β9031 Gaming Surveillance Officersand Gaming Investigators
33β9032 Security Guards33β9090 Miscellaneous Protective Service Workers
33β9091 Crossing Guards33β9092 Lifeguards, Ski Patrol,
and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers33β9099 Protective Service Workers, All Other
35β0000 Food Preparation and Serving RelatedOccupations
35β1000 Supervisors, Food Preparationand Serving Workers
35β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managers,Food Preparation and Serving Workers
35β1011 Chefs and Head Cooks35β1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers
of Food Preparation and Serving Workers35β2000 Cooks and Food Preparation Workers
35β2010 Cooks35β2011 Cooks, Fast Food35β2012 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria35β2013 Cooks, Private Household35β2014 Cooks, Restaurant35β2015 Cooks, Short Order35β2019 Cooks, All Other
35β2020 Food Preparation Workers35β2021 Food Preparation Workers
35β3000 Food and Beverage Serving Workers35β3010 Bartenders
35β3011 Bartenders35β3020 Fast Food and Counter Workers
35β3021 Combined Food Preparationand Serving Workers, Including Fast Food
35β3022 Counter Attendants, Cafeteria,Food Concession, and Coffee Shop
35β3030 Waiters and Waitresses35β3031 Waiters and Waitresses
35β3040 Food Servers, Nonrestaurant35β3041 Food Servers, Nonrestaurant
35β9000 Other Food Preparation and ServingRelated Workers35β9010 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants
and Bartender Helpers35β9011 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants
and Bartender Helpers35β9020 Dishwashers
35β9021 Dishwashers35β9030 Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge,
and Coffee Shop35β9031 Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant,
Lounge, and Coffee Shop35β9090 Miscellaneous Food Preparation and Serving
Related Workers35β9099 Food Preparation and Serving Related
Workers, All Other
37β0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and MaintenanceOccupations
37β1000 Supervisors, Building and Grounds Cleaningand Maintenance Workers37β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managers, Building
and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Workers37β1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers
of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers37β1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Landscaping, Lawn Service, and GroundskeepingWorkers
37β2000 Building Cleaning and Pest Control Workers37β2010 Building Cleaning Workers
37β2011 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maidsand Housekeeping Cleaners
37β2012 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners37β2019 Building Cleaning Workers, All Other
37β2020 Pest Control Workers37β2021 Pest Control Workers
37β3000 Grounds Maintenance Workers37β3010 Grounds Maintenance Workers
37β3011 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers37β3012 Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers,
and Applicators, Vegetation37β3013 Tree Trimmers and Pruners37β3019 Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other
39β0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations39β1000 Supervisors, Personal Care and Service
Workers39β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managers
of Gaming Workers39β1011 Gaming Supervisors39β1012 Slot Key Persons
39β1020 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Personal Service Workers
39β1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Personal Service Workers
39β2000 Animal Care and Service Workers39β2010 Animal Trainers
17
39β2011 Animal Trainers39β2020 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers
39β2021 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers39β3000 Entertainment Attendants and Related Workers
39β3010 Gaming Services Workers39β3011 Gaming Dealers39β3012 Gaming and Sports Book Writers
and Runners39β3019 Gaming Service Workers, All Other
39β3020 Motion Picture Projectionists39β3021 Motion Picture Projectionists
39β3030 Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers39β3031 Ushers, Lobby Attendants,
and Ticket Takers39β3090 Miscellaneous Entertainment Attendants
and Related Workers39β3091 Amusement and Recreation Attendants39β3092 Costume Attendants39β3093 Locker Room, Coatroom,
and Dressing Room Attendants39β3099 Entertainment Attendants and Related
Workers, All Other39β4000 Funeral Service Workers
39β4010 Embalmers39β4011 Embalmers
39β4020 Funeral Attendants39β4021 Funeral Attendants
39β5000 Personal Appearance Workers39β5010 Barbers and Cosmetologists
39β5011 Barbers39β5012 Hairdressers, Hairstylists,
and Cosmetologists39β5090 Miscellaneous Personal Appearance Workers
39β5091 Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance39β5092 Manicurists and Pedicurists39β5093 Shampooers39β5094 Skin Care Specialists
39β6000 Transportation, Tourism, and LodgingAttendants
39β6010 Baggage Porters, Bellhops, and Concierges39β6011 Baggage Porters and Bellhops39β6012 Concierges
39β6020 Tour and Travel Guides39β6021 Tour Guides and Escorts39β6022 Travel Guides
39β6030 Transportation Attendants39β6031 Flight Attendants39β6032 Transportation Attendants, Except Flight
Attendants and Baggage Porters39β9000 Other Personal Care and Service Workers
39β9010 Child Care Workers39β9011 Child Care Workers
39β9020 Personal and Home Care Aides39β9021 Personal and Home Care Aides
39β9030 Recreation and Fitness Workers39β9031 Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors39β9032 Recreation Workers
39β9040 Residential Advisors39β9041 Residential Advisors
39β9090 Miscellaneous Personal Care and ServiceWorkers
39β9099 Personal Care and Service Workers, All Other
41β0000 Sales and Related Occupations
41β1000 Supervisors, Sales Workers41β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managers,Sales Workers
41β1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of RetailSales Workers
41β1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Non-Retail Sales Workers
41β2000 Retail Sales Workers41β2010 Cashiers
41β2011 Cashiers41β2012 Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers
41β2020 Counter and Rental Clerks and PartsSalespersons
41β2021 Counter and Rental Clerks41β2022 Parts Salespersons
41β2030 Retail Salespersons41β2031 Retail Salespersons
41β3000 Sales Representatives, Services41β3010 Advertising Sales Agents
41β3011 Advertising Sales Agents41β3020 Insurance Sales Agents
41β3021 Insurance Sales Agents41β3030 Securities, Commodities,and Financial Services Sales Agents
41β3031 Securities, Commodities, and FinancialServices Sales Agents
41β3040 Travel Agents41β3041 Travel Agents
41β3090 Miscellaneous Sales Representatives,Services
41β3099 Sales Representatives, Services, All Other41β4000 Sales Representatives, Wholesale
and Manufacturing41β4010 Sales Representatives, Wholesale
and Manufacturing41β4011 Sales Representatives, Wholesale
and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products41β4012 Sales Representatives, Wholesale
and Manufacturing, Except Technicaland Scientific Products
41β9000 Other Sales and Related Workers41β9010 Models, Demonstrators, and Product Promoters
41β9011 Demonstrators and Product Promoters41β9012 Models
41β9020 Real Estate Brokers and Sales Agents41β9021 Real Estate Brokers41β9022 Real Estate Sales Agents
41β9030 Sales Engineers41β9031 Sales Engineers
41β9040 Telemarketers41β9041 Telemarketers
41β9090 Miscellaneous Sales and Related Workers41β9091 Door-To-Door Sales Workers,
News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers41β9099 Sales and Related Workers, All Other
43β0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations43β1000 Supervisors, Office and Administrative
Support Workers43β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Officeand Administrative Support Workers
43β1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Office and Administrative Support Workers
43β2000 Communications Equipment Operators
18
43β2010 Switchboard Operators, Including AnsweringService43β2011 Switchboard Operators, Including Answer-ing Service
43β2020 Telephone Operators43β2021 Telephone Operators
43β2090 Miscellaneous Communications EquipmentOperators
43β2099 Communications Equipment Operators,All Other
43β3000 Financial Clerks43β3010 Bill and Account Collectors
43β3011 Bill and Account Collectors 43β3020 Billing and Posting Clerks
and Machine Operators 43β3021 Billing and Posting Clerks
and Machine Operators 43β3030 Bookkeeping, Accounting,
and Auditing Clerks 43β3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting,
and Auditing Clerks43β3040 Gaming Cage Workers
43β3041 Gaming Cage Workers43β3050 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
43β3051 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks43β3060 Procurement Clerks
43β3061 Procurement Clerks43β3070 Tellers
43β3071 Tellers43β4000 Information and Record Clerks
43β4010 Brokerage Clerks43β4011 Brokerage Clerks
43β4020 Correspondence Clerks43β4021 Correspondence Clerks
43β4030 Court, Municipal, and License Clerks43β4031 Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
43β4040 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks43β4041 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks
43β4050 Customer Service Representatives43β4051 Customer Service Representatives
43β4060 Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs43β4061 Eligibility Interviewers,
Government Programs43β4070 File Clerks
43β4071 File Clerks43β4080 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks
43β4081 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks43β4110 Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan
43β4111 Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan43β4120 Library Assistants, Clerical
43β4121 Library Assistants, Clerical43β4130 Loan Interviewers and Clerks
43β4131 Loan Interviewers and Clerks43β4140 New Accounts Clerks
43β4141 New Accounts Clerks43β4150 Order Clerks
43β4151 Order Clerks43β4160 Human Resources Assistants,
Except Payroll and Timekeeping43β4161 Human Resources Assistants,
Except Payroll and Timekeeping43β4170 Receptionists and Information Clerks
43β4171 Receptionists and Information Clerks43β4180 Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents
and Travel Clerks43β4181 Reservation and Transportation Ticket
Agents and Travel Clerks43β4190 Miscellaneous Information and Record Clerks
43β4199 Information and Record Clerks, All Other43β5000 Material Recording, Scheduling, Dispatching,
and Distributing Workers43β5010 Cargo and Freight Agents
43β5011 Cargo and Freight Agents43β5020 Couriers and Messengers
43β5021 Couriers and Messengers43β5030 Dispatchers
43β5031 Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers43β5032 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire,
and Ambulance43β5040 Meter Readers, Utilities
43β5041 Meter Readers, Utilities43β5050 Postal Service Workers
43β5051 Postal Service Clerks43β5052 Postal Service Mail Carriers43β5053 Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors,
and Processing Machine Operators43β5060 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks
43β5061 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks43β5070 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks
43β5071 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks43β5080 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers
43β5081 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers43β5110 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers,
Recordkeeping43β5111 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers,
and Samplers, Recordkeeping43β6000 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
43β6010 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants43β6011 Executive Secretaries and Administrative
Assistants43β6012 Legal Secretaries43β6013 Medical Secretaries43β6014 Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical,
and Executive43β9000 Other Office and Administrative Support
Workers43β9010 Computer Operators
43β9011 Computer Operators43β9020 Data Entry and Information Processing Workers
43β9021 Data Entry Keyers43β9022 Word Processors and Typists
43β9030 Desktop Publishers43β9031 Desktop Publishers
43β9040 Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks43β9041 Insurance Claims and Policy Processing
Clerks43β9050 Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators,
Except Postal Service43β9051 Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators,
Except Postal Service43β9060 Office Clerks, General
43β9061 Office Clerks, General43β9070 Office Machine Operators, Except Computer
43β9071 Office Machine Operators, Except Computer43β9080 Proofreaders and Copy Markers
43β9081 Proofreaders and Copy Markers43β9110 Statistical Assistants
43β9111 Statistical Assistants
19
43β9190 Miscellaneous Office and AdministrativeSupport Workers
43β9199 Office and Administrative Support Workers,All Other
45β0000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 45β1000 Supervisors, Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
Workers45β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Farming,Fishing, and Forestry Workers
45β1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers
45β2000 Agricultural Workers45β2010 Agricultural Inspectors
45β2011 Agricultural Inspectors45β2020 Animal Breeders
45β2021 Animal Breeders45β2030 Farm Labor Contractors
45β2031 Farm Labor Contractors45β2040 Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products
45β2041 Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products45β2090 Miscellaneous Agricultural Workers
45β2091 Agricultural Equipment Operators45β2092 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop,
Nursery, and Greenhouse45β2093 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch Animals45β2099 Agricultural Workers, All Other
45β3000 Fishing and Hunting Workers45β3010 Fishers and Related Fishing Workers
45β3011 Fishers and Related Fishing Workers45β3020 Hunters and Trappers
45β3021 Hunters and Trappers45β4000 Forest, Conservation, and LoggingWorkers
45β4010 Forest and Conservation Workers45β4011 Forest and Conservation Workers
45β4020 Logging Workers45β4021 Fallers45β4022 Logging Equipment Operators45β4023 Log Graders and Scalers45β4029 Logging Workers, All Other
45β9000 Other Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers45β9090 Miscellaneous Farming, Fishing,and Forestry Workers
45β9099 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers,All Other
47β0000 Construction and Extraction Occupations47β1000 Supervisors, Construction and ExtractionWorkers
47β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
47β1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
47β2000 Construction Trades Workers47β2010 Boilermakers
47β2011 Boilermakers47β2020 Brickmasons, Blockmasons, and Stonemasons
47β2021 Brickmasons and Blockmasons47β2022 Stonemasons
47β2030 Carpenters47β2031 Carpenters
47β2040 Carpet, Floor, and Tile Installers and Finishers
47β2041 Carpet Installers47β2042 Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood,
and Hard Tiles47β2043 Floor Sanders and Finishers47β2044 Tile and Marble Setters
47β2050 Cement Masons, Concrete Finishers,and Terrazzo Workers
47β2051 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers47β2053 Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
47β2060 Construction Laborers47β2061 Construction Laborers
47β2070 Construction Equipment Operators47β2071 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment
Operators47β2072 Pile-Driver Operators47β2073 Operating Engineers and Other Construction
Equipment Operators47β2080 Drywall Installers, Ceiling Tile Installers,and Tapers
47β2081 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers47β2082 Tapers
47β2110 Electricians47β2111 Electricians
47β2120 Glaziers47β2121 Glaziers
47β2130 Insulation Workers47β2131 Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall47β2132 Insulation Workers, Mechanical
47β2140 Painters and Paperhangers47β2141 Painters, Construction and Maintenance47β2142 Paperhangers
47β2150 Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, andSteamfitters47β2151 Pipelayers47β2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
47β2160 Plasterers and Stucco Masons 47β2161 Plasterers and Stucco Masons
47β2170 Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers47β2171 Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers
47β2180 Roofers47β2181 Roofers
47β2210 Sheet Metal Workers47β2211 Sheet Metal Workers
47β2220 Structural Iron and Steel Workers47β2221 Structural Iron and Steel Workers
47β3000 Helpers, Construction Trades47β3010 Helpers, Construction Trades
47β3011 HelpersβBrickmasons, Blockmasons,Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
47β3012 HelpersβCarpenters47β3013 HelpersβElectricians47β3014 HelpersβPainters, Paperhangers, Plasterers,
and Stucco Masons47β3015 HelpersβPipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters,
and Steamfitters47β3016 HelpersβRoofers47β3019 Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other
47β4000 Other Construction and Related Workers47β4010 Construction and Building Inspectors
47β4011 Construction and Building Inspectors47β4020 Elevator Installers and Repairers
47β4021 Elevator Installers and Repairers47β4030 Fence Erectors
47β4031 Fence Erectors
20
47β4040 Hazardous Materials Removal Workers47β4041 Hazardous Materials Removal Workers
47β4050 Highway Maintenance Workers47β4051 Highway Maintenance Workers
47β4060 Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance EquipmentOperators47β4061 Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance
Equipment Operators47β4070 Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners
47β4071 Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer PipeCleaners
47β4090 Miscellaneous Construction and RelatedWorkers
47β4091 Segmental Pavers47β4099 Construction and Related Workers, All Other
47β5000 Extraction Workers47β5010 Derrick, Rotary Drill, and Service UnitOperators, Oil, Gas, and Mining
47β5011 Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas47β5012 Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas47β5013 Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas,and Mining
47β5020 Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas47β5021 Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas
47β5030 Explosives Workers, Ordnance HandlingExperts, and Blasters
47β5031 Explosives Workers, Ordnance HandlingExperts, and Blasters
47β5040 Mining Machine Operators47β5041 Continuous Mining Machine Operators47β5042 Mine Cutting and Channeling Machine
Operators47β5049 Mining Machine Operators, All Other
47β5050 Rock Splitters, Quarry47β5051 Rock Splitters, Quarry
47β5060 Roof Bolters, Mining47β5061 Roof Bolters, Mining
47β5070 Roustabouts, Oil and Gas47β5071 Roustabouts, Oil and Gas
47β5080 HelpersβExtraction Workers47β5081 HelpersβExtraction Workers
47β5090 Miscellaneous Extraction Workers47β5099 Extraction Workers, All Other
49β0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations49β1000 Supervisors of Installation, Maintenance,
and Repair Workers49β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Mechanics,Installers, and Repairers
49β1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
49β2000 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Mechanics,Installers, and Repairers
49β2010 Computer, Automated Teller, and OfficeMachine Repairers
49β2011 Computer, Automated Teller, and OfficeMachine Repairers
49β2020 Radio and Telecommunications EquipmentInstallers and Repairers
49β2021 Radio Mechanics49β2022 Telecommunications Equipment Installers
and Repairers, Except Line Installers49β2090 Miscellaneous Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers49β2091 Avionics Technicians49β2092 Electric Motor, Power Tool,
and Related Repairers49β2093 Electrical and Electronics Installers
and Repairers, Transportation Equipment49β2094 Electrical and Electronics Repairers,
Commercial and Industrial Equipment49β2095 Electrical and Electronics Repairers,
Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay49β2096 Electronic Equipment Installers
and Repairers, Motor Vehicles 49β2097 Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment
Installers and Repairers49β2098 Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers
49β3000 Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Mechanics,Installers, and Repairers49β3010 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians
49β3011 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians49β3020 Automotive Technicians and Repairers
49β3021 Automotive Body and Related Repairers49β3022 Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers49β3023 Automotive Service Technicians
and Mechanics49β3030 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine
Specialists49β3031 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine
Specialists49β3040 Heavy Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Service
Technicians and Mechanics49β3041 Farm Equipment Mechanics49β3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics,
Except Engines49β3043 Rail Car Repairers
49β3050 Small Engine Mechanics49β3051 Motorboat Mechanics49β3052 Motorcycle Mechanics49β3053 Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small
Engine Mechanics49β3090 Miscellaneous Vehicle and Mobile Equipment
Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers49β3091 Bicycle Repairers49β3092 Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians49β3093 Tire Repairers and Changers
49β9000 Other Installation, Maintenance,and Repair Occupations49β9010 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers
49β9011 Mechanical Door Repairers49β9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers,
Except Mechanical Door49β9020 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration
Mechanics and Installers49β9021 Heating, Air Conditioning,
and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers49β9030 Home Appliance Repairers
49β9031 Home Appliance Repairers49β9040 Industrial Machinery Installation, Repair,
and Maintenance Workers49β9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics49β9042 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General49β9043 Maintenance Workers, Machinery49β9044 Millwrights49β9045 Refractory Materials Repairers, Except
Brickmasons
21
49β9050 Line Installers and Repairers49β9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers
and Repairers49β9052 Telecommunications Line Installers and
Repairers49β9060 Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers
49β9061 Camera and Photographic EquipmentRepairers
49β9062 Medical Equipment Repairers49β9063 Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners49β9064 Watch Repairers49β9069 Precision Instrument and Equipment
Repairers, All Other49β9090 Miscellaneous Installation, Maintenance,and Repair Workers
49β9091 Coin, Vending, and Amusement MachineServicers and Repairers
49β9092 Commercial Divers49β9093 Fabric Menders, Except Garment49β9094 Locksmiths and Safe Repairers49β9095 Manufactured Building and Mobile Home
Installers49β9096 Riggers49β9097 Signal and Track Switch Repairers49β9098 HelpersβInstallation, Maintenance,
and Repair Workers49β9099 Installation, Maintenance,
and Repair Workers, All Other
51β0000 Production Occupations51β1000 Supervisors, Production Workers
51β1010 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Production and Operating Workers
51β1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Production and Operating Workers
51β2000 Assemblers and Fabricators51β2010 Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging,and Systems Assemblers
51β2011 Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging,and Systems Assemblers
51β2020 Electrical, Electronics, and ElectromechanicalAssemblers
51β2021 Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers51β2022 Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Assemblers51β2023 Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers
51β2030 Engine and Other Machine Assemblers51β2031 Engine and Other Machine Assemblers
51β2040 Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters51β2041 Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters
51β2090 Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators51β2091 Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators51β2092 Team Assemblers51β2093 Timing Device Assemblers, Adjusters,
and Calibrators51β2099 Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other
51β3000 Food Processing Workers51β3010 Bakers
51β3011 Bakers51β3020 Butchers and Other Meat, Poultry,and Fish Processing Workers
51β3021 Butchers and Meat Cutters51β3022 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters
and Trimmers
51β3023 Slaughterers and Meat Packers51β3090 Miscellaneous Food Processing Workers
51β3091 Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking,and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders
51β3092 Food Batchmakers51β3093 Food Cooking Machine Operators
and Tenders51β4000 Metal Workers and Plastic Workers
51β4010 Computer Control Programmers and Operators51β4011 Computer-Controlled Machine Tool
Operators, Metal and Plastic51β4012 Numerical Tool and Process Control
Programmers51β4020 Forming Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4021 Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4022 Forging Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4023 Rolling Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4030 Machine Tool Cutting Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4031 Cutting, Punching, and Press MachineSetters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4032 Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4033 Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and BuffingMachine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders,Metal and Plastic
51β4034 Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4035 Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4040 Machinists51β4041 Machinists
51β4050 Metal Furnace and Kiln Operators and Tenders51β4051 Metal-Refining Furnace Operators
and Tenders51β4052 Pourers and Casters, Metal
51β4060 Model Makers and Patternmakers,Metal and Plastic
51β4061 Model Makers, Metal and Plastic51β4062 Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic
51β4070 Molders and Molding Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4071 Foundry Mold and Coremakers51β4072 Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine
Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic51β4080 Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4081 Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4110 Tool and Die Makers 51β4111 Tool and Die Makers
51β4120 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Workers51β4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers51β4122 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine
Setters, Operators, and Tenders51β4190 Miscellaneous Metalworkers
and Plastic Workers51β4191 Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators,
and Tenders, Metal and Plastic51β4192 Lay-Out Workers, Metal and Plastic
22
51β4193 Plating and Coating Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
51β4194 Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners51β4199 Metalworkers and Plastic Workers, All Other
51β5000 Printing Workers51β5010 Bookbinders and Bindery Workers
51β5011 Bindery Workers51β5012 Bookbinders
51β5020 Printers51β5021 Job Printers51β5022 Prepress Technicians and Workers51β5023 Printing Machine Operators
51β6000 Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers51β6010 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers
51β6011 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers51β6020 Pressers, Textile, Garment,
and Related Materials51β6021 Pressers, Textile, Garment,
and Related Materials51β6030 Sewing Machine Operators
51β6031 Sewing Machine Operators51β6040 Shoe and Leather Workers
51β6041 Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers51β6042 Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders
51β6050 Tailors, Dressmakers, and Sewers51β6051 Sewers, Hand51β6052 Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers
51β6060 Textile Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders51β6061 Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine
Operators and Tenders51β6062 Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators,
and Tenders51β6063 Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine
Setters, Operators, and Tenders51β6064 Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders51β6090 Miscellaneous Textile, Apparel, and FurnishingsWorker
51β6091 Extruding and Forming Machine Setters,Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers
51β6092 Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers 51β6093 Upholsterers 51β6099 Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings
Workers, All Other51β7000 Woodworkers
51β7010 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters51β7011 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters
51β7020 Furniture Finishers51β7021 Furniture Finishers
51β7030 Model Makers and Patternmakers, Wood51β7031 Model Makers, Wood51β7032 Patternmakers, Wood
51β7040 Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders
51β7041 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Wood
51β7042 Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders, Except Sawing
51β7090 Miscellaneous Woodworkers51β7099 Woodworkers, All Other
51β8000 Plant and System Operators51β8010 Power Plant Operators, Distributors,and Dispatchers
51β8011 Nuclear Power Reactor Operators
51β8012 Power Distributors and Dispatchers51β8013 Power Plant Operators
51β8020 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators51β8021 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators
51β8030 Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plantand System Operators
51β8031 Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plantand System Operators
51β8090 Miscellaneous Plant and System Operators51β8091 Chemical Plant and System Operators51β8092 Gas Plant Operators51β8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators,
Refinery Operators, and Gaugers51β8099 Plant and System Operators, All Other
51β9000 Other Production Occupations51β9010 Chemical Processing Machine Setters,
Operators, and Tenders51β9011 Chemical Equipment Operators
and Tenders51β9012 Separating, Filtering, Clarifying,
Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators,and Tenders
51β9020 Crushing, Grinding, Polishing, Mixing,and Blending Workers
51β9021 Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing MachineSetters, Operators, and Tenders
51β9022 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand51β9023 Mixing and Blending Machine Setters,
Operators, and Tenders51β9030 Cutting Workers
51β9031 Cutters and Trimmers, Hand51β9032 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters,
Operators, and Tenders51β9040 Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders51β9041 Extruding, Forming, Pressing,
and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
51β9050 Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and KettleOperators and Tenders
51β9051 Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and KettleOperators and Tenders
51β9060 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers,and Weighers
51β9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers,and Weighers
51β9070 Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers51β9071 Jewelers and Precious Stone
and Metal Workers51β9080 Medical, Dental, and Ophthalmic Laboratory
Technicians51β9081 Dental Laboratory Technicians51β9082 Medical Appliance Technicians51β9083 Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians
51β9110 Packaging and Filling Machine Operatorsand Tenders
51β9111 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators andTenders
51β9120 Painting Workers51β9121 Coating, Painting, and Spraying
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders51β9122 Painters, Transportation Equipment51β9123 Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers
51β9130 Photographic Process Workers and Processing
23
Machine Operators51β9131 Photographic Process Workers51β9132 Photographic Processing Machine Operators
51β9140 Semiconductor Processors51β9141 Semiconductor Processors
51β9190 Miscellaneous Production Workers51β9191 Cementing and Gluing Machine Operators
and Tenders51β9192 Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling
Equipment Operators and Tenders51β9193 Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators
and Tenders51β9194 Etchers and Engravers51β9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal
and Plastic51β9196 Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators,
and Tenders51β9197 Tire Builders51β9198 HelpersβProduction Workers51β9199 Production Workers, All Other
53β0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations53β1000 Supervisors, Transportation and MaterialMoving Workers
53β1010 Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors53β1011 Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors
53β1020 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers,Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand
53β1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers,Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand
53β1030 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators
53β1031 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Transportation and Material-Moving Machine
and Vehicle Operators53-2000 Air Transportation Workers
53β2010 Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers53β2011 Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers53β2012 Commercial Pilots
53β2020 Air Traffic Controllers and Airfield OperationsSpecialists
53β2021 Air Traffic Controllers53β2022 Airfield Operations Specialists
53β3000 Motor Vehicle Operators53β3010 Ambulance Drivers and Attendants,Except Emergency Medical Technicians
53β3011 Ambulance Drivers and Attendants,Except Emergency Medical Technicians
53β3020 Bus Drivers53β3021 Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity53β3022 Bus Drivers, School
53β3030 Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers53β3031 Driver/Sales Workers53β3032 Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer53β3033 Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services
53β3040 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs53β3041 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs
53β3090 Miscellaneous Motor Vehicle Operators53β3099 Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other
53β4000 Rail Transportation Workers53β4010 Locomotive Engineers and Operators
53β4011 Locomotive Engineers53β4012 Locomotive Firers
53β4013 Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators,and Hostlers
53β4020 Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators53β4021 Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch
Operators53β4030 Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters
53β4031 Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters53β4040 Subway and Streetcar Operators
53β4041 Subway and Streetcar Operators53β4090 Miscellaneous Rail Transportation Workers
53β4099 Rail Transportation Workers, All Other53β5000 Water Transportation Workers
53β5010 Sailors and Marine Oilers53β5011 Sailors and Marine Oilers
53β5020 Ship and Boat Captains and Operators53β5021 Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels53β5022 Motorboat Operators
53β5030 Ship Engineers53β5031 Ship Engineers
53β6000 Other Transportation Workers53β6010 Bridge and Lock Tenders
53β6011 Bridge and Lock Tenders53β6020 Parking Lot Attendants
53β6021 Parking Lot Attendants53β6030 Service Station Attendants
53β6031 Service Station Attendants53β6040 Traffic Technicians
53β6041 Traffic Technicians53β6050 Transportation Inspectors
53β6051 Transportation Inspectors53β6090 Miscellaneous Transportation Workers
53β6099 Transportation Workers, All Other53β7000 Material Moving Workers
53β7010 Conveyor Operators and Tenders53β7011 Conveyor Operators and Tenders
53β7020 Crane and Tower Operators53β7021 Crane and Tower Operators
53β7030 Dredge, Excavating, and Loading MachineOperators
53β7031 Dredge Operators53β7032 Excavating and Loading Machine
and Dragline Operators53β7033 Loading Machine Operators,
Underground Mining53β7040 Hoist and Winch Operators
53β7041 Hoist and Winch Operators53β7050 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators
53β7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators53β7060 Laborers and Material Movers, Hand
53β7061 Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment53β7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock,
and Material Movers, Hand53β7063 Machine Feeders and Offbearers53β7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand
53β7070 Pumping Station Operators53β7071 Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping
Station Operators53β7072 Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers53β7073 Wellhead Pumpers
53β7080 Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors53β7081 Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors
53β7110 Shuttle Car Operators53β7111 Shuttle Car Operators
53β7120 Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders
24
53β7121 Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders53β7190 Miscellaneous Material Moving Workers
53β7199 Material Moving Workers, All Other
55β0000 Military Specific Occupations55β1000 Military Officer Special and Tactical Operations
Leaders/Managers55β1010 Military Officer Special and Tactical OperationsLeaders/Managers
55β1011 Air Crew Officers55β1012 Aircraft Launch and Recovery Officers55β1013 Armored Assault Vehicle Officers55β1014 Artillery and Missile Officers55β1015 Command and Control Center Officers55β1016 Infantry Officers55β1017 Special Forces Officers55β1019 Military Officer Special and Tactical
Operations Leaders/Managers, All Other55β2000 First-Line Enlisted Military Supervisor/
Managers55β2010 First-Line Enlisted Military Supervisors/Managers
55β2011 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Air Crew Members
55β2012 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof Weapons Specialists/Crew Members
55β2013 First-Line Supervisors/Managersof All Other Tactical OperationsSpecialists
55β3000 Military Enlisted Tactical Operations and Air/Weapons Specialists and Crew Members55β3010 Military Enlisted Tactical Operations
and Air/Weapons Specialists and Crew Members55β3011 Air Crew Members55β3012 Aircraft Launch and Recovery Specialists55β3013 Armored Assault Vehicle Crew Members55β3014 Artillery and Missile Crew Members55β3015 Command and Control Center Specialists55β3016 Infantry55β3017 Radar and Sonar Technicians55β3018 Special Forces55β3019 Military Enlisted Tactical Operations
and Air/Weapons Specialists and Crew Members,All Other