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Revision of the Genus Pandanus Stickman, Part 9Three New Pandanus Species from Queensland, Australia
HAROLD ST. JOHNl
Pandanus gemmiferus sp. nov. (sect. Austral-. ibrassia)
Figs. 47-52
DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Arbor 8 m. alta 15em. diametro, cortice brunneo sublaeve in arboribus veteribus aliquando gemmiferis sedramis omnibus plerumque infra foWs helicestribus 6-8 gemmarum, deinde post 6-,..7 nodaset cicatricem pedunculi helices tribus revers~s
in gemmis cum 'iJ.--15 foli~s ad 3-7.em. longlssubintegris ferrentibus, demde post mterv~llam
helices tribus etiam reversis gemmae follosaecum circa 43 foliis exterioribus bracteosis sedinterioribus 25-45 em. longis 4.6-6.4 mm. latisad basem inermibus circa mediam marginibuscum aculeis 0.8-1 mm. longis 2-9 mm. distantibus subulatis luteis, foliis principalibus 2.262.30 m. longis 5 em. latis coriaceis supra rotundato-sulcatis marginibus subrevolutis plerum-
. que 4.5 em. latis ligulatis sed in quarto superosensim diminuentibus ad apicem subulatam eo3 mm. lato in regione 10 em. ex apice basiamplexicauli integri et inerme per 11-13 em.,proxima basi marginibus cum aculeis 1.5-2 mn:.longis 3-10 mm. distantibus val~e s~bulatls
ads cende n t ibus apicibus brunnels, midnervoproximo inermi, in sectioni mediali mar~inib~s
cum aculeis 1.5-2 mm. longis 3-6 mm. distantlbus subulatis adpressi-ascendentibus, midnervoinfra cum aculeis 1.5 mm. longis 13-55 mm.distantibus tenuiter subulatis adscendentibusadpressis, circa apicem marginibus et midnervoinfra cum serrulis 0.3-0.5 mm. longis 1.5-3 mm.distantibus, pedunculo terminali 50 em. longo2 em. diamerro cernuo folioso, syncarpio 25 em.longo 18 em. diametro cylindrico rubro, phalangibus 5-5.6 em. longis 4-4.4 em. latis 3.43.7 em. crassis obovoideo-subglobosis subcompressis 4-5-angulosis lateribus laevibus lucidis
1 B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu 17, Hawaii,U.S.A. Manuscript received October 17, 1960.
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subconvexis, parte 3/5 supera libera apicerotundato, regione stigmatis 12-15 mm. latisconcavis, suturis lateralibus nullis, sinibus apicalibus centralibus 2 mm. profundis angustis,carpellis 13-17, apicibus congregatis angustepyramidalibus marginalibus obliquis inflexis ettruncatis, stigmatibus 1.5-2 mm. longis cordatisvel deltoideis nigris papillosis verticalibus centripetalibus, sinibus proximalibus Y2 ad fondamextentis, endocarpio mediali solido mahoganibrunneo latere interiori lucido lateribus exterioribus 4-5 mm. crassis, seminibus 13-15 mm.longis 3-4 mm. diametro fusiformibus, mesocarpio apicali cavernoso fibrosoque et cum membranis medullosis, mesocarpio basali fibroso etcarnoso.
DESCRIPTION OF ALL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Tree 8 m. tall, 15 em. in diameter; bark brown,rather smooth, but with remote, low, roundedwarts, on old trunks rarely bearing a few adventitious shoots; most branches bearing below theterminal plume of leaves three spirals of green,flattened, scaly, axillary buds, 6-8 in a series,then after an interval of 6-7 nodes and a peduncle scar, the spiral series of buds resume but inreverse direction, these buds having developedinto leafy sprouts with 6-15 leaves, the innerones the largest, 3-7 em. long, 3-4 mm. wide,linear lanceolate, coriaceous, mostly entire butnear the apex the margins and midrib belowserrulate' then after a similar interval of barenodes and a peduncle scar, there is found a thirdseries of 6-9 axillary sprouts, of about 43 leaves,the outer lanceolate scale-leaves, the inner andyounger ones 25-45 em. long, 4-11.5 mm. wide,near the base unarmed, at the middle the margins only with ascending prickles 0.8-1 mm.long, 2-9 mm. apart, subulate, yellowish; nearthe apex the margins and midrib below withascending prickles 0.4-0.5 mm. long, 1-3 mm.apart, subulate, pale but with brownish tips,these oldest sprouts being mature are detached
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FIG. 47. Pandanus gemmiferus St. John, from St. fohn 26,276. A branch with three series of adventitiousbuds in reversing spirals, X 41/100.
scm..
oI
• f~--._----..........._...~--5I
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•e
FIG. 48. Pandanus gemmiferus St. John, from the holotype. a, Phalange, lateral view, X 1; b, phalange,longitudinal median section, X 1; C, phalange, apical view, X 1; d, carpel apices and stigmas, oblique view,X 4; e, leaf, lower side near base, XI; f, leaf middle, lower side, XI; g, leaf apex, lower side, X 1.
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at a touch or blow, fall to the ground wherethey readily take root; leaves 1.69-2.30 m. long,5-5.7 em. wide, coriaceous, above with a broad,half-rounded, central furrow and slightly revolute sides, the blade about 4.5 em. wide formost of its length, ligulate, but in the apicalquarter gradually tapering to the long subulateapex which 10 em. down is 3 mm. wide, thebase amplexicaul, unarmed and entire for 11-13em.; near the base the margins with prickles1.5-4 mm. long, 3-10 mm. apart, stout subulate,ascending, brown tipped; nearby midribunarmed and so almost to middle; at midsectionthe margins with prickles 1.5-3 mm. long, 3-6mm. apart, subulate, appressed ascending; themidrib below with prickles 1.5 mm. long, 1355 mm. apart, slender subulate, ascending, flatappressed; near the apex the margins and midrib below with serrulations 0.3-0.5 mm. long,1.5-3 mm. apart; the almost basal leaves ofyoung vigorous plants 2.35 m. long, 6.5 em.wide, almost tei the base the midrib below withprickles 3-4.5 mm. long, 6-15 mm. apart, stoutsubulate, arcuate, reflexed; at midsection themidrib below with prickles 2-3 mm. long, 411 mm. apart, ascending; and the tip 10 em.down 1.5 mm. wide, but in other details thejuvenile leaves similar to the others; peduncleterminal, 50 em. long, 2 em. in diameter, nodding, leafy bracted; syncarp observed in 1951to be 23-25 em. long, 10-18 em. in diameter,with many persistent leafy bracts, cylindric, red,the core 3-sided, the rind fibrous, firm and persistent, the center soft and evanescent; phalanges4.2-5.6 em. long, 3.2-4.4 em. wide, 2.9-3.7 em.thick, obovoid-subglobose, slightly compressed,4-5-sided, the sides smooth, shining, gently convex, upper 3/5 free, apex rounded to the stigmatic cluster which is 12-15 mm. wide andconcave; lateral sutures none; apical centralsinuses narrow, 2 mm. deep from the base ofthe stigma (3-4 mm. from its apex); carpels13-17, their apices crowded, narrow pyramidal,the marginal ones oblique, inflexed, and truncate; stigmas 1.5-2 mm. long, cordate to deltoid,black, papillose, on the proximal face of theapex, vertical and centripetal, the proximalcrease running about half-way to the valley bottom; endocarp median, massive, mahoganybrown, the inner surface shining, the lateral
FIG. 49. Pandanus gemmiferus St. John, from St.fohn 26,276. Base of trunk and prop roots.
walls 4-5 mm. thick; seeds 13-15 mm. long,3-4 mm. in diameter, fusiform; apical mesocarpcavernous, traversed by strong fibers and withmedullary membranes; basal mesocarp fibrousand fleshy.
HOLOTYPUS: Australia, North Queensland,Cairns, Fresh Water Creek, moist forest bystream, near intake, 500 ft. alt., Jan. 29, 1958,H. St. fohn 26,238 (BISH).
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Australia, NorthQueensland, Cairns Intake, Freshwater Creek,Nov. 18, 1953, H. Flecker 14,558 (Herb. NorthQueensland Nat. Hist. Club); Lake Eacham, 4miles N. W. of Yungaburra, rain forest by lakeshore, with Brassaia actinophylla, Mallotus,Blepharicarya, and Freycinetia, 2,450 ft. alt.,Feb. 11, 1958, H. St. fohn 26,276 and 26,276A(BISH) .
DISCUSSION: P. gemmiferus is a member ofthe section Australibrassia and in that groupfinds its closest relative, P. conicus St. John of
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Queensland. This species has its phalanges 66.2 cm. long, 4-4.5 cm. wide, upper half free;carpels 12-14; stigmas 2-3 mm. long; blades2.7-3.25 m. long, 4.4 cm. wide, the apex 1 mm.wide at the point 10 cm. down; bark of thetrunk with stout, upturned prickles; and thetree not bearing active, axillary shoots. On theother hand, P. gemmiferus has the phalanges3.2-4.4 cm. long, 2.9-3.7 cm. wide, the upper3/5 free; carpels 13-17; stigmas 3-4 mm. long;blades 1.69'-2.30 m. long, 5-5.7 cm. wide, theapex 3 mm. wide at the point 10 cm. down;bark of the trunk smooth but with low, roundedwarts; and the tree with abundant, leafy, axillaryshoots.
This is a very remarkable species. It, likeP. reversispiralis St. John of Vietnam, has aphyllotaxy of three spirals, reversing directionfollowing. each peduncle. However, unlike thatAsiatic species, P. gemmiferus has active axil-
FIG. 50. Pandanus gemmiferus St. John, from St.John 26,276. Main trunks with masses of adventitious,leafy buds.
PAOFIC SOENCE, Vol. XVI, January 1962
lary, adventitious buds. The youngest spirals ofsix to eight buds are mere, flattened, scaly things.The second have grown to leafy shoots, theinner and largest leaves of which are 3-7 cm.long. The third are of vigorous, leafy shoots,each with about 43 leaves, the largest of whichare 25-45 cm. long. At a blow or even a touchthese fall to the ground where they may takeroot and start new plants. At Lake Eacham theground under the Pandanus trees was carpetedby fallen, axillary shoots, rooting and growingvigorously. So far as known, this is the firstspecies in the genus with gemmipary and activevegetative propagation.
The new epithet is from the Latin, gemma,a bud; fero, to produce; in reference to thespectacular production of lateral, leafy buds.
Pandanus kurandaensis sp. nov. (sect. Panda-nus)
Figs. 53-55
DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Arbor 10 m. alta 20cm. diametro, cortice trunci et radicorum fulturosorum cum radicillis adpresse adscendentibus 2-4 cm. longis et furcatis obtectis, radicibus fulturosis 5 dm. longis 3 cm. diametro, lignotrunci pallidi duri, foliis 1.41-1.91 m. longis7-8 cm. lads coriaceis supra in media sulcatisligulatis sensim ex basi in apice subulato diminuentibus eo in puncto 10 cm. ex apice 3-3.5mm. lato, basi per 17-20 cm. inermi mm marginibus cum aculeis 2-3 mm. longis 3-7 mm.distantibus subulatis adscendentibus brunneis,midnervo infra fere ad mediam inermi, in sectione mediali marginibus cum aculeis 1.2-1.5mm. longis 4-11 mm. distantibus adpresse adscendentibus, midnervo infra cum aculeis simulantibus et 11-19 mm. distamibus, circa apicemmarginibus cum aculeis 0.2-0.3 mm. longis 1.53 mm. distantibus divergentibus crasse subulatis brunneis, midnervo infra cum aculeis 0.50.8 mm. longis 5-10 mm. distantibus subulatisadscendentibus, syncarpio 12-14 cm. longoovoideo, phalangibus 4.5-5.3 cm. longis 2.4-3.8cm. latis 2.5-3 cm. crassis apparente rubriscuneatis apice late truncatis vel subconvexismultiangulosis, lateribus cum angulis secundariis multis dense papillosis, parte Y2 superalibera, suturis lateralibus distinctis sed angustis,sinibus centralibus apicalibus 6-8 mm. pro-
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FIG. 51. Pandanus gemmiferus St. John, from St.fohn 26,276. A btanch with the adventitious, leafybuds, held by the forester, Edward Volk.
fundis, carpellis 8-13 apicibus adscendentibussed minime divergentibus eis marginalibus anguste conicis et cum plana oblique truncataparva terminali ad stigmatem vicini vel earnpraecipitanti, eis centralibus lanceoloideis acutis, stigmatibus 1-2 mm. longis ovalibus sulcatisnigris papillosis centripetalibus obliquis velverticalibus, sutura proximaIi ad fondam extenta,endocarpio mediali mahogani-colorato osseososolido marginibus lateralibus 2.5-3 mm. crassis,seminibus 14-17 mm. longis 3 mm. diametroanguste ellipsoideis, mesocarpio apicali in carpella quaque cavernoso cum fibris paucis etmembranis medullosis, mesocarpio basali fibrosoet carnoso.
DESCRIPTION OF ALL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Tree 10 m. tall, 20 em. in diameter; bark oftrunk and prop roots shaggy with appressedascending rootlets 2-4 em. long and branching;prop roots 5 em. long, 3 em. in diameter; wood
pale, dense and hard; leaves 1.41-1.91 m. long,7-8 em. wide, coriaceous, above with a medianfurrow, ligulate, gradually tapering from thebase into deltoid subulate apex which 10 em.down is 3-3.5 mm. wide, near the base beginning 17-20 em. up the margins with prickles2-3 mm. long, 3-7 mm. apart, subulate, ascending, brown; the midrib below unarmed almostto the middle; at the midsection the marginswith prickles 1.2-1.5 mm. long, 4-11 rom.apart, appressed ascending; the midrib belowwith similar prickles 11-19 mm. apart; nearthe apex the margins with prickles 0.2-0.3 mm.long, 1.5-3 mm. apart, divergent, stout subulate,brown; the midrib below with prickles 0.50.8 mm. long, 5-10 mm. apart, subulate, ascending; syncarp 12~14 em. long, ovoid; phalanges 4.5-5.3 em. long, 2.4-3.8 em. wide, 2.53 em. thick, apparently reddish, cuneate, theapex broad truncate or perceptibly curved,
FIG. 52. Pandanus gemmiferus St. John, from St.fohn 26,276. A branch showing the three reversingspirals of adventitious buds.
80
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o
FIG. 53. Pandanm kurandaensis St. John, from theholotype. lateral view of trunk, showing bark andappressed ascending adventitious rootlets, X 1.
many-angled, the sides with many secondaryangles, closely papillose, upper lf2 free, lateralsutures distinct but narrow; apical central sinuses 6-8 mm. deep; carpels 8-13, the apicesascending but slightly diverging, the outer narrowly conic with a small terminal oblique truncate plane leading to and often projecting overthe stigma, the central ones lanceoloid, acute;
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XVI, January 1962
stigmas 1-2 mm. long, oval, creased, blackish,papillose, centripetal, oblique or vertical, exposed on the proximal face or below the apicaltooth; proximal crease extending to valley bottom; endocarp median, mahogany-colored, bony,massive, the lateral margins 2.5-3 mm. thick;seeds 14-17 mm.long, 3 mm. in diameter, narrowly ellipsoid; apical mesocarp forming ineach carpel a cavern with a few longitudinalfibers and delicate medullary membranes; basalmesocarp fibrous and fleshy. Staminate trees similar to the pistillate; trunk 13 m. tall, 24 em.in diameter; crown widely branched; bark oftrunk and prop roots with many appressed ascending rootlets; leaves 1.75-1.89 m. long, 66.5 em. wide, ligulate, coriaceous, above furrowed and in section M-shaped, gradually tapering from near the base to the long subulate apexabout 30 em. long and 10 em. down only 1 mm.wide, the base amplexicaul, entire, and the margins unarmed for 23-43 em., the lowest marginal prickles 1-1.9 mm. long, 5-10 mm. apart,heavy based, arcuate, ascending, subulate, pale;the midrib unarmed, at the midsection the margins with prickles 1-1.7 mm. long, 2-32 mm.apart, subulate, appressed ascending, brown tipped; the nearby midrib unarmed; near the apexthe margins with serrae 0.2-0.5 mm. long, 25 mm. apart, subulate tipped; the nearby midrib below with similar serrae but these 3-6mm. apart; staminate inflorescences terminal,nodding, 1 m. long, leafy bracted; peduncle 1417 em. long, 7-8 mm. in diameter, fleshy; lowerbracts 90-95 em. long, 4.8-5 em. wide, thelower third slightly expanded and pale, the restfoliaceous, narrowing to the long subulate tip;median bracts 23 em. long, 3 em. wide, lanceolate, coriaceous but white; flowering part ofspike 30 em. long, bearing 15-20 lateral racemes, these 4-10 em. long, 3 em. in diameter,cylindric, densely flowered; stamens 10-20 inracemes, the fused axis 5-7 mm. long; free filament tips 1-2 mm.long; anthers 2-3 mm.long,bearing terminal subulate connective prolongation 0.4-0.6 mm. long.
HOLOTYPUS: Australia, North Queensland,Davies Creek, 12 miles W. of Kuranda, fringingforest by stream, with Tristania laurina, andEucalyptus tereticornis, 1,270 ft. alt., Feb. 10,1958, H. St. fohn 26,271 (BISH).
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,~
, It
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,
,
,,
- e-oI
10 em..J
FIG. 54. Pandanus kurandaensis St. John, from the holotype. a, Phalange, lateral view, X 1; b, phalange,longitudinal median section, Xl; c, phalange, apical view, Xl; d, carpel apices and stigmas, oblique view,X 4; e, leaf base, lower side, X 1; f, leaf middle, lower side, X 1; g, leaf apex, lower side, X 1.
o
o scm.J.' ......__....J. J-__--'-__--ll
FIG. 55. Pandanus kurandaensis St. John, from St. John 26,272. a, Column of stamens, X 10; b, leaf base,lower side, XI; c, leaf middle, lower side, XI; d, leaf apex, lower side, XL
Page 89: Revision of Pandanus, 9. Queensland-ST. JOHN 83
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Australia, NorthQueensland, 12 miles W. of Kuranda, fringingforest by stream, staminate tree growing withthe pistillate ones, 1,270 ft. alt., Feb. 10, 1958,H. St. John 26,272 (BISH).
DISCUSSION: P. kurandaensis is a member ofthe section Pandanus. Its only close relativeseems to be represented by St. John 26,240from Australia, a species as yet undescribed.
Only one species was present in the area,occurring in the strips of forest by the streamsin the bottoms of narrow valleys. Pistillate treeswere abundant; so also were staminate treeswhich at a glance seemed identical, in statureand shape, and in the rootlet-clothed trunksand prop roots. On close study, however, thereare apparent several sex-linked differences inthe foliage. The leaves of the staminate trees arenarrower at base, but broader at the middle,the margins of base and middle are much lessspiny, and the midrib below at the middle isunarmed. Despite these differences in foliage,the author who was also the collector, is certainthat these twO, male and female, are a pair,representing one species.
Many of the fallen phalanges were minus theupper half which had been chewed off by whitetailed rats seeking the edible, oily seeds.
The new epithet is the Latin adjective, medialis, middle, given in reference to the medianposition of the endocarp.
Pandanus rivularis sp. nov. (sect. Pandanus)Figs. 56-59
DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Arbor 10 m. alta 20cm. diametro, ramis dichotomis, cortice brunneosublaeve, trunco ramisque dense etiam junioribus cum radicillis adpresse adscendentibus 1.52.5 cm. longis obtectis, radicibus fulturosis nullis, foliis 1.68-1.81 m. longis 6-7.6 cm. latissupra in media sulcatis coriaceis ligulatis inmedia extrema in apice acutO diminuentibus eoin 10 cm. ex apice 16 mm. lato, basi amplexicauli et per 17-25 cm. inermi deinde marginibus cum aculeis 2.5--4 mm. longis 2-5 mm.distantibus valde arcuato-subulatis obscure brunneis, midnervo proximo inermi, in sectione mediali marginibus cum aculeis 1-2 mm. longis 613 mm. distantibus subulatis adpressis, midnervo infra cum aculeis simulantibus· pands-
remotis, circa apicem aculeis 0.5-0.7 mm. longissubulatis divergentibus vel semiadscendentibuseis marginali 1.5-2.5 mm. distantibus illis midnervi infra in hoc nullis in eo 3-5 mm. distantibus, inflorescentia foeminea terminale cernua foliosa, pedunculo 45 cm. longo obtusetrigono ad apicem incrassato et 2 cm. diametro,syncarpio unico 23 cm. longo 18 cm. diametrolate ellipsoideo brunneo-rubro cum 91 phalangibus eis 5.1-5.3 cm. longis 2.7-3.6 cm.latis (in geminis 4.3--4.4 cm. latis et cum 19'20 carpellis) 1.8-2.8 cm. crassis cuneatis compressis et in sectione plerumque oblongis cum5-6 angulis majoribus, lateribus exponitis subconvexis densiter papillosis excepta in apice,lateribus quaeque carpellae cum 2-4 angulissecundariis et valleculis, parte 1;2 supera libera,apice truncato, suturis lateralibus distinctis inparte ?-3 supera sed angustis, sinibus apicalibuscentralibus 4-7 mm. profundis, carpellis 9-11api ci bus erectis semiorbiculari-pyramidalibusceteris marginalibus cum concavite distali subhorizontali, stigmatibus 1.5-2 mm. longis suborbicularibus ad reniformibus valde obliquiscentripetalibus papillosis pallide brunneis, sinuproximali breve plerumque ~-1;2 distantia adfondam extenta, endocarpio in parte 2/5 inferasolido obscure mahogani-colorato osseoso lateribus lateralibus 4-6 mm. crassis, seminibus 14mm. longis 3.5 mm. diametro ellipsoideo, mesocarpio apicali in quaque carpella cavernoso cumfibris validis marginalibus et membranis medullosis, mesocarpio basali parvo sed fibroso etcarnoso.
DESCRIPTION OF ALL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Tree 10 m. tall, 20 cm. in diameter; crownwith dichotomous branching; bark brown, rathersmooth, but even on youngest branches anddensely on older stems and trunk more or lesscovered by appressed ascending rootlets 1.5-2.5cm. long; prop roots none; leaves 1.68-1.81 m.long, 6-7.6 cm. wide, above with a broad central furrow, coriaceous, ligulate, tapering inouter half to an acute apex which 10 cm. downis 16 mm. wide, the base amplexicaul unarmedfor 17-25 cm., then the margins with prickles2.5--4 mm. long, 2-5 mm. apart, stout arcuatesubulate, dark brown; the nearby midrib unarmed; at the midsection the margins withprickles- 1-2 mm. long, 6-13 mm. apart, sub-
Io
I5
I8 em.
f-
o...1---'--_--.l__--'"--__'---_----Ji em..
FIG. 56. Pandanus rivularis St. John, from holotype. a, Phalange, lateral view, XI; b, phalange, longitudinal median section, X 1; C, phalange, apical view, X 1; d, carpel apex and stigma, oblique view, X 4; e, leafbase, lower side, XI; f, leaf middle, lower side, XI; g, leaf apex, lower side, X 1.
I5lnlll.
, --...._---
o 10 eml-.!----'--_--'-__--'-__-'-__..L-__-'-__-'-__-'-__'--_----JI
b
FIG. 57. Pandanus rivularis St. John, from St. John 26,241. a, Column of stamens, X 10; b, leaf base, lowerside, Xl; c, leaf middle, lower side, XI; d, leaf apex, lower side, X 1.
86
FIG. 58. Pandanus .,.ivula.,.is St. John, from holotype, in its habitat, and showing Dr. S. T. Blake.
ulate, appressed; the midrib below with few remote, similar prickles; near the tip the prickles0.5-0.7 mm. long, subulate, divergent or somewhat as:ending, those of the margins 1.5-2.5mm. apart, those of the midrib below in placesnone, in others 3-5 mm. apart; pistillate inflorEscence terminal, nodding, leafy bracted; peduncle 45 cm. long, obtusely triangular, indiameter increasing upwards and near the apex2 cm. in diameter; syncarp solitary, 23 cm. long,18 cm. in diameter, broadly ellipsoid, brownishred, bearing 91 phalanges, these 5.1-5.3 cm.long, 2.7-3.6 cm. wide (in doubles 4.3-4.4 cm.wide and with 19-20 carpels), 1.8-2.8 cm.thick, wedge-shaped, compressed, in cross section mostly oblong, with 5-6 major angles, thesides gently convex, densely papillose on exposed parts except at summit, the sides of eachcarpel with 2-4 secondary angles and valleys,upper Y:2 or nearly that part free, apex truncate;lateral sutures distinct but narrow down to
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XVI, January 1962
lower y" apical central sinuses 4-7 mm. deep;carpels 9-11, the apices erect, semiorbicularpyramidal, some of the marginal ones with aconcavity nearly horizontal and distal of thestigma; stigmas 1.5-2 mm. long, suborbicular toreniform, sharply oblique, centripetal, papillose,light brown; proximal crease short, mostly running ~-Y:2 way to valley bottom; endocarpcentering in lower 2/5, extensive, darkish mahogany-colored, bony, the lateral walls 4-6 mm.thick; seeds 14 mm. long, 3.5 mm. in diameter,ellipsoid; apical mesocarp outlined by heavyfibers, forming in each carpel a cavern withwide, white, medullary membranes; basal mesocarp small, but fibrous and fleshy. Staminatetrees 7 m. tall, 20 cm. in diameter; prop roots30-40 cm. long, the surface with ascendingrootlets; leaves 1.06 m. long, 5.5-6 cm. wide,similar but near the base the margins withspines 1.5-2 mm. long, 4-7 mm. apart, subulate,ascending, brownish tipped; the midrib un-
FIG. 59. Pandanus .,.ivula.,.is St. John, from theholotype, showing fruiting branch.
Page 93: Revision of Pandanus, 9. Queensland-ST. JOHN 87
armed near the base, middle, and tip; at midsection the spines similar on one margin butlacking on the other; near the apex the marginswith serrae 0.2-0.3 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. apart;the midrib unarmed; staminate inflorescenceterminal, nodding, 40-50 em. long; pedunclefleshy, its bracts caducous; lowest floral bract 80em. long, the lower half lanceolate, 3 em. wide,white, the upper half long subulate, both minutely subulate toothed; median bracts 20 em.long, 3 em. wide, white, lanceolate; staminatespikes numerous, sessile, 3-5 em. long, 2 em. indiameter; staminate column 10-15 mm. long,the lower half naked; free filament tips 1-1.5mm. long; anthers 2-2.5 mm. long, lanceolate,bearing an apical prolongation of the connective0.6-0.8 mm. long, subulate.
HOLOlYPUS: Australia, North Queensland,Endeavour River, Jansons Crossing, 8 miles W.of Cooktown, fringing forest by river, alongbrackish (?) streams, with Heritiera, Rhizophora, Dillenia alata, and Randia sessilis, 20 ft.alt., Jan. 31, 1958, H. St. John 26,240 (BISH).
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Australia, NorthQueensland, Endeavour River, same locality,
habitat, and date as above, staminate tree, H. St.John 26,241 (BISH).
DISCUSSION: P. rivularis is a member of thesection Pandanus. In that section one finds itsclosest relative in P. kurandaensis St. John ofQueensland, which species has the prop roots50 em. long, 3 em. in diameter; leaves 7-8 em.wide, the subulate apex 3-3.5 mm. wide at thepoint 10 em. down from the tip, the marginalprickles near the apex 0.2-0.3 mm. long; thesyncarp 12-14 em. long, ovoid; phalanges withapical central sinuses 6-8 mm. deep; stigmas1-2 mm. long, oval; and the proximal creaseextending to the valley bottom. On the otherhand, P. rivularis lacks prop roots; has the leaves6-7.6 em. wide, the subulate apex 16 mm. wideat the point 10 em. down from the tip, marginalprickles near the apex 1-2 mm. long; syncarp23 em. long, broadly ellipsoid; phalanges withapical central sinuses 4-7 mm. deep; stigmas1.5-2 mm. long, suborbicular to reniform; andthe proximal crease running ~-Y:z way to thevalley bottom.
The new epithet is the Latin adjective, rivularis, by a small stream, chosen to describe thehabitat of the species.