revision questions on 1.6. cell division of ib biology

Revision questions 1.6. Cell division

Understandings, Applications and Skills

Understandings:• Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical

daughter nuclei.• Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis.• Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plant and animal

cells.• Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many

processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm.• Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle.• Mutagens, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development

of primary and secondary tumours.

Applications and skills:• Application: The correlation between smoking and incidence of

cancers.• Skill: Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a

microscope or in a micrograph.• Skill: Determination of a mitotic index from a micrograph.

Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com

http://www.stepsinbiology.com/

mailto:[email protected]


1. Define mitosis ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Outline the purpose of mitosis in eukaryotes. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Distinguish between cell division in prokaryotes and mitosis in eukaryotes.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Define: (a) interphase; (b) Growth phase 1 (G1); (c) Synthesis phase (S) and, (d) Growth phase 2 (G2)

Interphase ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Growth phase 1………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………………………………………Synthesis ………………………………………………………………..............……………………………………………………………………………………Growth phase 2 ………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………





5. Outline the main events happening during interphase. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Label and annotate the following structures

7. Outline how DNA supercoils into chromosomes and explain why this supercoiling is essential during mitosis.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


AB C D




…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Draw and label a pie chart to show the relative amount of time spent in each phase of the cell cycle, including the stages of interphase and mitosis, as well as cytokinesis.

9. Sketch and outline the stages of mitosis of an animal cell with a chromosome number of four.

Stage / Sketch OutlineProphase (early)





10. In the micrograph given below we may see meristem cells in onion roots undergoing mitosis. Indicate at least one cell in prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Mitosis_%28261_13%29_Pressed%3B_root_meristem_of_onion_%28cells_in_prophase,_metaphase,_anaphase,_telophase%29.jpg




http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Mitosis_(261_13)_Pressed%3B_root_meristem_of_onion_(cells_in_prophase%2C_metaphase%2C_anaphase%2C_telophase).jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Mitosis_(261_13)_Pressed%3B_root_meristem_of_onion_(cells_in_prophase%2C_metaphase%2C_anaphase%2C_telophase).jpg


11. Calculate the mitotic index using the data given below Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Total

Number of cells 50 2 2 2 2

12. Calculate the mitotic index for the following micrograph.

http://www.mondadorieducation.it/media/contenuti/sfoglialibro/120900037338_cavagna_laboratoriobiologia/files/assets/seo/page11_images/0001.jpg







13. Define cytokinesis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Describe cytokinesis in animal cells.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Distinguish cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………





16. The following diagrams outline the steps of cytokinesis in plant cells. Annotate this diagrams in order to outline the process of cytokinesis in plant cells.

17. Explain the role of cyclins in mitosis ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Define the following terms (a) benign tumour (b) malignant tumour (c) cancer (d) carcinogen (d) mutagen (e) proto-oncogene and (f) Tumour-suppressor genes.





19. A study was carried out into the number of cigarettes smoked by men per year and the number of deaths from lung cancer. The graph below shows the results of this study.

EDEXCEL Biology AS Paper 1 January 2009 http ://qualifications.pearson.com/en/support/support-topics/exams/past- papers.html

(a) Describe the changes in the number of deaths from lung cancer and number of cigarette smoked between 1920 and 1975.

(b) Explain the meaning of the term correlation.

(c) Does correlation mean causality?

(c) Describe the evidence shown in this graph that suggests there is a correlation between cigarette smoking and the number of deaths from lung cancer.

(d) Give two additional pieces of information that would increase the validity of any conclusions made from this study.




http://qualifications.pearson.com/en/support/support-topics/exams/past-papers.html




References:

Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. S.l.: Oxford UP, 2014. Print.

Paine, Chris . “BioKnowledgy DP Notes 1.6 – Cell division” Web. 06 Nov 2016.<http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bioknowledgy-dp-notes-16?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/16-cell-division.html>

Taylor, Stephen. "Essential Biology 02.5 Cell Division.docx." Web. 24 Aug. 2014. <https://www.box.net/shared/3yh5839dua>




https://www.box.net/shared/3yh5839dua

http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bioknowledgy-dp-notes-16?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/16-cell-division.html

http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bioknowledgy-dp-notes-16?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/16-cell-division.html

revision questions on 1.6. cell division of ib biology

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