THIS EXERCISE MAKES FULL USE OF COLOURS TO EXPLAIN ITS LOGIC.

WHAT IS IDHOOFAH? It is translated as “Genitive Construction”, “Possessive Construction”

�ض�اف�ة� إ

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The man is a good teacher.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The man is a good teacher.

NO IDHOOFAH

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The man is the teacher in the school.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The man is the teacher in the school.

NO IDHOOFAH

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The man is the teacher of the school.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The man is the teacher of the school.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

This is the key of the door.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

This is the key of the door.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

This is the key of the door of the house.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

This is the key of the door of the house.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

Hamid is the teacher’s son.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

Hamid is the teacher’s son. (the son of the teacher)

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The new book is on the table.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The new book is on the table.

NO IDHOOFAH

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The new book of the writer is on the table.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

The new book of the writer is on the table.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

I met the driver of the old car.

WHICH IS IDHOOFAH kalau ada?

I met the driver of the old car.

STEP BY STEP: THE MAKING OF AN

�ض�اف�ة� إ

WHAT IS WRONG HERE?

�اب �ب �ل ا �اح �م�ف�ت �ل ا�ت �ي the key of the door of the houseالب

STEP A: Where is the FINAL NOUN?

�اب �ب �ل ا �اح �م�ف�ت �ل ا�ت �ي the key of the door of the houseالب

STEP A: Where is the FINAL NOUN?

�اب �ب �ل ا �اح �م�ف�ت �ل ا�ت �ي the key of the door of the houseالب

STEP B: Only the FINAL NOUN can take the DEFINITE ARTICLE.

�اب �ب �ل ا �اح �م�ف�ت �ل ا�ت �ي the key of the door of the houseالب

STEP B: Only the FINAL NOUN can take the DEFINITE ARTICLE.

�اح �اب م�ف�ت �ب �ل ا�ت �ي the key of the door of the houseالب

STEP B: Only the FINAL NOUN can take the DEFINITE ARTICLE.

�اح �اب م�ف�ت �ت ب �ي البthe key of the door of the house

STEP C: Where are NON-INITIAL NOUNS?

�ت �ي الب �اب ب �اح م�ف�تthe key of the door of the house

STEP C: Where are NON-INITIAL NOUNS?

�اح �ابم�ف�ت �ت ب �ي البthe key of the door of the house

STEP C: Where are NON-INITIAL NOUNS?

�اح �ابم�ف�ت �ت ب �ي البthe key of the door of the house

STEP D: NON-INITIAL NOUNS must take the GENITIVE case ending.

�اح �ابم�ف�ت �ت ب �ي الب

the key of the door of the house

STEP D: NON-INITIAL NOUNS must take the GENITIVE case ending.

�اح �ام�ف�ت �ت ب�ب �ي الب

the key of the door of the house

STEP D: NON-INITIAL NOUNS must take the GENITIVE case ending.

�اح �ام�ف�ت � ب�ب �ي ت�الب

the key of the door of the house

STEP E: WHERE IS THE INITIAL NOUN?

�ت� �ي الب �اب� ب �اح م�ف�ت

the key of the door of the house

STEP E: WHERE IS THE INITIAL NOUN?

�اح �ت� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب

the key of the door of the house

STEP F: THE INITIAL NOUN MAY TAKE ALL THE 3 CASE-ENDINGS.

�اح �ت� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب

�اح �ت� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب

�اح �ت� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب

STEP F: THE INITIAL NOUN MAY TAKE ALL THE 3 CASE-ENDINGS.

�ا �ت� حم�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب nom

�اح �ت� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب

�اح �ت� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب

STEP F: THE INITIAL NOUN MAY TAKE ALL THE 3 CASE-ENDINGS.

�ا �ت� حم�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب nom

�ا �ت� ح� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب gen

�اح �ت� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب

STEP F: THE INITIAL NOUN MAY TAKE ALL THE 3 CASE-ENDINGS.

�ا �ت� حم�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب nom

�ا �ت� ح� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب gen

�ا �ت� ح� م�ف�ت �ي الب �اب� ب acc

OTHER IMPORTANT FORMULAS RELATED TO IDHOOFAH

F1: ONLY THE LAST NOUN CAN BE INDEFINITE.

�اب� ب �اح �ت�م�ف�ت �ي �ب �ل اthe key of the door of the house

F1: ONLY THE LAST NOUN CAN BE INDEFINITE.

�اب� ب �اح �م�ف�ت �ي ت$بthe key of the door of a house

F2: THE NON-FINAL NOUNS ARE ALWAYS DEFINITE EVEN THOUGH ‘al’ (DEFINITE ARTICLE) IS NOT PRESENT

�ت$ �ي ب �اب� ب �اح م�ف�تthe key of the door of a

house

F2: THE NON-FINAL NOUNS ARE ALWAYS DEFINITE EVEN THOUGH ‘al’ (DEFINITE ARTICLE) IS NOT PRESENT.

�اح �ت$ م�ف�ت �ي ب �اب� بthe key of the door of a

house

F2: THE NON-FINAL NOUNS ARE ALWAYS DEFINITE EVEN THOUGH ‘al’ (DEFINITE ARTICLE) IS NOT PRESENT.

�اح �اب� م�ف�ت �ت$ ب �ي بthe key of the door of a

house

OTHER ISSUES

the religion of the Islam

� م ال� �س� �إل� ا د�ين

the ideas of reformation (general category)@the ideas of the Reformation

ح� �ص�ال� �إل� ا �ار �ف�ك أ

the word of “Din”

�لد1ين� ” ا �م�ة �ل “ك

YOU TRY

STEP BY STEP: THE MAKING OF AN

�ض�اف�ة� إ

WHAT IS WRONG HERE?

�د �و�ل �ل ا �م �ق�ل �ل ا�مد�ر1س �ل the pen of the boy of the teacher ا

STEP A: Where is the FINAL NOUN?

�د �و�ل �ل ا �م �ق�ل �ل ا�مد�ر1س �ل the pen of the boy of the teacher ا

STEP A: Where is the FINAL NOUN?

�د �و�ل �ل ا �م �ق�ل �ل ا�مد�ر1س �ل the pen of the boy of the teacher ا

STEP B: Only the FINAL NOUN can take the DEFINITE ARTICLE.

�د �و�ل �ل ا �م �ق�ل �ل ا�مد�ر1س �ل the pen of the boy of the teacher ا

STEP B: Only the FINAL NOUN can take the DEFINITE ARTICLE.

�م �د ق�ل �و�ل �ل ا�مد�ر1س �ل the pen of the boy of the teacher ا

STEP B: Only the FINAL NOUN can take the DEFINITE ARTICLE.

�م �د ق�ل س و�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا the pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP C: Where are NON-INITIAL NOUNS?

س �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د و�ل �م ق�لthe pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP C: Where are NON-INITIAL NOUNS?

�م �دق�ل س و�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا the pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP C: Where are NON-INITIAL NOUNS?

�م �دق�ل س و�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا the pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP D: NON-INITIAL NOUNS must take the GENITIVE case ending.

�م �دق�ل �و�ل �ل اس �مد�ر1 �ل ا

the pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP D: NON-INITIAL NOUNS must take the GENITIVE case ending.

�م �ق�ل س د�و�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا

the pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP D: NON-INITIAL NOUNS must take the GENITIVE case ending.

�م �ق�ل �مد�ر1 د�و�ل �ل س�ا

the pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP E: WHERE IS THE INITIAL NOUN?

س� �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل �م ق�ل

the pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP E: WHERE IS THE INITIAL NOUN?

�م س� ق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل

the pen of the boy of the teacher

STEP F: THE INITIAL NOUN MAY TAKE ALL THE 3 CASE-ENDINGS.

�م س� ق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل

�م س� ق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل

�م س� ق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل

STEP F: THE INITIAL NOUN MAY TAKE ALL THE 3 CASE-ENDINGS.

� س� مق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل nom

�م س� ق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل

�م س� ق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل

STEP F: THE INITIAL NOUN MAY TAKE ALL THE 3 CASE-ENDINGS.

� س� مق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل nom

� �ق�ل س� م �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل gen

�م س� ق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل

STEP F: THE INITIAL NOUN MAY TAKE ALL THE 3 CASE-ENDINGS.

� س� مق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل nom

� �ق�ل س� م �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل gen

� س� م�ق�ل �مد�ر1 �ل ا �د� و�ل acc

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�مد�ر1س� �ل �د� ا ق�ل�م و�ل.ج�د�يد�The pen of the boy of the teacher is new.

CASE-ENDING:VOWEL MARK:

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�مد�ر1س� �ل �د� ا ق�ل�م و�ل.ج�د�يد�The pen of the boy of the teacher is new.

CASE-ENDING: NOMINATIVEVOWEL MARK:

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�مد�ر1س� �مق�ل �ل �د� ا و�ل.ج�د�يد�The pen of the boy of the teacher is new.

CASE-ENDING: NOMINATIVEVOWEL MARK: u

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�مد�ر1س� �ل �د� ا �نU ق�ل�م و�ل إ.ج�د�يد�Indeed, the pen of the boy of the teacher is new.

CASE-ENDING:VOWEL MARK:

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

Uن� �مد�ر1س� إ �ل �د� ا ق�ل�م و�ل.ج�د�يد�Indeed, the pen of the boy of the teacher is new.

CASE-ENDING: ACCUSATIVEVOWEL MARK:

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

Uن� �إ �مد�ر1س� م�ق�ل �ل �د� ا و�ل.ج�د�يد�Indeed, the pen of the boy of the teacher is new.

CASE-ENDING: ACCUSATIVEVOWEL MARK: a

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�د� �خ�ذ�ت� ق�ل�م و�ل أ

�مد�ر1س� �ل .اShe took the pen of the boy of the teacher.

CASE-ENDING:VOWEL MARK:

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�خ�ذ�ت� �د� أ ق�ل�م و�ل

�مد�ر1س� �ل .اShe took the pen of the boy of the teacher.

CASE-ENDING: ACCUSATIVEVOWEL MARK:

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�خ�ذ�ت� �أ �د� م�ق�ل و�ل

�مد�ر1س� �ل .اShe took the pen of the boy of the teacher.

CASE-ENDING: ACCUSATIVEVOWEL MARK: a

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�د� هو� ع�ل�ى ق�ل�م و�ل

�مد�ر1س� �ل .اIt is on the pen of the boy of the teacher.

CASE-ENDING:VOWEL MARK:

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�د� هو� ع�ل�ى ق�ل�م و�ل

�مد�ر1س� �ل .اIt is on the pen of the boy of the teacher.

CASE-ENDING: GENITIVEVOWEL MARK:

WHAT IS THE CASE-ENDING OF THE IDHOOFAH?

�هو� ع�ل�ى �ق�ل �د� م و�ل

�مد�ر1س� �ل .اIt is on the pen of the boy of the teacher.

CASE-ENDING: GENITIVEVOWEL MARK: i