From Revolution to Global War

Times Are Changing

The Industrial Revolution (1st)

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain around 1780.

Had a supply of capital, wealthy entrepreneurs were looking for new places to invest their money and make a profit.

Had a good supply of natural resources and good access to world markets.

Why Britain?

Timeline of Technology

People were making textiles in their homes, these were called cottage industries .

New inventions like the spinning jenny and the flying shuttle made textile production faster and factories replaced the home production.

The new technology was powered by running water, so textile factories were built next to the rivers.

The Steam EngineMills no longer had to be located next to a

riverMills began to pop up all over EnglandIron production becomes very important

because iron is needed to build steam engines

Moving OnWith MORE factories, came MORE things to

move, in MORE places # of Railroads increased

Factories left more opportunities other than farming

People moved into cities

Bye, Bye Farms

Industrialization Spread!

The Industrial Revolution comes to the US in the first half of the 1800’s.

In 1800, 6 out of 7 workers were farmers

By 1860 that number drops to 1 out of 4

In the same time period U.S.’s population grows from 5 million to 50 million

The U.S.’s larger land area and population Required more railroads & canals In 1830 the U.S. had about 100 miles of RR

tracks By 1860 there were 30,000 miles of tracks By 1890 there were 200,000 miles of tracks

1st vs. 2nd Industrial Revolution1st Industrial RevolutionTextiles, railroads, iron, and coal

2nd Industrial RevolutionSteel, chemicals, electricity, and

petroleum

Industrial Expansion Mechanical Reaper – Cyrus McCormick (1830s)

harvest crops five times faster Telegraph – Samuel Morse (1837) send signals

through copper wire (1st Trans-Atlantic telegraph 1901)

Vulcanized Rubber – Charles Goodyear (1839) more durable; wouldn’t melt in summer or freeze in winter

Sewing Machine – Elias Howe/I.M. Singer (1846) reduced time to sew garments (especially shoes)

Industrial Expansion Bessemer Process (1850): previously used iron (too

soft; breaks and rusts); remove carbon by injecting air into molten iron to make steel

Typewriter (1867): Christopher Sholes – increased efficiency in offices

Telephone (1876): Alexander Graham Bell – opened worldwide telecommunications

Light Bulb (1880): Thomas Edison – incandescent light bulb; harnessing electricity caused factories to boom

Wright BrothersDecember 17, 1903 – Orville and

Wilbur Wright (bicycle shop owners) of Ohio move to Kitty Hawk, NC (due to windy conditions) to test gliders; end up with 1st successful motorized, manned aircraft flight.1st flight – Orville: 120 ft. 12 seconds2nd flight – Wilbur: 852 ft. 59 seconds

Changed national and international travel forever.

The New Factories Owners wanted

machines to run constantly (thanks to light bulbs), so employees forced to work in shifts.

Long hours, dangerous and repetitive tasks.

Workers fined for being late and dismissed for serious misconduct.

Child laborers were often beaten or killed in factory.

Henry Ford 1901 he created Ford Motor Co. He wanted to

figure out a way to sell a lot of cars and make them affordable. To increase productivity he became more efficient by:

Dividing his labor force (Division of Labor) Use Specialization of Labor (learn a specific task) Led to Mass Production (Assembly Line with

interchangeable parts) Human Capital – take care of workers

High Wages (Minimum wage in his factory $5 per day)

Fringe Benefits

I Love Lucy Cliphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A

Effects Mass Production begins to appear in all factories

– They strive to become more efficient using mechanization and technology

Government intervention and labor unions develop because of poor working conditions and business monopolies

Child Labor outlawed

How do we change?

Reaction to Urban GrowthBetween 1800-1900, the population of

London grew from 960,000 to 6.5 million (just one of many cities)

How do you handle this many new people?

Science had proven that disease comes from filth

Reformers begged local governments to do something about the horrible conditions

Boards were created to improve health and housing conditions

Regulations began on buildings, internal plumbing, sewage systems, etc.

Now people were able to live and survive close together

Social StructureThe New Elite

5% who controlled 40% of the wealthThe Middle Classes

Lawyers, doctors, businessmen, shop owners, etc.

The Working Classes80% of the population

Leisure is redefinedNew forms of leisure began to appear:

Amusement parks Dance halls Organized team sports

Work and leisure were now separated Leisure is considered after work, evenings, and

weekendsLeisure was more passive

Watching sports, riding ridesLeisure required money

Public EducationEducation used to be reserved for the elite,

but now pushed for more of the populationReasons for education:

-The newer technology needed workers who were educated in

order to work them-Schooling promoted patriotism-With more people who could vote, they wanted

educated voters-Other countries had very few literate people,

providing an advantage

More schools, more teachersTeachers were considered to be the natural

role for womenMore factories needed more workers, women

could be paid less, and more vulnerableGovernment services needed clerks,

secretaries, telephone operators, etc.

Women want rightsFeminism-the movement for women’s rightsBegan with the EnlightenmentArgued for the right for women to own

property and divorceBelieved that suffrage, the right to vote,

was the key to improve their position

Who has the right?The market began opening up across the

globeImperialism- the extension of a nation’s

power over other landsEuropean countries needed more places to

sell their products and gain more raw materials to make more

Social DarwinismTaken from Darwin’s idea of natural selectionPhilosopher Herbert Spencer coins the

phrase, “survival of the fittest”-the strong advance while the weak decline

Imperialism leads to RacismRacism- the belief that race

determines traits and capabilities-the idea that races are superior or inferior

Tensions spread everywhere, creating conflict across the globe