revolutions in the middle east: tunisia, egypt, libya and beyond
DESCRIPTION
Slides to accompany a lecture given to guests on the “Queen Mary 2.” These are the slides as delivered, extemporaneously.TRANSCRIPT
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“With the ‘Arab Spring’ affecting North Africa, this book is a very useful introduction to exactly how the region has reached its present situation.”
- Dr Trevor James, Historical Association
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Revolutions in the Middle East:
Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Beyond.
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OutlineWhat is happening?
Where is it happening?
Who is involved?
Why now?
Scenes from Midan Tahrir, Cairo
What next?
Conclusions, or Lessons
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What is happening?
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A lot of things are happening at once.
They are happening for various reasons
and are producing various outcomes.
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“Let’s change ‘brink of chaos’ to ‘Everything is wonderful.’ ”
© The New Yorker, 2010
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“Democracy is the worst possible form of government,
apart from all the others that have been tried.”
Winston Churchill(1874-1965)
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Where is it happening?
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Country
Tunisia
Egypt
Libya
Yemen
Syria
Algeria
Pop. (mi#ions)
10
80
7
24
22
35
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Country
Tunisia
Egypt
Libya
Yemen
Syria
Algeria
Number of dead
225
875
25 - 30,000
1,500
3,500
8
Pop. (mi#ions)
10
80
7
24
22
35
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Tunisia
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Zine el-Abdine Ben Ali
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As honest as the day is long?
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23 years, 2 months
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Egypt
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Hosni Mubarak
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29 years, 4 months
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Yemen
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Ali Abdullah Saleh
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33 years ... and counting
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Libya
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Muammar Gaddafi
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42 years, 11 months
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Who is involved?
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Mohamed Bouazizi
from Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
died 4 January, 2011
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...and Bush Jnr., Clinton, Bush Snr., Reagan, Carter ...
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Obama, Bush Jr., Clinton, Bush Snr., Reagan, Carter ...
... and Ford and Nixon.
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“Do not try to do too much with your own hands.
Better the Arabs do it tolerably well than that you do it perfectly.
It is their war and you are to help them,not to win it for them.”
T.E. Lawrence (1917)“Twenty-seven Articles”
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Why now?
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Scenes from Midan Tahrir, Cairo
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11 February 2011
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12 February A rare quiet moment in the Citadel
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What next?
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Ben Ali, Saleh, Gaddafi and MubarakCombined rule = 128 years
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“We don’t really have a Middle East policy,which is just as well, because if we did it would be the wrong one.”
Former CIA station chief
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Conclusions, or Lessons
i) There is no such thing as “Arab exceptionalism”
ii) These revolutions are driven by nationalism- Muslims are not just Muslims
iii) Young people have more energy than older people
iv) Leaderless revolutions can succeed
v) The alternative to democracy is chaos
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Thank you,
or as we say in Arabic,
شكرا(shukran!)
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“… crafted with originality and ingenuity … a good sense of story-telling … an enjoyable read”
- Lirim Azemi, Think Africa Press