revêtement en béton projeté renforcé de fibres · pdf...

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Revêtement en béton projeté renforcé de fibres

METALLIQUES

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1. How a concrete lining works

2. Why steel fibre instead of mesh

3. Performance criteria, test procedure

4. Bekaert proposal

5. Q/A: waterproof membranne / durability / polymer vs steel

6. Reference

7. Conclusion

Comment fonctionne un revêtement béton projeté

Pourquoi de la fibre Métallique remplaçant du TS

Critère de performance et procédure des tests

La Proposition de Bekaert

Étanchéité, durabilité

Quelques références

conclusion

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The role of a thin shotcrete lining is not to try

and support the original ground pressures

The role of the shotcrete is to stabilise

the deformations required to mobilise

the grounds inherent strength

Le rôle d'un revêtement béton projeté fibré n'est

PAS de supporter les efforts initiaux de poussées

des terres

Le rôle d'un revêtement béton projeté fibré est de

STABILISER les déformations requises pour

redistribuer les nouveaux efforts

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Ground lining interaction:

conceptual diagram


A-C: As excavation proceeds,

ground moves into the

tunnel and radial

pressure required for

equilibrium reduces as

ground strength is

mobilised.

B-C: Following completion of

lining at B, load from the

ground causes inward

movement of lining.

C: Point of equilibrium at

which radial pressure

required for equilibrium

is provided by lining.

De A à C : lors de

l'excavation, les

terres bougent en

direction du tunnel,

reduisant la

pression interne

De B à C : pendant

et après projection

du béton, les

poussées

compriment le

parement

C : point d'équilibre

entre la pression

radiale et

la résistance du parement

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Tunneling stresses

NATURAL GROUND

Fp Radial displacement

mobilises the grounds

inherent strength.


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Fp

Tension

Zone

Tunneling stresses

EQUILIBRIUM

F

F’


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Tension

cracking &

loosening

Tunneling stresses

Fp

EQUILIBRIUM

F

F’


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Tunneling stresses

Fp

EQUILIBRIUM

F

F’


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Fp

EQUILIBRIUM

F

F’


Tunneling stresses

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Ground movement causes the rock

to deform plastically(flow)

at the tunnel perimeter applying

pressure to the shotcrete lining

Soft and/or fractured rock


Les déplacement des terres engendrent

une déformation plastique de la roche,

générant une pression sur le parement

de béton projeté

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4. Bekaert proposal

5. Q/A: Waterproof membranne / Durability / Polymer vs Steel

6. Reference

7. Conclusion

Pourquoi de la fibre à la place de Treillis Soudé

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Why using steel fibre concrete

for spray concrete?

- Faster: avoid mesh

placing

- Cheaper: save cost on

materials

- Better: higher load bearing

capacity, durability

improvement

- Safer: immediatly applied

after excavation / no risk

during installation

- Green solution: less CO2

consumption


+rapide

+économique

+durable

+sur

+écologique

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Mesh reinforced shotcrete


Mesh installation is:

- difficult

- time consuming

- hazardous under loose rock

- costly

La mise en place des TS

est :

Difficile

Chronophage

Dangereuse sous de la

roche friable

Coûteux

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Lining quality can be poor:

- Shotcrete builds up on the face of the mesh

- Low quality shadow areas form behind the wire

- Not a uniform bond between shotcrete and rock

- Irregular mesh positions do not give an efficient reinforcement

Parement de faible qualité car :

Le BP s'agglomère devant le TS

Des vides se forment à l'arrière

Pas de lien homogène entre le TS et la roche

Postionnement aléatoire du TS

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Steel fiber reinforced spray concrete


Advantages of a SFRS layer:

- Homogeneous reinforcement

- Can be applied very quickly

- A uniform thickness results in a significant reduction of

shotcrete consumption

- Strong bond to the surface which is required to make the

underground self supporting

Avantages de la fibre métallique

Renforcement homogène

Application rapide

Epaisseur uniforme

Bonne accroche à l'existant

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SFRS = Concrete consumption saving



- irregular rock surface

- filling up voids

- high rebound on the mesh wires

Shotcrete consumption is high due to: La consommation élevée de béton projeté en

présence de treillis est due à :

-l'irrégularité des surfaces

-Le remplissage des vides

-Le rebond dû au treillis

Le BRFM économise de la matière car…

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SFRS = Safety improvement with robot

Protection of workforce


La sécurité est accrue car le BRFM peut être utilisé avec

le robot projeteur

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SFRS = Material properties improvement

Steel fibres are incorporated in the concrete

to improve:

- the ductility

- the energy absorption

- the crack resistance

- the impact resistance

- the durability


Le BRFM : améliorations liées aux propriétés du materiau

Les fibres sont incorporées au béton afin

d'augmenter :

-La ductilité

-L'absorption d'énergie

-La résistance à la fissure

-La résistance aux impacts

-La durabilité

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SFRS = Time saving


Le BFRM : gain de temps certifié (étude réelle)

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SFRS = Cost saving


Thomas Marty, project manager, has reported (European Symposium for

Tunneling Construction, Olten – CH, 05.02.1992) a cost saving of 25%.

first layer of sprayed concrete

wire mesh

second layer of sprayed concrete

23%

17%

60%

100%

sprayed concrete

steel fibres

53%

22%

75%

75%

100%

Le BFRM : …et donc : gain financier !

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4. Bekaert proposal


6. Reference

7. Conclusion

Critères de Performance et procédures de tests

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Why the square panel test was proposed?


The square slab test,

also called the

EFNARC slab test, is

simulating at a

laboratory scale the

structural behaviour of

the system anchor bolt

– sprayed concrete

under flexural and

shear load.

Pourquoi le test EFNARC est il recommandé ?

Car le test

simule, à

l'échelle d'un

laboratoire, le

comportement

d'un béton

projeté, clouté,

sous efforts de

flexion et de

cisaillement

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Panel test according to EN The punching-flexion test is an ideal test to check the SFRS behaviour:


This test is introduced in 1989

by the French railway, and is

in the meantime accepted by

Efnarc, and is since 2006 in

EN standards

- A shotcrete

tunneling behaves

like a slab

- The hyperstatic test

conditions allow

load redistribution

- The test can be

carried out with

mesh reinforcement

Test de plaque selon Norme Européenne

Le test flexion poinçonnement est idéal pour le BPRFM

•un béton projeté

se comporte

comme une dalle

•Le test

hyperstatique

permet la

redistribution des

charges

•Le test peut

comparer BRFM et

TS

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The load-displacement curve indicates clearly that during the test

different cracks develop which then act as hinges that allow to

redistribute the loads through the steel fibres bridging the cracks.

•La courbe CHARGE DEPLACEMENT classique indique

clairement que durant le test, un réseau de fissures se

développe, ce qui permet de redistribuer les charges

•….Et donc, la ruine intervient plus tard

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Square panel test


L

700 Joules

SAFE

25 mm

C30/37 Influence de la raideur du beton

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Square panel test


L

700 Joules

UNSAFE

25 mm

C50/60 À énergie EGALE, un béton plus

résistant aura une courbe non

sécuritaire : Le béton doit rester

"souple"

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Performance criteria E700/E1000

used in Q-system


Q-system advance for sprayed lining 1 Unsupported

2 Spot bolting, sb

3 Systematic bolting, B

4 Systematic bolting,

(and unreinforced shotcrete,

4-10 cm), B(+S)

5 Fibre reinforced shotcrete

and bolting, 5-9 cm, Sfr+B






> 15 cm, reinforced ribs of

shotcrete and bolting,

Sfr+RRs+B

9 Cast concrete lining, CCA E) Energy absorption in fibre reinforced shotcrete at 25 mm bending plate testing

Reinforcement categories:

Pensez à utiliser le Barton Chart : tableau qui donne

• l'épaisseur mini de la couche de BRFM à mettre en œuvre

• Et l'énergie à atteindre

en fonction de la nature du sol

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Pre-qualification test: spray on job site

according to EN standard


Il est impératif de réaliser les éprouvettes d'essais SUR le chantier, avec ses équipements et sa main d'œuvre qualifiée

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SFRC solution type of fibre and dosage

could be also determined by calculation


Pour information, le dosage et le type de fibres préconisés sont définis par le CALCUL

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4. Bekaert proposal


6. Reference

7. Conclusion

La proposition de BEKAERT

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Dramix first proposal

4. Bekaert proposal

Sprayed concrete can either be applied as a dry

mix or as a wet mix:

For a C30/37 concrete class:

Tests on the job site should confirm this dosage with the concrete mix used for the project.

This dosage proposal is based on experience and on a great number of test results, taking into

account the percentage of lost fibres due to the rebound:

- Dry method 20% (15% to 30%)

- Wet method 10% (5% to 15%)

Le Béton projeté peut être appliqué en voie sèche ou humide

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Production SFRC

4. Bekaert proposal

Conveyor belt

For feeding steel

fibres directly into

the truckmixer

Method 1 Method 2

Addition of the fibres at jobsite with

conveyor belt in the truckmixer

Exemple de mise en œuvre : avec sauterelle de convoyage pour une introduction aisée

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Directly connected to batching plant

4. Bekaert proposal

Italy – Quercia2 – 1 000 T

20 kg/m3 Dramix RC65/35BN - >500 J

… ou bien un doseur automatique

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Production SFRC

Big Projects

4. Bekaert proposal

Automatic

Dosing

Equipment

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Quality control

4. Bekaert proposal

European Standard 14721 specifies two methods of measuring the fibre content of

metallic fibre concrete

Method A measures the fibre content of a hardened concrete specimen

Method B measures the fibre content of a fresh concrete specimen

NB: This point must be solved also with polymer, no method available for the moment

in order to meet the quality control requirement for many projects

Fibre counter

4 3

1 2

Checked & certified dosage

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4. Bekaert proposal


6. Reference

7. Conclusion

Question "durabilité, étanchéité, pérennité"

Dramix®


SFRC could be used safely with

protection membrane

The practical

experience on many

sites as well as test

result in independent

laboratories clearly

confirm that there are

no problems with the

membranne protection

sheets in combination

with steel fibre

reinforced sprayed

concrete, such as

Dramix RC65/35BN

Il existe un compte rendu de test réalisé par le CETU, qui prouve que la membrane d'étanchéité n'est pas percée par le BRFM

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Béton non armé

L/D faible

L/D augmenté

Dosage augmenté

80 J

400 J

800 J

1250 J

Quelques ordres de grandeur : x15

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4. Bekaert proposal


6. Reference

7. Conclusion

Quelques Références

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6. Reference

Sweden:

Göta Tunnel

- Duomix® M6 Fire for fire safety reasons

- Lowest fibre dosage to meet performance with RC-65/35-BN

Shotcreting in the Göta Tunnel

Fibre type:

RC-65/35-BN+M6

Thickness:

Various

Year:

2000-2006

Country:

Sweden

Size:

> 1000 t

Concrete Quality:

According to Road dep

Dramix®

6. Reference

Iran:

Siah Bishe Pumped Storage Project

- Duomix® applied in headrace tunnels and incline shafts as a primary lining

- Ground supported easily with Dramix ®, even in case of an inclination

A view from tunnel portal

Fibre type:

RC-65/35-BN

Thickness:

10-15 cm

Year:

2006

Country:

Iran

Size:

2500 m

Concrete Quality:

C30/37

Layout of the Siah Bishe Pumped Storage Project

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6. Reference

Spain:

Tunnel Ave Cártama

- Speed up construction time

- Safe protection to reinforce primary lining

High speed Train Tunnel

Fibre type:

RL-45/35-BN

Thickness:

15 cm

Year:

2002-2003

Country:

Spanje

Size:

2424 m

Concrete Quality:

C30/37

Dramix®

6. Reference

Turkey:

Uzundere-1 Hepp

- initial support: 7 cm SFRS + rock bolts

- second layer: 13 cm SFRS

- construction time reduced by 20%

Tunnel excavation by crusher

Fibre type:

RC-65/35-BN

Concrete thickness:

7 cm + 13 cm

Year:

2009

Country:

Turkey

Application:

Shotcrete

Project size:

length 5400 m

A view of tunnel section

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6. Reference

China: Qinling Tunnel

comprises two almost parrallel single track tube

Excavation of the east

tube was done by two

TBM.

The opening is

supported by

immediate steel fibre

reinforced spray

concrete

35 kg/m3 Dramix®

ZP305

Dramix®

6. Reference

China:

The Ertan Hydropower Project

40kg/m3 RC65/35BN

Design document

prepared by Chendhu

Hydroelectric

Investigation and

design institute

Isometric view of the

underground power plant

complex

is situated on the Yalong River in western

Sichuan Province (China)

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6. Reference

Brazil:

HYDRO POWER Dam Simplicio Brazil

30kg/m3 Dramix® ZP305

Volume steel fibres:

400 T

Year:

2007-2008

Country:

Brazil

Performance:

750 Joules

Concrete Quality:

C30/37

Dramix®

6. Reference

France: High speed railway

Geological gallery – Lyon-Turin

Dramix® RC65/35BN

(wet shotcrete)

Volume steel fibres:

2000 T

Country:

France

Performance:

> 700 Joules following

EN standard creteria

Concrete Quality:

C30/37

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England:

Metro London Kings Cross

6. Reference

30 kg RC-80/30-BP

HiCarbon

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France - Spain: Somport Tunnel,

one of the longest one in Europe

6. Reference

Spray concrete

average value 37

Mpa - Dramix®

RC65/35BN 25kg to

40kg/m3 according

ground condition

General Director R. Lopez Guarga stated on the project: “What sets this project apart is the flexibility that sprayed concrete offered the contractors

consortium in terms of meeting a tight schedule even after unexpected setbacks, and its ability to comply with strict safety criteria.”

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6. Reference

Singapore: Mandai Cavern Project is the first

such major ground storage in Singapore

The desing was based on the

Q-System developed by

Nick Barton

For all SFRS an energy

absorption capacity (according

to the square panel test) of

1000Joules was required

- 75mm thick SFRS (56kg/m3

Dramix® RC65/35BN) for the

rock face

- 50 to 100mm thick

SFRS(45kg/m3 Dramix®

RC65/35BN) for tunnel

cavern lining

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Norway: Laerdal Tunnel,

one of the longest road tunnel

The tunnel has 2 lanes and a flexible

pavement of 7,5 m wide, with at each

side a 1 m wide concrete emergency

strip.

6. Reference

After each blast the roof and walls were

reinforced with a steel fibre reinforced sprayed

concrete layer of 50-100 mm thick.

The 24,5 km long

Laerdal tunnel

The wet spray concrete with 40 kg Dramix® RC65/35BN was applied.

No secondary lining has been provide.

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Galerie du Frejus (2009)

6. Reference

800 ml à l'explosif

fibre DRAMIX

65/35bn

Dosé à 25kg/m3

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A89 : tunnel de Violay (2010)

6. Reference

2x 2000ml en fibre

DRAMIX 65/35bn

Dosé à 25kg/m3

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Dijon : tunnel de Lino (2011)

2x 600 ml en fibre

DRAMIX 65/35bn

Dosé à 30kg/m3

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Slopes stabilisation

6. Reference

45 kg/m3 DRAMIX®

ZP305

USA: Provo Canyon, Utah

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Slope reinforcement

6. Reference

30 kg/m3 DRAMIX®

ZP306

> 600 Joules

Motorway Portugal

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4. Bekaert proposal


6. Reference

7. Conclusion

Outils , Normes et Conclusion

Dramix®

Worldwide n°1 for tunnel applications

Bekaert is a global player with local support.

With the largest steelfibre production capacity in the world, we

guarantee you stable product quality, perfect on time delivery and

a price attractive offer.

1

product quality: CE

Wide product range

2

Local support for tests

and concrete composition

3 Worldwide

on time delivery

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TREILLIS SOUDE

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FIBRES METALLIQUES

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Type béton

épaisseur

Type nappe

voie

Nb nappes

Dimensionnement possible

Calcul de la

capacité portante

Dramix® Dimensionnement possible

RESULTATS

Type de fibre

dosage

Nouvelle

epaisseur

Dramix® Règles de conception

International:

• guideline Faserbeton (A)

• SIA 162/6 (CH)

• Beton rapport 4 (S)

• DBV recommendation (G)

• TR34, appendix F (UK)

• JSCE (J)

• RILEM / CEN

• Draft Model Code 2010

Dramix® DRAFT MODEL CODE 2010

Dramix®

Conclusion

7. Conclusion

- Sprayed concrete had a very rapid technological

development during the last 20 years

- Dry process and the wet process are used

- Modern sprayed concrete is placed with robotic arms

- High quality steel fibre reinforcement instead of mesh:

BETTER , CHEAPER, SAFER, FASTER

Développement important dans les dernières 20 années

Voies seches ou humides sont toutes deux utilisées

La mise en œuvre est mécanisée

Les fibres métalliques à la place des treillis sont :

PLUS SURES, PLUS RAPIDES, MOINS CHERES

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revêtement en béton projeté renforcé de fibres · pdf...

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