rf information

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 DESIGN OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SENSING NETWORKS FOR TUNNELS, TRAINS AND BUILDINGS S. K. Palit School of Engineering and Advanced Technology Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] and Stuart. Bickerstaff and Chris Langmaid Ambidji Group-Telecommuni cations, 493 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, Australia  Abstract—This paper deals with the various assumptions used in the design and analysis of distributed  antenna system (DAS) for trains, tunnels and in-building wireless radio coverage. The design includes  handover overlap design, base station connectivity, signal reticulation using splitters, couplers, bi-  directional amplifiers, attenuators, discrete antennas, radiating cables and opto-electric couplers etc. It is found that signal strength, noise, intermodulation calculated for the up and down links are in  compliance with the given specifications and satisfy the required system margin. Our system  specifications based on TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio) ensures that the received signal is at least  5 dB higher than the TETRA dynamic sensitivity level and yields 95% coverage of all the used areas. Index Terms—antenna, signal distribution, wireless network, uplink, downlink, system margin I INTRODUCTION It has been found from the recent literature survey [1- 13] that no proper design tools have yet  been developed for indoor wireless communications. As cellular systems are operated today, in-  building communication is provided by transmitting radio signals from cell sites to portable handsets inside buildings which requires the transmitted power to be about 20 dB stronger than that for the ground mobile communications in order to penetrate into or out from a building. The coverage of the portable units is not two-dimensional but three-dimensional. When a radio channel penetrates from outside into a multi-floor building, this particular channel can serve only INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 2, NO. 1, MARCH 2009 118

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