rfid and wireless systems for intelligent airports · rfid and wireless systems for intelligent...
TRANSCRIPT
RFID and Wireless Systems for Intelligent Airports
S. Sabesan, M. J. Crisp, R. V. Penty and I. H. White
Photonics Communications GroupDepartment of Engineering
University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
Acknowledgements: UK EPSRC under the TINA project and The BoeingCompany for financial support.
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligent AirportOverview
• Background– Airport challenge – Project aims & objectives– Introduction to Radio over Fibre for Inbuilding DAS
• Progress– Radio over fiber (RoF) distributed antenna system
(DAS) RFID system– RFID range enhancement with improved reliability– RFID real time location system (RTLS)
•
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirportThe Airport Challenge
Services to be supported in airport environment (mean data rates):
1,000 Fixed and 500 Mobile Video Cameras - 10 Gb/s500 Displays - 10 Gb/s500 Biometric Scanners - 10 Gb/sPrivate and Public Fixed and Wireless LAN - 20 Gb/sCellular services - 10 Gb/sTETRA and private radio - 0.5 Gb/sPassive RFID - 0.2 Gb/s Active locatable RFID - 5 Gb/s
Aggregate Mean Rate 65.7 Gb/s, assumed Aggregate Peak Rate 100 Gb/s
AndThe system must be upgradeable, scalable, resilient and secure
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirport
Server Fixed Ethernet802.11WLAN
IT Equipment Room(s)
Ethernet switch
< 100m
Main Hub Hub
AntennaUnit
AntennaUnit
IT Closet
Main Hub
Cellular/PCS/PagersTetra/PDAs/Private Radio
Cellular Operator 2
Base Station
HubWireless Coverage Area
AntennaUnit
AntennaUnit
AccessPoint
AccessPoint
Current Airport Installations
Cellular/PCS/PagersTetra/PDAs/Private RadioBase Station
X n
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirport
IT Room
Central Units
RfID
First Phase Airport Network
Cellular Operators
WLAN, Cellular RFID Coverage
AntennaUnit
AntennaUnit
WLAN, Cellular RFID Coverage
AntennaUnit
AntennaUnit
Splitter/Combiner Unit
Splitter/Combiner Unit
DataServer
Single Wired/Wireless
Infrastructure
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirport
Description/Problem Statement: • Ubiquitous in-building Real Time Location Systems (RTLS) today are limited by costly active tags and short range portal readers of passive RFID tags. • Requirement for distributed multi-service communications and sensing system
Approach: • Use of distributed antenna system (DAS) technology to
• improve RFID detection accuracy and coverage• provide large area, accurate RTLS coverage over shared WiFi networks.
• Construction of Demonstrator of DAS supported RTLS over RFID sensors and WiFi network over a shared infrastructure.
Project Summary
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirport
The INtelligent Airport (TINA)A Self-Organising, Wired/Wireless Converged Machine.
• Will manage a wide range of fixed and mobile equipment, including passenger information and entertainment services.
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirportWhy RFID over Fibre in Airports?
• Allows tagging of other items e.g. passengers– Late passengers contribute to 10% of all delays in UK– Extremely expensive for airline business models– Different airlines would use passenger location
information in different ways!• Security
– Tagging of passenger, along with video, would reveal suspicious behaviour
– Monitoring of security areas
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirport
• Demonstration of enhanced passive UHF RFID coverage with optically-fed distributed multi-antenna system (DAS)
The read accuracy of multiple tags is increased from 79% to 100%.
• Demonstration of enhanced read rate/speed using a DAS system
A >30% improvement over a conventional system.
• Demonstration of enhanced location accuracy in UHF RFID system
An average of 0.54m range error is achieved in a triple antenna DAS.
Progress
YOUR LOGO HERE
• Unreliable coverage from outdoor cells
• Fewer RF transceivers needed compared to distributed radios
• Analogue links may be coax cable (<100m) or fibre (>100m)
• Wideband versions can carry all required baseband and radio services
• Aim to allow passive UHF RFID as well
RoF DAS for Enhanced Coverage in Airports
3G
+
.11a .11b/g3G
+
.11a .11b/g
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirportA Schematic of a Typical Duplex Radio
over Fiber (RoF) System
•RoF allows longer transmission distances.
•RoF also allows to distribute signals to a number of antennas and thus the field of view of the reader can be greatly expanded.
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirportDemonstration of Error Free Operation
Using a Commercial RFID System
-0.5-0.25
00.25
0.5
05
1015
20-90-80-70-60-50-40-30
(m)
DAS system
(m)
RS
SI (
dB)
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
X (m)
Y (m
)
Rx (-1, 0)
Tx (1, 0)
(1.25, 9.75) Tx
Rx (1, 19)
Tx (-1, 19)
Rx(1.25, 11.75)
AU1
AU2
AU3
19 x 2 m area. +31 dBm EIRP output power, UK frequency band
-0.5-0.25
00.25
0.5
0 5
1015
20-90-80-70-60-50-40-30
(m)
DAS system
(m)
RS
SI (
dB)
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirport
• The number of read locations is increased from <80% to 100%, providing a >20% improvement in the current UHF RFID system.
-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -350
0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
RSSI (dB)
CD
F
DAS system
Triple antenna DASTriple antenna DAS with optimization
Demonstration of Error Free Operation Using a Commercial RFID System
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirportProviding Location in optical DAS RFID
system
Estimating the location of passive UHF RFID tag is a major challenge due to the narrow bandwidth available.
The most common techniques are based on RSSI location algorithms. However, multi-path effects, fading and nulls result in the RSSI being only a weak function of range.
Accurate location can be achieved using DAS RFID as the degree of fading can be estimated by making several observations of the same tag. In this way error due to multi-path can be calibrated out.
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirportTracking/Location System GUI
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirportApplication Software Integration With
Hong Kong TINA Project
Intel R1000
CambridgeSoftware
MySQLDatabase
HK-TINASoftware
YOUR LOGO HERE
The INtelligentAirportSummary
Real time locating system (RTLS)
A prototype real time location system (location accuracy of <1m) has been demonstrated based on low cost passive UHF RFID. Software from HKPU has also demonstrated to show how location information could be used in the airport environment.
Demo of enhanced read success rate and read speed
A High Read rate/speed and error free UHF RFID Interrogation system using a new form of wireless signal distribution has also be demonstrated. This has shown a >30% improvement in read rate/speed over a conventional RFID system.
These developments will for the first time enable the use of low cost, passive tags where high resolution location is required.
