rfid based luggage tracking system with security...

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International Journal Of Advanced Research and Innovation -Vol.7, Issue .I ISSN Online: 2319 – 9253

Print: 2319 – 9245

IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 510

RFID Based Luggage Tracking System With Security Alerts

Velpula Vijaya Kumar 1, Sk.Meeravali 2

RRS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY, MUTHANGI,MEDAK.

Abstract:- Mobile phones have become a widespread means of communication. It becomes a

part of everyday life with ever more people enjoying the service and extra freedom they provide.

It works on the basis of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). A subscriber from

any systems can access telecommunication services by using a Subscriber Identify Module

(SIM). The Short Message Service allows text messages to be sent and received to and from

mobile telephones. The text can comprise words or numbers or an alphanumeric combination.

Because Simple person - to - person messaging is such an important component of total SMS

traffic volumes, anything that simplifies message generation as well as extended utility of the

SMS being sent is an important enabler of Short Message Service. Radio Frequency

Identification (RFID) is a promising technology that has been implemented lately

inairports. RFID tags are used to identify details of passengers' luggage. This paper investigates

the use of an interactive bracelet that communicates with the RFID system by mean of a database

application. The database system interacts with the bracelet using messages that inform the

passenger about his luggage status. A GSM modem is interfaced to the to the microcontroller.

There is an unique password for everyone’s luggage that will be known only by the user. So if

he enter the wrong password that message will be sent to the authorized person through GSM.

The proposed database design in controller implementation is also discussed to describe the

different functionalities of the application. This project uses regulated 5v, 500mA power supply.

7805 and 7812 three terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full

wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12v step down transformer.

The RFID module requires a separate +5v power supply.

Keywords: - RFID,GSM,Moblie phone, Micro Controller.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

I.INTRODUCTION

An Embedded System is a combination of

computer hardware and software, and

perhaps additional mechanical or other parts,

designed to perform a specific function. An

embedded system is a microcontroller-

based, software driven, reliable, real-time

control system, autonomous, or human or

network interactive, operating on diverse

physical variables and in diverse

environments and sold into a competitive

and cost conscious market.

An embedded system is not a computer

system that is used primarily for processing,

not a software system on PC or UNIX, not a

traditional business or scientific application.

High-end embedded & lower end embedded

systems. High-end embedded system -

Generally 32, 64 Bit Controllers used with

OS. Examples Personal Digital Assistant

and Mobile phones etc .Lower end

embedded systems - Generally 8,16 Bit

Controllers used with an minimal operating

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systems and hardware layout designed for

the specific purpose.

SYSTEM DESIGN CALLS:

Figure: Embedded system design calls

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN CYCLE

Figure:2(b) “V Diagram”

Characteristics of Embedded System

• An embedded system is any

computer system hidden inside a

product other than a computer.

• They will encounter a number of

difficulties when writing embedded

system software in addition to those

we encounter when we write

applications

– Throughput – Our system

may need to handle a lot of

data in a short period of time.

– Response–Our system may

need to react to events

quickly

– Testability–Setting up

equipment to test embedded

software can be difficult

– Debugability–Without a

screen or a keyboard, finding

out what the software is

doing wrong (other than not

working) is a troublesome

problem

– Cost – Reducing the cost of

the hardware is a concern in

many embedded system

projects; software often

operates on hardware that is

barely adequate for the job.

• Embedded systems have a

microprocessor/ microcontroller and

a memory. Some have a serial port

or a network connection. They

usually do not have keyboards,

screens or disk drives.

APPLICATIONS

1) Military and aerospace embedded

software applications

2) Communication Applications

3) Industrial automation and process

control software

4) Mastering the complexity of

applications.

5) Reduction of product design time.

6) Real time processing of ever

increasing amounts of data.

7) Intelligent, autonomous sensors.

CLASSIFICATION

Real Time Systems.

RTS is one which has to respond to

events within a specified deadline.

A right answer after the dead line is a

wrong answer.

RTS CLASSIFICATION

Hard Real Time Systems

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Soft Real Time System

HARD REAL TIME SYSTEM

"Hard" real-time systems have very

narrow response time.

Example: Nuclear power system,

Cardiac pacemaker.

SOFT REAL TIME SYSTEM

"Soft" real-time systems have

reduced constrains on "lateness" but

still must operate very quickly and

repeatable.

Example: Railway reservation

system – takes a few extra seconds

the data remains valid.

ARM(Advanced Risc Machine)

ARM stands for Advanced RISC

machine. The first processor in ARM family

was developed at Acorn Computers Ltd

between October 1983 and April 1985.

Acorn Computers was a British computer

company established in Cambridge,

England, in 1978. The company worked for

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)

processor design. The company produced a

variety of of computers which were very

popular in the United Kingdom. These

included the Acorn Electron, the BBC Micro

and the Acorn Archimedes. Particularly

BBC Micro computer dominated the UK

educational computer market during the

1980s and early 1990s.

ARM Limited is a processors

design and development company,

headquartered in Cambridge, England, UK.

Founded in 1990, The ARM company was

founded as a joint venture between Acorn

Computers, Apple Computer and VLSI

Technology, intended to further the

development of the Acorn RISC Machine's

RISC chip.

Today ARM company is

considered to be market dominant in the

field of mobile phone chips, due to its power

saving features. Over the last 15 years, the

ARM architecture has become most

pervasive architecture for several 32 bit

embedded processing applications. The most

successful implementation has been the

ARM7TDMI with hundreds of millions sold

in almost every kind of microcontroller

equipped products. ARM offers its popular

microcontroller and microprocessor cores1

which are manufactured by several leading

chip manufacturers. On 22nd

Jan, 2008,

ARM announced that the total number of

processors shipped by its Partners has

exceeded ten billion.

II. LPC2148 (ARM7)

MICROCONTROLLER

The LPC2148 microcontrollers

are based on a 32 bit ARM7TDMI-S

CPU with real-time emulation and

embedded trace support, that

combines the microcontroller with

embedded high speed flash memory

of 512 kB. A 128-bit wide memory

interface and a unique accelerator

architecture enable 32-bit code

execution at the maximum clock rate.

For critical code size applications, the

alternative 16-bit Thumb mode

reduces the code by more than 30 %

with minimal performance penalty.

Due to their tiny size and

low power consumption, LPC2148

microcontrollers are ideal for the

applications where miniaturization is

a key requirement, such as access

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control and point-of-sale. A blend of

serial communications interfaces

ranging from a USB 2.0 Full Speed

device, multiple UARTS, SPI, SSP to

I2Cs and on-chip SRAM of 8 kB up

to 40 kB, make these devices very

well suited for communication

gateways and protocol converters, soft

modems, voice recognition and low

end imaging, providing both large

buffer size and high processing

power. Various 32-bit timers, single

or dual 10-bit ADC(s), 10-bit DAC,

PWM channels and 45 fast GPIO

lines with up to nine edge or level

sensitive external interrupt pins make

these microcontrollers particularly

suitable for industrial control and

medical systems.

Features of LPC2148 Microcontroller

:-

16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S

microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64

package.

8 to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM

and 32 to 512 kB of on-chip flash

program memory.

128 bit wide interface/accelerator

enables high speed 60 MHz operation.

In-System/In-Application

Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-

chip boot-loader software. Single

flash sector or full chip erase in

400 ms and programming of 256

bytes in 1 ms.

EmbeddedICE RT and Embedded

Trace interfaces offer real-time

debugging with the on-chip

RealMonitor software and high

speed tracing of instruction

execution.

USB 2.0 Full Speed compliant

Device Controller with 2 kB of

endpoint RAM.

In addition, the LPC2146/8 provide 8

kB of on-chip RAM accessible to

USB by DMA.

One or two (LPC2141/2 vs.

LPC2144/6/8) 10-bit A/D

converters provide a total of 6/14

analog inputs, with conversion

times as low as 2.44 μs per

channel.

Single 10-bit D/A converter

provides variable analog output.

Two 32-bit timers/external event

counters (with four capture and

four compare

channels each), PWM unit (six

outputs) and watchdog.

Low power real-time clock with

independent power and dedicated

32 kHz clock input.

Multiple serial interfaces including

two UARTs (16C550), two Fast

I2C-bus

(400 kbit/s), SPI and SSP with

buffering and variable data length

capabilities.

Vectored interrupt controller with

configurable priorities and vector

addresses.

Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast

general purpose I/O pins in a tiny

LQFP64 package.

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Up to nine edge or level sensitive

external interrupt pins available.

60 MHz maximum CPU clock

available from programmable on-

chip PLL with settling time of 100

μs.

On-chip integrated oscillator

operates with an external crystal in

range from 1 MHz to 30 MHz and

with an external oscillator up to 50

MHz.

Power saving modes include Idle

and Power-down.

Individual enable/disable of

peripheral functions as well as

peripheral clock scaling for

additional power optimization.

Processor wake-up from Power-

down mode via external interrupt,

USB, Brown-Out Detect (BOD)

or Real-Time Clock (RTC).

Single power supply chip with

Power-On Reset (POR) and BOD

circuits:

– CPU operating voltage range

of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V ± 10 %) with

5 V tolerant I/O pads.

Block Diagram of LPC2148

Microcontroller :-

Description about the Block Diagram :-

On chip Flash Program Memory : -

LPC 2148 is having 512 kB Flash

memory. This memory may be used

for both code and data storage.

Programming of the flash memory

may be accomplished in several

ways(ISP/IAP).

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On chip Static RAM :-

On-chip static RAM may be used

for code and/or data storage. The

SRAM may be accessed as 8-bit, 16-

bit, and 32-bit. An 8 kB SRAM block

intended to be utilized mainly by the

USB

Interrupt Controller :-

The Vectored Interrupt Controller

(VIC) accepts all of the interrupt

request inputs and categorizes them as

Fast Interrupt Request (FIQ), vectored

Interrupt Request (IRQ), and non-

vectored IRQ as defined by

programmable settings.

Analog to Digital Converter :-

LPC2148 contains two analog to

digital converters(ADC0 & ADC1 ).

Total number of available ADC inputs

is 14. These two ADC’s are 10 bit

successive approximation analog to

digital converters. Measurement range

of 0 V to VREF. Global Start

command for both converters.

Digital to Analog Converter :-

The DAC enables to generate a

variable analog output. The maximum

DAC output voltage is the VREF

voltage. 10-bit DAC. Buffered

output. Power-down mode available.

USB 2.0 Device Controller :-

The USB is a 4-wire serial bus

that supports communication

between a host and a number (127

max) of peripherals. Enables 12

Mbit/s data exchange with a USB host

controller. A DMA controller

(available only in LPC2146/48) can

transfer data between an endpoint

buffer and the USB RAM.

UART :- LPC2148 contains two

UARTs( UART0 & UART1). In

addition to standard transmit and

receive data lines, the LPC2148

UART1 also provides a full

modem control handshake

interface. 16 byte Receive and

Transmit FIFOs. It contains Built-

in fractional baud rate generator

covering wide range of baud rates

without a need for external crystals

of particular values.

I2C-bus serial I/O controller :- I

2C

is a bidirectional. It is a multi-

master bus, it can be controlled by

more than one bus master

connected to it. It supports bit

rates up to 400 kbit/s.

Bidirectional data transfer between

masters and slaves. Serial clock

synchronization allows devices

with different bit rates to

communicate via one serial bus.

Serial clock synchronization can

be used as a handshake mechanism

to suspend and resume serial

transfer.

SPI serial I/O control :- It is s a full

duplex serial interface, designed to

handle multiple masters and slaves

connected to a given bus.

Synchronous, Serial, Full Duplex

Communication.

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SSP serial I/O control :- Supports

full duplex transfers. Data frames

of 4 bits to 16 bits of data flowing

from the master to the slave and

from the slave to the master.

Synchronous serial

communication. Master or slave

operation. 8-frame FIFOs for both

transmit and receive. Four bits to

16 bits per frame

Timers :- LPC 2148 has two 32-bit

timer/counters with a

programmable 32-bit prescaler. It

also having external External event

counter. Four 32-bit capture

channels per timer/counter that can

take a snapshot of the timer value

when an input signal transitions. A

capture event may also optionally

generate an interrupt.

III. KEIL SOFTWARE

Keil compiler is software used where the

machine language code is written and

compiled. After compilation, the machine

source code is converted into hex code

which is to be dumped into the

microcontroller for further processing. Keil

compiler also supports C language code.

STEPS TO WRITE AN ASSEMBLY

LANGUAGE PROGRAM IN KEIL AND

HOW TO COMPILE IT:

1. Install the Keil Software in the PC in

any of the drives.

2. After installation, an icon will be

created with the name “Keil

uVision3”. Just drag this icon onto

the desktop so that it becomes easy

whenever you try to write programs

in Keil.

3. Double click on this icon to start the

keil compiler.

4. A page opens with different options

in it showing the project workspace

at the leftmost corner side, output

window in the bottom and an ash

coloured space for the program to be

written.

5. Now to start using the keil, click on

the option “project”.

6. A small window opens showing the

options like new project, import

project, open project etc. Click on

“New project”.

7. A small window with the title bar

“Create new project” opens. The

window asks the user to give the

project name with which it should be

created and the destination location.

The project can be created in any of

the drives available. You can create a

new folder and then a new file or can

create directly a new file.

8. After the file is saved in the given

destination location, a window opens

where a list of vendors will be

displayed and you have to select the

device for the target you have

created.

9. The most widely used vendor is

Atmel. So click on Atmel and now

the family of microcontrollers

manufactured by Atmel opens. You

can select any one of the

microcontrollers according to the

requirement.

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IV.CONCLUSION

We are implementing this

project by using RFID&GSM.RFID

technology can be used for identification,

tracking, locating and monitoring both

people and items. As the cost of the RFID

technology has begun to fall, currently the

baggage tracking is the field in the aviation

sector where RFID has proved most useful,

and is becoming widely adopted.Using

RFID for passenger and baggage handling

makes the processes fully automated and

minimises the manual task.

V. REFERANCES

[1] Abdel-hafeez.S.,Sawalmeh.A. and

Bataineh.S.,“High Performance AES Design using

Pipelining Structure over GF(28)” IEEE Inter

Conf.Signal Proc and Com.,vol.24-27, pp.716-

719,Nov. 2007

[2] J.Yang, J.Ding, N.Li and Y.X.Guo,“FPGA-based

design and implementation of reduced AES

algorithm” IEEE Inter.Conf. Chal Envir Sci Com

Engin(CESCE).,Vol.02, Issue.5-6, pp.67-70, Jun

2010.

[3] A.M.Deshpande, M.S.Deshpande and

D.N.Kayatanavar,“FPGA Implementation of AES

Encryption and Decryption”IEEE

Inter.Conf.Cont,Auto,Com,and Ener., vol.01,issue04,

pp.1-6,Jun.2009.

[4] Hiremath.S. and Suma.M.S.,“Advanced

Encryption Standard Implemented on FPGA” IEEE

Inter.Conf. Comp Elec

Engin.(IECEE),vol.02,issue.28,pp.656-

660,Dec.2009.

[5] AI-Wen Luo, Qing-Ming Yi, Min Shi. “Design

and Implementation of Area-optimized AES on

FPGA” ,IEEE Inter.conf.chal sci com engin.,978-1-

61284-109-0/2011.

[6] Rizk.M.R.M. and Morsy, M., “Optimized Area

and Optimized Speed Hardware Implementations of

AES on FPGA”, IEEE Inter Conf. Desig Tes

Wor.,vol.1,issue.16,pp.207-217, Dec. 2007.

[7] Liberatori.M.,Otero.F.,Bonadero.J.C. and

Castineira.J. “AES-128 Cipher. High Speed, Low

Cost FPGA Implementation”, IEEE Conf. Southern

Programmable ogic(SPL),vol.04,issue.07,pp.195-

198,Jun. 2007.

[8] Abdelhalim.M.B., Aslan.H.K. and Farouk.H. “A

design for an FPGAbased implementation of Rijndael

cipher”,ITICT. Ena Techn N Kn Soc.(ETNKS),

vol.5,issue.6,pp.897-912,Dec.2005.

[9] Fedaral Information Processing Standards

publication 197 November 26,2001”ADVANCED

ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES)”. [10] “Architectures and VLSI Implementations of the

AES-Proposal” Rijndael. N. Sklavos and O.

Koufopavlou,.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON

COMPUTERS, VOL. 51, NO. 12, DECEMBER

2002.

[11] NIST, “Advanced Encryption Standard

(AES)”,NIST,FIPS-197,2001.

[12] http : // Advanced Encryption Standard-

wikipedia , the free encyclopedia.html.

rfid based luggage tracking system with security...

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