What is RFID?• Radio Frequency Identification: Identify

physical objects through a radio interface. Many different technologies called “RFID”. Others types of auto-ID systems include:

Optical barcodes Radiological tracers Chemical taggants

RFID System

Three Main Components:

• Tags, or transponders, affixed to objects and carry identifying data.

• Readers, or transceivers, read or write tag data and interface with back-end databases.

• Back-end databases correlate data stored on tags with physical objects.

6.857 Lecture - November 2, 2004

RFID Adhesive Labels

4 cm

6.857 Lecture - November 2, 2004

An RFID “Smart Shelf”

Reader

System Interface

Reader

01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C

Tag Database

Reader

Network

DataProcessing

RFID History Earliest Patent: John Logie Baird (1926) “Identify Friend or Foe” (IFF) systems developed

by the British RAF to identify friendly aircraft. Both sides secretly tracked their enemy’s IFF. How do you identify yourself only to your

friends?Don’t shoot! We’re British!

Oh. We’re British too!

Related Military Applications

IFF still used today for aircraft and missiles. Obviously classified.

Could envision an IFF system for soldiers. Lots of military interest in pervasive

networks of cheap, RFID-like sensors. Monitoring pipelines, detecting biological

agents, tracking munitions, etc.

Commercial Applications

Early Applications: Tracking boxcars and shipping containers. Cows: RFID ear tags. Bulky, rugged, and expensive devices.

The RFID Killer Application?

Supply-Chain Management(Not Gum)

First Universal Product Code scanned was on a pack of Juicy Fruit gum in 1976.

Every day, over five billion barcodes are scanned around the world.

But barcodes are slow, need line of sight, physical alignment, and take up packaging “real estate”.

Over one billion RFID tags on the market. Example: Gillette’s “shrinkage” problem.

Modern RFID Applications

Supply-Chain Management Inventory Control Logistics Retail Check-Out

Access Control: Company Cards

Payment Systems: Express WAY

Medical Records: New born Baby .

Weird Implementations of RFID

India and RFID

Few Examples

Transport industry The Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India, launched a pilot project for radio frequency identification (RFID)-based vehicle tracking project on the Delhi-Jaipur highway of India.

Under the project, 68 buses of Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) plying on the highway have been fitted with RFID tags and readers have been placed to track the vehicle movement along the highway, whereby their movement is being tracked, monitored and managed

Apparel Tracking Using RFID –PantaloonsPantaloon Retail (India) has piloted an RFID project at one its warehouses in Tarapur using 1,000 RFID tags. The company is starting from where it matters the most by implementing the technology at the warehouse.

TicketingMore recently, NXP Semiconductors, SmartTags and Gemini Traze have collaborated to implement a “hands-free” RFID ticketing solution for a sporting event.

RFID Hacking

Faradays CAGE (Shop Lifting) RFID based Identification theftRFID DOS attacks RFID based Virus attacks

Counter Measures

Smart RFID tags with RSA Smart Readers Kill Switch

Thank you

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