RHEOLOGY Volume 3: Applications

KHEOWGY Volume 3: Applications

Edited by

Giovanni Astarita Giuseppe Marrucci

Luigi Nicolais University of Naples

Naples, Italy

PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

International Congress on Rheology, 8th, Naples, 1980. Rheology.

Proceedings of the International Congress on Rheology; 8th, 1980) Includes indexes. 1. Rheology - Congresses. 2. Polymers and polymerization - Congresses.

3. Fluid dyanmics - Congresses. 4. Suspensions (Chemistry) - Congresses. I. Astarita, Giovanni. II. Marrucci, G. III. Nicolais, Luigi. IV. Title. V. Series: International Congress on Rheology. Proceedings; 8th, 1980. QC189.I52 8th,1980 [QCI89.5.Al] 531'.11s [531'.11] ISBN 978-1-4684-3748-5 ISBN 978-1-4684-3746-1 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-3746-1

Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Rheology, held in Naples, Italy, September 1-5,1980, published in three parts of which this is Volume 3.

© 1980 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980

A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,

recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

VIII INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY

Naples, Septemberl-5, 1980

HONORARYCOMMnnEE

PRESIDENT

Prof. J. Kubat, President, International Committee on Rheology

MEMBERS

Dr. G. Ajroldi, Past President, Italian Society of Rheology Prof. U. L. Businaro, Director of Research, FIAT

Dr. E. Cemia, Director, Assoreni Prof. C. Ciliberto, Vice-President, C.N.R.

Prof. G. Cuomo, Rector, University of Naples Dr. A. Del Piero, Director, Tourism Bureau, Town of Naples

Dr. D. Deuringer, Director RAJ, Radio-Television Network, Naples Prof. F. Gasparini, Dean, Engineering School, University of Naples

Porf. L. Malatesta, President, Chemistry Committee, C.N.R. Prof. L. Massimilla, Past Dean, Engineering School, University of Naples Prof. A. B. Metzner, Fletcher Brown Professor, University of Delaware

Prof. N. Polese,President, University Social Services, Naples Prof. M. Silvestri, President, Technical Committee, C.N.R.

Prof. N. W. Tschoegl, Secretary, International Committee on Rheology Sen. M. Valenzi, Mayor, Town of Naples

Prof. A. Valvassori, Director, Istituto Donegani

ORGANIZING COMMnnEE

Prof. G. Astarita, President Prof. G. Marrucci

Prof. L. Nicolais, Secretary

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Support from the following Institutions in gratefully acknowledged:

Alitalia, Linee Aeree Italiane, Rappresentanza di Napoli

Assoreni

Azienda Antonoma di Soggiorno, Cura e Turismo di Napoli

Azienda Autonoma di Soggiorno, Cura e Turismo di Sorrento

Centro Ricerche FIAT, S.p.A.

Comitato per la Chimica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

Comitato Tecnologico del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

Istituto Donegani S.p.A.

Opera Universitaria, Napoli

RAI, Radiotelevisione Italiana, Sede Regionale per la Campania

Societa Italiana di Reologia

U.S. Air Force

Universita di Napoli

CONTENTS OF THE VOLUMES

VOLUME 1: PRINCIPLES

Invited Lectures (IL) Theory (TH)

VOLUME 2: FLUIDS

Fluid Dynamics (FD) Rheometry (RH)

Polymer Solutions (PS) Polymer Melts (ML)

Suspensions (SS)

VOLUME 3: APPliCATIONS

Polymer Processing (PC) Rubber (RB)

Polymer Solids (SO) Biorheology (BR)

Miscellaneous (MS) Late Papers (LP)

PREFACE

At the VIIth International Congress on Rheology, which was held in Goteborg in 1976, Proceedings were for the first time printed in advance and distributed to all participants at the time of the Congress. Although of course we Italians would be foolish to even try to emulate our Swedish friends as far as efficiency of organization is concerned, we decided at the very beginning that, as far as the Proceedings were concerned, the VIIIth International Congress on Rheology in Naples would follow the standards of time­liness set by the Swedish Society of Rheology. This book is the result we have obtained. We wish to acknowledge the cooperation of Plenum Press in producing it within the very tight time schedule available.

Every four years, the International Congress on Rheology represents the focal point where all rheologists meet, and the state of the art is brought up to date for everybody interested; the Proceedings represent the written record of these milestones of scientific progress in rheology. We have tried to make use of the traditions of having invited lectures, and of leaving to the organizing committee the freedom to choose the lecturers as they see fit, in order to collect a group of invited lectures which gives as broad as possible a landscape of the state of the art in every relevant area of rheology. The seventeen invited lectures are collected in the first volume of the proceedings. We wish to express our thanks, for agreeing to prepare these lectures on subjects suggested by ourselves, and for the effort to do so in the scholarly and elegant way that the reader will appreciate, to all the invited lectures: R.B.Bird, D.V.Boger, B.D.Coleman, J.M.Dealy, P.De Gennes, C.D.Denson, H.Janeschitz-Kriegl, A.Y.Malkin, R.A. Mashelkar, S.Onogi, C.J.S.Petrie, R.F.Schwarzl, J.Silberberg, K.Te Nijenhuis, C.A.Truesdell, K.Walters, K.Wichterle.

x PREFACE

As for the organization of the Congress itself, at the time of writing it is still in the future, and we can only hope that it will work out smoothly. If it does, a great deal of merit will be due to the people who have agreed to act as Chairmen of the individual sessions, and we wish to acknowledge here their help: J.J.Benbow, B.Bernstein, H.C.Booij, B.Caswell, Y.Chen, M.Crochet, P.K.Currie, M.M.Denn, A.T.Di Benedetto, H.Giesekus, J.C.Halpin, A.Hoffmann, Y.Ivanov, L.P.B.Janssen, T.E.R.Jones, W.M.Jones, H.Kambe, J.L.Kardos, E.A.Kearsley, J.Klein, K.Kirschke, S.L.Koh, J.Kubat, R.F.Landel, R.L.Laurence, G.L.Leal, C.Marco, J.Meissner, B.Mena, A.B.Metzner, S.Middleman, Y.F.Missirlis, S.L.Passman, S.T.T.Peng, J.R.A.Pearson, R.S.Porter, P.Quemada, A.Ram, C.K.Rha, W.R. Schowalter , J.C.Seferis, C.L.Sieglaff, S.S.Sternstein, R.I. Tanner, N.Tschoegl, J.Vlachopoulos, J.L.White, C.Wolff, L.J.Zapas.

The contributed papers have been grouped in eleven subject areas: theory; fluid dynamics; rheometry; polymer solutions; polymer melts; suspensions; polymer processing; rubber; polymeric solids; biorheology; miscellaneous. Of these, the first one (theory) has been included in the first volume together with the invited lectures; the next five, which all deal with fluid-like materials, have been included in the second volume, and the last five have benn included in the third volume. Categorizations such as these invariably have a degree of arbitrariness, and borderline cases where a paper could equally well have been included in two different categories do exist; we hope the subject index is detailed enough to guide the reader to any paper which may be placed in a category unexpected from the reader's viewpoint.

Rheology is not synonymous with Polymer Science, yet sometimes it almost seems to be: papers dealing with polymeric materials represent the great majority of the content of this book. Regret­ting that not enough work is being done on the rheology of non­polymeric materials is an exercise in futility; yet this does seem an appropriate time for reiterating this often repeated consideration.

We would like to have a long list of people whose help in organizing the Congress we would need to acknowledge here. Unfortunately, there are no entries to such a list, with the exception of young coworkers and students who have helped before the time of writing, and will help after it. To these we extend our sincere and warmest thanks; their unselfishness is further confirmed by our inability to report their names. With this

PREFACE xi

exception, we have organized the technical part of the Congress sing1ehanded1y, and we state this not because we are proud of it, but only as a partial excuse for any mishaps that may, and unfortunately will, take place.

We regret that only the abstract of some papers appear in the Proceedings. The mail service being what it is, some papers did not reach us in time for inclusion in the Proceedings; others reached us in time, but were not prepared in the recommended form. Also, some abstracts reached us so late that there was no time left for preparation of the final paper.

At the very end of the third volume, we have collected what­ever information (title, abstract, or complete paper) we could on contributed papers the very existence of which became known to us after we had prepared the Table of Contents, Author Index and Subject Index. Again, we apologize for this.

Finally, we want to express our most sincere wishes of success to whoever will be in charge of organizing the IXth International Congress in 1984. Based on our own experience, and in view of the Orwellian overtones of the date, we cannot avoid being pleased at the thought that, whoever it is, it will not be us.

Naples, 1st March 1980 Gianni Astarita Giuseppe Marrucci Luigi Nicolais

CONTENTS

VOLUME 3,- APPLICATIONS

NOTE: Papers identified by the 0 sign were not received in time for inclusion in this book, and only the abstract is included.

Preface

PC 1.1

POLYMER PROCESSING

Non-isothermal flows of Viscoelastic Fluids . • . . • . . . .

R.K. Gupta and A.B. Metzner

PC 1.2 Sensitivity of the Stability of Isothermal Melt Spinning to Rheological Constitutive Assumptions •. . . • . . . • • . .

PC 1.3

PC 1.40

J.-C. Chang and M.M. Denn

Draw Resonance Studies of Polypropylene Melts . . • . • • • • . . .

A. Ghiljels and J.J.S.M. Ente

Quantitative Investigations of Orientation ment in Vitrifying Deforming Polymer with Application to Processing . . .

J. L. White

Develop­Melts

PC 1.5 0 Quantitative Investigations of Crystallization Kinetics and Crystalline Morphology Develop­ment in Solidifying Polymer Melts with Appli-

3

9

15

25

cation to Processing . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27 J.L. White and J.E. Spruiell

PC 1.6 Rheology in Calendering of Thermoplastics J. Vlachopoulos

PC 1.7 Flow in Injection Moulds ...•..... D.P. Isherwood, J.G. Williams, and Y.T. Yap

xiii

29

37

PC 2.1 Characterization of Extrusion Dies by the Stress Distribution at the Die Exit and the Free

PC 2.2

Recovery of Extrudate Elements E. Fischer and H.H. Winter

Influence of Wall Slip in Extrusion G. Mennig

PC 2.3 An Inelastic Approach to Extrudate Swelling R.I. Tanner

PC 2.4 Time Dependency of Extrudate Swell of Molten Polyethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . .

J.M. Dealy and A. Garcia-Rejon

PC 2.5 Design of Polymer Melt Extrusion Dies to Avoid Non-Uniformity of Flow. ....

H.A.A. Helmy and R.A. Worth

PC 2.6 Broken Section Method for Analyzing Molten Flow in Extrusion Die of Plastic Net

K. Ito, Y. Kato, and S. Kimura

PC 2.7 Rheological Behavior, Extrusion Characteristics and Viscous Dissipation in Fiber Reinforced

45

51

57

63

69

77

Polymer Melts ........ 83 B.A. Knutsson, J.L. White, and K.B. Abbas

PC. 3.1 Time-Dependent Rheological Behavior of Polymeric Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

A.I. Isayev, C.A. Hieber, R.K. Upadhyay, and S.F. Shen

PC 3.2 Phase Behavior and Rheological Properties of Amorphous Polymers Plasticized by Crystalline Solids . . . . . . . . . . 99

M.T. Shaw and J.H. Chen

PC. 3.3 Gelation and Fusion Characteristics of PVC Resins in Plastisol by Determination of their Viscoelasticity . . . . . . . . . . . 109

N. Nakajima and D.W. Ward

PC 3.4 Process Rheology in the Polymer Manufacturing for Synthetic Fibers . . . . . . . . . . 115

D. Ovid

PC 3.5/6 Multiphase Flow in Polymer Processing C.D. Han

121

CONTENTS

PC 3.7

PC 4.1

PC 4.2

PC 4.3

PC 4.5

RB 1.1

RB 1.2

RB 1.3 0

Instabilities and Disturbances on Industrial Melt Spinning . • • • •

G. Colombo, G. Manfre and S. Stellino

Analysis of the Stratified Multi-Phase Flow of Polymer Melts in Wire Coating ...•

o. Akita and K. Ito

Microstructural Orientation Distribution in Injection Molded Polyethylene Articles

M.R. Kamal and F. Moy

Melt Deformation During Parison Formation and Inflation in Extrusion Blow Molding

M.R. Kamal, D. Kalyon, V. Tan

High Modulus Polyethylene Obtained with Injection Molding . . . .

J. Kubat and J.A. Manson

Flow of Molten Polymers Used in the Synthetic Fibre

xv

129

137

143

149

157

Industry through Granular Beds . . . . .. 159 Z. Zembtowski, M. Michniewicz and J. Torzecki

Viscoelastic Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Oli­gomers and Polymers in the Process of Cross-Linking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Y.G. Yanovsky, V.I. Britzitsky and G.V. Vinogradov

RUBBER

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Urethane Elastomers by Thermally Stimulated Creep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T.E. Sayed, D. Chatain and C. Lacabanne

Rubber Networks Containing Unattached Polymer Molecules and Carbon Black,. . . .

C.C. Chuan, O. Kramer and J.D. Ferry

Determination of Constitutive Equations in Finite Elasticity ......... .

H.C. Strifors

Derivation of the Plazek Time-Chain Concentration Shift Factor for Elastomers . . . . . . .

R.F. Landel and T.J. Peng

171

177

183

185

xvi

RB 1.5

SD 1.1

SD 1.2

SD 1.3

SD 1.4

SD 1.5

SD 1.6

SD 2.1 0

SD 2.2

SD 2.3

CONTENTS

On the Transition from Linear to Non-Linear Viscoelastic Behavior of Natural Rubbers

B. Stenberg and E. Ostman

Effects of Curatives and Antidegradants on Flow of Uncured Rubber Compounds. • . • •

J .1. Leblanc

Analysis of Extrudate Swell Behavior of Rubber Compounds Using Laser Scan Detector •••

J.L. Leblanc

SOLIDS

Viscoelastic Response of a Solid Polymer After Yielding. . • • • • . . . • •

G. Rizzo and G. Titomanlio .. .. . ..

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of PC-SAN Blends. • . G. Locati and G. Giuliani

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Aromatic Poly­amidemide Degraded in N02 Atmosphere

H. Kambe and R. Yolcota

The Appearance of Nonlinear Viscoelasticity in Glassy Polymers . • . . • . . .

J.F. Jansson

The Influence of Cooling Rate on the Transition to Marked Nonlinear Viscoelasticity in Poly (Methylmethacrylate) • • . . . •

M.E. Robertsson and J.F. Jansson

Viscoelastic Models in the Rheology Polymeric Composites of (Phase-in-Phase)-in-Phase Type

H. Paven and V. Dobrescu

of Hybrid

Thermal Properties in Composites . . . . . . • . J.C. Seferis

Stress Relaxation of Glass-Bead Filled Glassy Amorphous Polystyrene .•...••

F .H.J. Maurer

Failure Properties of Filled Elastomers as Determined

187

193

195

199

205

211

217

223

229

235

237

By Strain Endurance Tests . . . •• 243 Y. Diamant, Z. Laufer and D. Katz

CONTENTS

SO 2.4

SO 2.5

SO 2.6

SO 2.7

SO 3.1

SO 3.2

SO 3.3

SO 3.4

SO 3.5

SO 3.6

SD 4.1

Aging of a Structural Adhesive • • • • • • • • • O. Katz, A. Buchman, S. Gonen

The Strength of Oriented Short Fiber Reinforced

xvii

249

Plastics ••••• • • • • • • • • • • 255 J .L. Kardos, J .C. Halpin and S.L. Chang

Deformation Behavior of Composite Particles. 261 S.K. Ahuja

Acoustical Response of Particulate-Loaded Viscoelastic Composites. • • • • • • 269

E.K. Walsh, J .W. Nunziato and S.L. Passman

The Role of Chain Entanglements and Crystals in the Orientation Process of Polymers. • • • 275

H.G. Zachmann, G.Elsner, and H.J. Biangardi

Deformation Induced Volume Relaxation in a Styrene­Butadiene Copolymer ••••.

H.G. Merriman and J.M Caruthers

A Deformation Analysis of a Polyethylene Crystal Subjected to End Forces of Stretching and

281

Lattice Expansion • • • • • • • • • • . •• 287 J.T. Fong

Induced Anisotropy of Thermal Expansivity under Large Deformations • • . • . • • . . . ..• 293

S.T.J. Peng

Viscoelastic Behavior of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate): Prediction of Extensional Response from Torsional Data . . • . • • • • • .• 299

G.B. McKenna and L.J. Zapas

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Plasticized and Filled Polymer Systems • • • • . • . 309

R. Stenson

Properties of Compatible Blends of Polycarbonate and a Copolyester. . . • . • . • . • • .• 315

P. Masi, D.R. Paul and J.W. Barlow

Relaxation Processes in Glassy Polymers and the Strain and Time Dependence of Gas Permeation . • . . . . • . • . • . . . •. 323

T.L. Smith and G. Levita

xviii

SD 4.3

SD 4.4

SD 4.5

SD 4.6

SD 5.1

SD 5.2

SD 5.4

SD 5.6

SD 5.7

SD 5.8

CONTENTS

Application of a Thermodynamically based Single Integral Constitutive Equation to Stress Relaxation and Yield in ABS . . . . . . .

C.J. Aloisio and R.A. Schapery

Irreversible Thermodynamics of Glassy Polymers .•....

K.C. Valanis and S.T.J. Peng

Characterizing Rheological Cure Behavior of Epoxy Composite Materials. . . .

R. Hinricks and J. Thuen

Conformational Energies of Polymers J.M. O'Reilly

The Rate-dependent Fracture Behavior of High Performance Sulfone Polymers ••..

R.Y. Ting and R.L. Cottington

The Influence of Crystalline Structure on the Necking-Fracture Behavior of Polyethylene . . • . • • . .

U. Gedde, B. Terselius and J.F. Jansson

Structure and Fracture of Thermally Oxidized Pipes of High-Density Polyethylene . . .

B. Terselius, U. Gedde, J.F. Jansson

Fibre Fatigue in Various Environments I.E. Clark and J.W.S. Hearle

Creep-Fatigue Rupture Prediction Models Applied on 2 1.4 Cr-1 Mo Steel at 550°C .••..

A. Benallal

Ultimate Strength of Poly(Ethylene Terephtalate) Fibres and its Relation to Thermal and

325

331

337

343

349

355

363

365

371

Mechanical History • . . • . • . .. 373 J. Vanicek, J. Militky and J. Jansa

Building of Stress-Strain Curves for Polymers on the Basis of their Mechanical Characteristics

A.B. Sinani and V.A. Stepanov

Glassy Dynamic

Kinetics of Deformation and Intermolecular Forces in Polymers . . . . . . . . . . • . . . .

W.A. Stepanov, W.A. Bershtein and N.N. Peschanskaya

379

389

CONTENTS xix

SD 6.1/2 Measurement of Dynamic Mechanical Properties Properties •••••••••••• 397

T. Murayama

SD 6.3 Rheo~optica1 Studies on the Nature of Alpha and Beta Mechanical Dispersions of Polyethylene in Relation to the Deformation Mechanisms of Spheru1itic Crystalline Texture •••• 409

H. Kawai, T. Hashimoto, S.Suehiro and T. Kyu

SD 6.4 0 On the Creep-Behavior of Materials under Compression Between Parallel Plates • • • •• 415

J. Betten

SD 6.5 Processing Induced Superstructures in Moulded Amorphous Polymers. • • . . • • . . • . 417

K.P. Grosskurth

SD 6.6 0 Effect of Variable Molecular Orientations on Stress-Crazing in Moulded Amorphous Polymers . . • . . . . . • • • • . . • 425

K.P. Grosskurth

SD 6.7 0 Viscoelastic Behavior of Composite Systems Composed of Po1ybutadiene Particles and Polystyrene at Elevated Temperatures . . • • • . . . •. 427

T. Masuda, M. Ktamura and S. Onogi

SD 6.8 Interactive Enhancement of PVC and ABS Toughness

SD 7.1

SD 7.2

SD 7.3

in their Blends, A Fracture Mechanics Investigation • . • • . . . . • . .. 429

T. Ricco, M. Rink and A. Pavan

Environmental Crazing of and Po1ycarbonate

A.T. Di Benedetto, P. and L. Nicho1ais

Po1ymethy1methacrylate

Be1lusci, M. Iannone, 435

Recovery of Uniaxially Oriented Polypropylene 443 S. Piccarolo

Dimensional Stability of Uniaxially Oriented Polystyrene Composites . . . . . . . . 451

A. Apicella and L. Nicodemo

Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene­Polypropylene Blends . . . . . . • . . . .. 459

R. Greco. G. Ragosta, E. Martuscelli, and G. Mucciariello

xx

BR 1.1/2

BR 1.4

BR 1.5

BR 1.6

BR 1.7

BR 2.1 0

BR 2.2

CONTENTS

Properties of Polystyrene-Polyolefin Alloys .. . • . . . • . . .

E. Martuscelli, C. Silvestre, R. Greco, and G. Ragosta

Strain and Strength Properties of Linear Polymers at Uniaxial Extension above their Glass

461

Transition Temperature.. ....... 463 V.Y. Dreval, Y.K. Borisenkova and G.V. Vinogradov

BIORHEOLOGY

Molecular Rheology of Human Health and Disease (Today and Tomorrow?)

L. Dintenfass

Blood: Its Role in

Analysis of Drag Reduction in Blood Flows P.N. Tandon and A.K. Kulshreshtha

Augmented Rates under the Fields

V.G. Kubair

of Oxygen Transfer to Blood Influence of Imposed Magnetic

Mass Transfer in Time Dependent Blood Flow. . . G. Akay

Erythrocyte Elasticity in Muscular Dystrophic Mice ........... .

Y.F. Missirlis, M. Vanderwel, L. Weir, and M.C. Bain

Kinetics and Morphology of Aggregation of Red Cells:

467

481

483

489

495

Preparations for the NASA Spacelab. 503 L. Dintenfass

Some Rheological Aspects of Enzyme Manufacture. . . . . . . . . 509

J.J. Benbow

Synovial Fluid Rheology, Hyaluronic Acid and Macro-molecular Network Structure •..... 511

H. Zeidler and S. Altmann

A Mathematical Formulation of the Growth of Biological Materials . . . . . 519

S.L. Koh and P. Hore

CONTENTS

BR 2.4

BR 2.5

BR 2.6

BR 2.7

BR 3.1

BR 3.2 0

BR 3.3

BR 3.4

BR 3.5

Effects of Membrane Anisotropy upon the Viscoelasticity of Spherical Cell Suspensions • • • •

A. Sakanishi and Y. Takano

Walking, Running, Jumping - An Interaction of Two Rheological Systems • . • • • • • •

B. Olofsson

Rheological Properties TS Cr • • • . •

K. Nishinari, T.E. and C. Lacabanne

of Pullulan by

Sayed, D. Chatain,

Fluid Dynamic Problems in Postdilutional Hemo­filtration with High-Flux Membranes

A. Pozzi, P. Luchini and E. Drioli

Some Results about a New Mono-Cusp Aortic Valve Prothesis • • . • . • • • •

. R. Brouwer, A. Cardon, C. Hiel and W. Welch

Aspects of Measuring Techniques in Haemorheology within the Low Shear Range. . . . . . . .

C.D. Meier

Constitutive Equations for Large Human Arteries . . • . • . . • • . . .

S. Stoychev

Velocity Profile Measurements by Laser-Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) in Plane Capillaries. Comparison with Theoretical Profiles from a Two Fluid Model • • • • . • • . . • . •

J. Dufaux, P. Quemada and P. Mills

An Optical Method for Studying Red Blood Cells Orientation and Aggregation in a Couette Flow of Blood Suspension. . . . • . . . •

P. Mills, D. Quemada and J. Dufaux

The Influence of the Internal Viscosity of Washed Red Blood Cells on their Rheological Behavior. . . . . . . • . • . . . . . .

D. Lerche, P. Mills, R. Glaser, J. Dufaux and D. Quemada

xxi

521

527

533

539

545

551

553

561

567

573

xxii

BR 3.7

MS 1.1

MS 1.2

MS 1.5

MS 2.2

MS 2.3

MS 2.4

MS 2.5

MS 2.6

CONTENTS

The Quantitative Description of the Viscoelastic Properties of Human Blood • • • • •

P. Riha

Temperature Dependency of Thixotropic Behavior of Whole Human Blood •....••.....

C.R. Huang, J.A. Su, K. Dristol and J.D. Cohn

MISCELLANEOUS

A Rheological Study of a Superplastic Sheet Metal Forming Process • • . • . • . • • .

M. Bidhendi_and T.C. Hsu

The Rheological Assessment of Propellants • . . F.S. Baker, R.E. Carter and R.C. Warren

On the Plastic Deformation of Semiconductors P. Feltham

Rheological Properties of Treated Sub-Bentonite ..•..•....

E.Z. Basta, MA M.A. Maksoud and A.T.A. Aziz

Flow Behaviour of Lubricants in Service Conditions .•

K. Kirschke

Mechanics of Failure in Tissue Specimens of the

575

581

585

591

597

599

601

Apple Cortex •....••....... 607 M.G. Sharma and N.N. Mohsenin

Rheological Characterization of Time Dependent Foodstuffs • . . . . . . . . . . . 609

DeKee, C. Turcotte and R.K. Code

Rheological Properties of Non-Acqueous Suspensions of Titanium Dioxides Stabilized with Lecithin. . • • • . . . . . . • • • . .. 615

K. Umeya, T. Kanno

Characterization of Chitosan Film • . . • . .. 621 C.A. Kienzle-Sterzer, D.R. Sanchez and C.K. Rha

Rheological Properties of Highly Dilute Visco-elastic Aqueous Detergent Solutions. . . 629

G. Gravsholt

Reinforced Hydrophyllic Materials for Surgical Implants. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

C. Migliaresi, J. Kolarik, M.I Stol and L. Nicolais

CONTENTS

MS 3.1/2

MS 3.3

MS 3.4

MS 3.5

MS 3.6

MS 3.7

Upon Viscoelastic Behavior of Compositions of the Type of Polymer Concrete • • • . •

J. Hristova

The Rheology of Polymers with Liquid Crystalline Order .• . • • • •

D.G. Baird

A Thixotropic Model for Cement Pastes . R. Lapasin. V. Longo and S. Rajgelj

On the Rheological Behavior of Cement Suspensions Tested in a Couette Rheometer • • • . • •

W. von Berg

Correspondence Between Transient and Dynamic Viscoelastic Functions in the Case of Asphalts . • . . . . .

B. de la Taille and G. Boyer

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