rhythm from the beginnging - wcs digital...

Rhythm... from the BeginngingK. Slade

Chapter 1

Beat

This image as it appears throughout this iBook is from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier,_Book_I,_Prelude_I,_opening.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier,_Book_I,_Prelude_I,_opening.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier,_Book_I,_Prelude_I,_opening.png

A beat is the most basic form of rhythm. It is the pulse of the music. It is easy to make a comparison of a heartbeat to a music beat. Just as your heart continues to pulse, the beat pulses throughout music. Sometimes the beat of music is fast, like your heart beats fast when you are running. Sometimes it is slow, like

your heart beats slower when you are resting.

A quarter note is the most basic rhythmic note, because one quarter note equals one beat. Look at the quarter note in Interactive 1.1, and discover the different parts of a quarter note.

Beat

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http://us.dk.com/static/cs/us/11/clipart/humanbody/image_body006.html

Closed Notehead

Notehead

Stem

Interactive 1.1 Touch the labels to read more about the parts of a quarter note

The easiest way to hear or see the beat is to combine 4 quarter notes into one group, or a measure. A measure ends with a barline. The beginning of music begins with a time signature. In this case, the time signature is 4/4. The top 4 means there are 4 beats in a measure. The bottom 4 means that the quarter note gets 1 beat.

Even though the beat cannot be heard, it still exists. In music, a single beat of silence is a quarter rest. A pulse is still felt during a quarter rest.

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Barline

Measure of 4 Beats

1 2 3 4

Time Signature

Play the video to hear the sound of 4 quarter notes.

Movie 1.1 What does this rhythm sound like?

Play the video to review the basic labels of music.

Movie 1.2 Label the parts of the music

= 1 beat of silence in a 4/4 time signature

= 1 beat of sound in a 4/4 time signature

While learning to read rhythm, it is often encouraged to write in the counting. There are numerous ways to write in the counting to get the same performance results. In the provided example, every beat receives its own number: 1 2 3 4. At the beginning of the next measure, the counting starts over again. All notes receive big numbers and all rests receive small numbers. In this way, we can already see what the rhythm will sound like.

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Play the video to hear a rhythm that combines quarter notes and quarter rests.


Play the video to hear another rhythm that combines quarter notes and quarter rests.


Play the video to learn one method for writing in the counting.

Movie 1.5 How do we write in the counting?

Sometimes errors occur, and writing in the counting will catch these errors. This is called error detection. The most common errors are writing too few beats or too many beats in a measure.

Before playing the next video, try to catch the errors by writing in the counting.

After learning about beats, time signatures, measures, barlines, quarter notes, quarter rests, counting, and error detection, a musician can create, or compose, music.

Assignment:

✴ Compose 3 measures of rhythm.

✴ Use a 4/4 time signature.

✴ Use only quarter notes and quarter rests.

✴ Check your work by writing in the counting.

Watch the video, and use it as a guide. Your assignment should look and sound different from the example given and from anyone else’s!

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Play the video to follow the steps of error detection.

Movie 1.6 Where are the errors?

Movie 1.7 Assignment example

Review 1.1 Review Chapter 1: Beats

Check Answer

Question 1 of 7What is another name for beat?

A. Measure

B. Pulse

C. Barline

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Chapter 2

Long Symbols

Notes and rests can be various lengths when you combine and divide beats. Combining long notes or rests with short notes or rests is what makes music interesting and fun to listen to.

To understand the labels of the symbols, a comparison to math can be made. Imagine that one measure is equivalent to an entire pizza. One measure is 4 beats. When the pizza is divided into slices, then the pizza becomes smaller. Thus, our measurement of 1 beat is smaller than 1 measure.

To break the pizza into four parts, each part represents one quarter (1/4) of the pizza. If each measure is 4 beats, then one quarter of 4 beats is 1 beat

(4 X 1/4 = 1). Therefore, one beat equals one quarter note.

Break the whole pizza, or measure, into half. How many beats would be in one half note?

(Hint: 4 X 1/2 = ?)

The answer is two.

One half note will make two beats of sound. Look at the half note and discover the parts of a half note.

Long Symbols

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1 Pizza =1 MeasureOpen Notehead

Notehead

Stem

Interactive 2.1 Touch the labels to learn more about the parts of a half note.

1 Measure = 4 Beats

The counting for a half note looks different than a quarter note, because it sounds different. This next example shows that each half note receives two consecutive numbers. The second number is written differently than the first number to show that the note will sound for two beats. The short line under the second number means to hold out the sound as opposed to representing silence.

Sometimes, you will hear two beats of silence. This silence will be represented by a half rest, which looks like an old-fashioned top hat. Look at the example below to learn how to write in the counting for a half rest. Notice that the second beat of the half note is underlined, but the third and fourth beats in the half rest are not, because they represent silence.

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1 3 2 4

Play the video to practice the counting and hear what half notes sound like on an unpitched instrument and on a pitched instrument.

Movie 2.1 What does a half note sound like?

1 .2 3 4

Play the video to practice the counting and hear what half rests sound like on an unpitched and on a pitched instrument.

Movie 2.2 What does a half rest sound like?

Half Rest

A whole note lasts a whole measure. A measure in 4/4 time will contain 4 beats. How many beats will a whole note last?

(Hint: 4 X 1 = ?)

The answer is a whole note will receive 4 beats of sound. Look at this example to see how to write in the counting. Notice how beats 2, 3, and 4 are still underlined even though they are small.

Sometimes, you will hear 4 beats of silence. A whole rest looks like an upside-down half rest. In the counting example below, notice how all numbers are small and are not underlined.

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1 . 2 3 4 .

Play the video to practice the counting and hear what a whole note sound like on an unpitched and on a pitched instrument.

Movie 2.3 What does a whole note sounds like?

__________1 2 3 4

Play the video to practice the counting and hear what a whole rest sound like on an unpitched and on a pitched instrument.

Movie 2.4 What does a whole rest sounds like?

Assignment:



✴ Use each of the following symbols at least once: quarter note, quarter rest, half note, half rest, and whole note.



Extra Credit Question: Which symbol, that you have learned thus far, was not included in this assignment?

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Movie 2.5 Assignment Example

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Review 2.1 Review Chapter 2: Long symbols

Check Answer

Question 1 of 6What is the name of this symbol?

A. Quarter Note

B. Half Rest

C. Half Note

Chapter 3

Short Symbols

Some notes are shorter than one beat. If a beat is divided into two notes, then each note receives half of a beat. Each half is represented by one eighth note. Each eighth note is worth one half of a beat. An eighth note can lie by itself or be beamed (or barred) with a second eighth note.

Short Symbols

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Short Symbols

Closed Notehead

Stem

Flag

Interactive 3.1 Touch the labels of the notes to learn more about the parts of a Single Eighth Note.

+ =

1/2 + 1/2 = 1

=

1/2 + 1/2 = 1

Single Eighth Notes

Double Eighth Notes

To count eighth notes, write the beat number for the first eighth note in a pair and write an “+” (and) symbol for the second eighth note in a pair. The beat will remain the same, but we will evenly add an extra note in each beat.

Single eighth notes can also be paired with one half of a beat of silence, or an eighth rest. The counting pattern will remain the same, except the number or “+” will be small where the rest lies. Eighth rests are made of a stem and a flag.

Closed Notehead

Beam (or Bar)

Stem

Interactive 3.2 Touch the labels of the notes to learn more about the parts of Double Eighth Notes

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Play the video to practice the counting and hear what this rhythm sounds like.


Stem

Flag

A sixteenth note is one quarter of a beat, or one sixteenth of a measure. Most often sixteenth notes are beamed (or barred) together in groups four, also called quadruple sixteenth notes. There are four sixteenth notes in one beat. Discover the parts of sixteenth notes. Notice how they have two beams (or bars) or flags instead of one beam (or bar) or flag, like eighth notes.



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Stem

Closed Notehead

Double Flags

Interactive 3.3 What are the parts of a Sixteenth Note?

+ + + =

=

1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1

1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1

Single Sixteenth

Notes

QuadrupleSixteenth

Notes

To write in the counting, write the beat number under the first sixteenth note, “e” under the second, “+” (and) under the third, and “a” under the fourth.

Single sixteenth notes can also be paired with sixteenth rests to add more variety to the rhythms. A sixteenth rest looks similar to an eighth rest, but it has two flags instead of just one. Keep the counting pattern the same. Where the rest lies, make the rest number or symbol small.

Stem

Closed Notehead

Double Beams (or Bars)

Interactive 3.4 What are the parts of Beamed (or Barred) Sixteenth Notes?

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1 e + a


Movie 3.3 What do sixteenth notes sound like?

Assignment:



✴ Use each of the following symbols at least once: quarter note, quarter rest, double eighth notes, quadruple sixteenth notes, half note, half rest, and whole note.



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Movie 3.4 What do sixteenth rests sound like?

Movie 3.5 Assignment Example

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Review 3.1 Review Chapter 2: Long symbols

Check Answer

Question 1 of 6What is the name of this symbol?

A. Quarter Note

B. Eighth Note

C. Half Note

Chapter 4

Rhythm Quick Look

To add something to a note will make the value of the note smaller.

Note Quick Look

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Whole Note: Just a notehead

Half Note: Notehead + Stem

Quarter Note: Notehead + Stem + Closed Notehead

Eighth Note: Notehead + Stem + Closed Notehead + Flag (Beam/Bar)

Sixteenth Note: Notehead + Stem+ Closed Notehead + 2 Flags (Beams/Bars)

4 Beats

2 Beats + 2 Beats

1 Beat + 1 Beat + 1 Beat + 1 Beat

1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat +1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat

1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4

Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat

Rest Quick Look

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Whole Rest

Half Rest

Quarter Rest

Eighth Rest

Sixteenth Rest

4 Beats

2 Beats + 2 Beats

1 Beat + 1 Beat + 1 Beat + 1 Beat

1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat + 1/2 Beat

1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat Beat

Barline

A vertical line that separates measures, or groups of beats.

Related Glossary Terms

Index

Chapter 1 - Beat

Drag related terms here

Find Term

Beat

The pulse of the music. There can be a beat even though there is no sound.


Index

Chapter 1 - Beat


Find Term

Compose

To create music with or without guidelines.


Index

Chapter 1 - Beat


Find Term

Eighth note

A note that receives 1/2 of a beat of sound in a 4/4 time signature.

Two eighth notes beamed (or barred) together are called double eighth notes. Together two eighth notes cover the length of one beat.


Index

Chapter 3 - Short Symbols


Find Term

Eighth rest

A rest that receives half of a beat of silence in a 4/4 time signature.


Index



Find Term

Error detection

The process of catching errors in music.


Index

Chapter 1 - Beat


Find Term

Half note

A note that receives 2 beats of sound in a 4/4 time signature


Index

Chapter 2 - Long Symbols


Find Term

Half rest

A rest that receives 2 beats of silence in a 4/4 time signature


Index



Find Term

Measure

A group of pulses. Measures are separated by barlines.


Index

Chapter 1 - Beat


Find Term

Quarter note

A type of note that gets one beat of sound in a 4/4 time signature.


Index

Chapter 1 - Beat


Find Term

Quarter rest

A single beat of silence in a 4/4 time signature.


Index

Chapter 1 - Beat


Find Term

Sixteenth note

A note that lasts one quarter of a beat in a 4/4 time signature.

Four sixteenth notes that are beamed (or barred) together are called quadruple sixteenth notes. Together all four sixteenth notes will cover the length of one beat.


Index



Find Term

Sixteenth rests

A rest that lasts one quarter of a beat in a 4/4 time signature.


Index



Find Term

Time signature

2 numbers at the beginning of the music that state how many beats are in a measure and what type of note gets 1 beat. A time signature looks like a fraction without a divide line.

In 4/4, there are 4 beats in one measure and the quarter note gets one beat.

In 3/4, there are 3 beats in one measure and the quarter note gets one beat.

In 2/2, there are 2 beats in one measure and the half note gets one beat.


Index

Chapter 1 - Beat


Find Term

Whole note

A note that receives 4 beats of sound in a 4/4 time signature


Index



Find Term

Whole rest

A rest that receives 4 beats of silence in a 4/4 time signature


Index



Find Term

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