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2015/ATCWG/013 Agenda Item: 5

Rice, Health, and Food Security

Purpose: Information Submitted by: International Rice Research Institute

19th Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group Meeting

Iloilo, Philippines28-29 September 2015

1

Rice, health, and food security

V. Bruce J. Tolentino, Ph.D.Deputy Director-GeneralInternational Rice Research InstituteSeptember 2015

• Founded 1960 by Ford and Rockefeller Foundations, and Philippines;

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Philippines

Los Baos HQ

Myanmar

Burundi

India

BangladeshNepal

South KoreaChina

Vietnam

Cambodia

Laos

Indonesia

Thailand

Sri Lanka

Mozambique

Tanzania

Kenya

Iran

Pakistan

Singapore

15 Country Offices1400 staff, 36 nationalities

• Autonomous, non-profit organization, with international status by treaty;

• IRRI is unique!

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IRRI’s mission

Reduce poverty and hunger, improve health,

ensure environmental sustainability through

rice science.

Rice: the global staple• oldest food

crop;

• staple for billions

• ~ 50% of world,

• 70% of poor

4

Green revolution 1.0

1960s-70s• yields ~1.5

tons/ ha.

Today• yields 4+

tons/ ha. +Half of all rice areas in Asia are

planted to IRRI-sourced varieties.

IRRI delivered benefits of US$1.46 billion per year and boosted rice yields by an average of 11.2%.

Impact of IRRI Research

Average benefits (per ha., per year):•Philippines: US$52/ha. •Indonesia: US$76/ha.•Vietnam :

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“…scheduled castes are likely to be a major beneficiary from the spread of Swarna-Sub1”

Population by 2040?

10b!

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1 billion hungry peopleRice price

crisis!

45

50

55

60

65

70

Consumption per capita in kg/person

Thailand = 140 kgMyanmar = 228 kgPhilippines = 120 kgVietnam = 215 kg

We like rice!

Global, per person = 65 kg

7

Global rice consumption continues to grow – rapidly!

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000000 MT

Data Source: PSD Database, USDA

65 million tons increase in the past 8 years

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Asia Africa Americas Rest of World

2013 global rice consumption

Additional rice needed:112 million tons by 2040

Million tons milled rice

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Growth in global rice yield has slowed

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1970‐1990 1990‐2011

%/yr

Source of raw data: FAO, 2013

Worsening resource scarcity

Land

Labor

Water

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Arable land in Asia

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

Per capita arable land (ha/person)

E Asia

SE Asia

S Asia

Data source: FAOSTAT (2013)

Climate change WILL reduce rice productivity

10

Global warming is realy = 0.034x - 44.1

R2 = 0.20

21

22

23

24

25

26

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008

Min

imum

tem

p (C

)

Dry season

y = 0.065x - 106.1

R2 = 0.67

21

22

23

24

25

26

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008

Min

imum

tem

p (C

)

Late wet season

y = 0.034x - 44.1

R2 = 0.20

21

22

23

24

25

26

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008

Min

imum

tem

p (C

)

Dry season

y = 0.065x - 106.1

R2 = 0.67

21

22

23

24

25

26

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008

Min

imum

tem

p (C

)

Late wet season

Higher temperatures >> lower yields!

Sea level is rising

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Rice growing areas of Asia (in green)

Preliminary rice extent map developed by IRRI for the Asia-RiCE consortium using MODIS MOD09A1 data (2001-2012)

140M ha. grown in single, 2x, 3x crops per year

Monitoring rice and crop health from space

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Monitoring Rice from Space

Sentinel-1a•Launched 3rd/April/2014 by ESA•Images every 12 days•20m resolution•Soon, Sentinel-1b will enable images every 3 days

Topographical map of major Asian rice areas

Flood, saline-prone, delta and low lying areas

Drought-prone inland areas

Preliminary rice extent map, IRRI for the Asia-RiCE consortium. Flood , drought and salinity risk from IRRI assessments.

Rice growing areas = blue

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Rice ready for climate change

drought

submergence

salinity

heat

Rice genetic diversity128,000+ varieties of rice conserved in IRRI’s International Rice Genebank

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Conserving traditional / heirloom rices

Heirloom rices: sources of new traits and as gourmet and health food!

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C4 - photosynthesis rice: increase yield, water and nitrogen

use efficiency by 30-50%.

C3 AnatomyChange

BiochemChange

FineTuning+++ =C4

15-20 years of research needed

Submarino rice survives 17 to 21 days of flooding

Samba-Sub1

amba

Samba-Sub1

IR64-Sub1

IR49830 (Sub1)

IR64

IR42

IR64

IR64-Sub1

Samba-Sub1

IR49830 (Sub1)

Samba

IR64

IR64-Sub1IR49830 (Sub1)

IR42

IR64-Sub1

IR64

IR49830 (Sub1)

IR49830 (Sub1)

IR42

Samba

IR42

Samba

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Flood-tolerant rice

India

Oct. 31

Now used by 12m++ farmers

Jul 31

2 in 1: drought + submergence tolerance

SwarnaSwarna ++

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Alternate wetting and drying: Smarter water management

AWD reduces water use by 30% without yield loss.

AWD also reduces GHG!

Rice Crop Manager (RCM)Personal computer Tab or Smartphone

Philippines: http://webapps.irri.org/ph/rcm

cloud-based server

SMSPrintout

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More nutritious!

Global micronutrient deficiency – zinc, iron and vitamin A

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High-nutrient rice - with zinc, iron, and beta-carotene in the grain!

Rice Knowledge Bank

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GRiSP: more than 900 R&D partners worldwide.

Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP)

Share data on varieties released;

Allow release based on data from other countries.

Greatly reduces approval time.

Rice diplomacy!Bangladesh, India, Nepal: distributed

evaluation and release of rice varieties

Protocol signed on 18 October 2014

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Securing Stable Global Rice Supply by Building a New Generation of

ASEAN Rice Scientists

IRRI, AMAF and ATWGARD12 September 2015

TrainingShort courses

Internships

M.S./Ph.D. scholarships

Resident scientists

ExtensionProfessional training

Rice knowledge banks

Rice crop forecasting

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PhD scholarships 80 PhD scholarships (20 per year)

Resident Scientists 45 participants (9 per year)

Rice Breeding Academy

50 NARES participants (10 per year)

ASEAN Executive Forum

110 NARES participants (22 per year)

Science Education

Rice Industry Extension 125 Rice Industry Extension course participants (25 per year, total 3,125)

IT Decision ToolsPartnerships

9 ASEAN members

Satellite GIS and Forecasting for Rice

All ASEAN countries

Professional Capacity Building

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APEC network for cross-country mechanization, technology

verification and transfer

International Rice Research Institute

Proposal presented to APECIloilo, 28 September 2015