CROP WILD RELATIVES

- RICE

PREPARED BY,Bhavyasree R K

ORYZA GENUS• Two cultivated (2 n = 24, AA) – Oryza sativa– O. glaberrima

• 22 wild species (2 n = 24, 48) - AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG, KKLL, and HHJJ genome types

Sanchez et al, 2013

The Phylogenic tree

Oryza sativa“Asian rice”

Oryza glaberrima“African rice”

Tolerance to drought,acidity, Fe toxicity,P deficiency;

Resistance to

BB, blast, RYMV, African gallmidge, nematodes, weed

competitiveness

EVOLUTIONARY PATHWAYS OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN CULTIVATED RICES

Oryza nivara

Resistance to: grassy stunt virus BB

Oryza rufipogon

Resistance toBB,BlastBPHtungro virus

Moderately tolerant to Shb

Tolerance to aluminum and soil acidity, increased elongation under deep water; source of CMS and yield enhancing loci

Oryza barthii

Resistance to GLHBB

drought avoidancetolerance to heat and drought

Oryza longistaminata

Resistance to BB, nematodes

Stemborerdrought avoidance

 Oryza meridionalis

Elongation abilitydrought avoidancetolerance to heat and drought

O. glumaepatula

Oryza minuta

source of CMStolerance to heat

Resistance to BBBlast

BPHGLH

Oryza alta

Oryza brachyantha

Resistance to striped stemborerhigh biomass production

Resistance to BB, yellow

stemborer

leaf folderwhorl maggot

tolerance to laterite soil

Oryza coarctata

 Oryza officinalis

Tolerance to salinity

Resistance tothripsBPHGLH

WPH BB, stem rot

tolerance to heat

Oryza punctata

Oryza ridleyi

Resistance to BPH,BBzigzag

leafhoppertolerance to heat and drought

Resistance toBlastBB

tungro virusstem borerwhorl maggot

Figure 1: Undehusked seeds of African Oryza species. (a) Oryza longistaminata (b) Oryza glaberrima 1 (c) Oryza glaberrima 2 (d) Oryza brachyantha (e) Oryza eichingeri (f) Oryza punctata (g) Oryza barthii.

Wambugu et al. 2013

Species 2 n Genome

No. of accession

s

Distribution

Useful traits

O . sativa complexO . sativa 24 AA 96,564 Cultigen high yielding

O . glaberrima

24 A g A g

1,562 West Africa Cultigen;tolerance to drought,acidity, iron toxicity,P

deficiency;resistance to BB,blast, RYMV, African

gallmidge,nematodes, weed competitiveness

O . nivara 24 AA 1,260 Tropical and

subtropical Asia

Resistance to grassy stunt virus, BB

O . rufipogon

24 AA 858 Tropical and

subtropical Asia,tropical Australia

Resistance to BB, blast, BPH, tungro virus; moderately

tolerant to Shb, tolerance to aluminum and soil acidity, increased elongation under

deep water; source of CMS and yield enhancing loci

ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

Species 2 n Genome No. of accessions

Distribution Useful traits

O . breviligulata

O . barthii

24 A g A g 218 Africa Resistance to GLH, BB; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and

drought

O . longistaminat

a

24 A l A l 203 Africa Resistance to BB, nematodes,stemborer, drought

avoidance

O . meridionalis

24 A m A m 56 Tropical Australia

Elongation ability; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and

drought

O . glumaepatula

24 A gp A gp 54 South and Central America

Elongation ability; source of CMS; tolerance to heat

ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

Species 2 n Genome Number of accessions

Distribution Useful traits

O . officinalis complexO . punctata 24, 48 BB,

BBCC71 Africa Resistance to BPH, BB, zigzag leafhopper;

tolerance to heat and drought

O . minuta. 48 BBCC 63 Philippines and Papua

New Guinea

Resistance to BB, blast, BPH,GLH

O . officinalis 24 CC 265 Tropical and subtropical Asia tropical

Australia

Resistance to thrips, BPH, GLH, WPH, BB, stem rot; tolerance to heat

O . rhizomatis 24 CC 19 Sri Lanka Drought avoidance, resistance to blast; tolerance to heat

ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

O . eichingeri

24 CC 30 South Asia and East

Africa

Resistance to BPH, WBPH, GLH

O . latifolia 48 CCDD 40 South and Central America

Resistance to BPH, BB, high biomass production

O . alta 48 CCDD 6 South and Central America

Resistance to striped stemborer;high biomass

productionO .

grandiglumis

48 CCDD 10 South and Central America

High biomass production

O . australiens

is

24 EE 36 Tropical Australia

Resistance to BPH, BB, blast; drought avoidance; tolerance to

heat and drought

ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

O . meyeriana complexO .

granulata24 GG 24 South and

South Asia

Shade tolerance, adaptation to aerobic soil

O . meyeriana

24 GG 11 Southeast Asia

Shade tolerance; adaptation to aerobic soil

O . ridleyi complexO .

longiglumis Jansen

48 HHJJ 6 Irian Jaya, Indonesia,

and Papua New

Guinea

Resistance to blast, BB

O . ridleyi Hook . F .

48 HHJJ 15 South Asia

Resistance to blast, BB, tungro virus, stem borer, whorl

maggotO .

brachyantha

24 FF 19 Africa Resistance to BB, yellow stemborer, leaf folder, whorl maggot; tolerance to laterite

soil

ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

UnclassifiedO .

schlechteri

48 KKLL 1 Papua New

Guinea

Stoloniferous

O . coarctata

48 KKLL 1 Asian Coastal

Area

Tolerance to salinity,stoloniferous

Leersia perrieri

24 UNKNOWN

1 Africa –Shade tolerance, stoloniferous

ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

THANK YOU…..