lastClass p.1Richard E. Hughes

“The most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is

comprehensible”- Albert Einstein

lastClass p.2Richard E. Hughes

Why is the universe ~100% Matter?

lastClass p.3Richard E. Hughes

Study Matter/AntiMatter with BaBar

lastClass p.4Richard E. Hughes

SuperK Sees that Neutrinos have Mass. Why?

481 MeV muon neutrino (MC) produces 394 MeV muon which later decays at rest into 52 MeV electron.

Size of PMT corresponds to amount of light seen by the PMT. PMTs are drawn as a flat squares even though in reality they look more like huge flattened golden light bulbs.

http://www.ps.uci.edu/~tomba/sk/tscan/pictures.html

Muon neutrino muon

electron

lastClass p.5Richard E. Hughes

Study Neutrino Mass with MINOS

Near Detector: 980 tonsFar Detector: 5400 tons

Det. 2

Det. 1

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What is accelerating Cosmic Rays?

lastClass p.7Richard E. Hughes

Study cosmic rays with The Auger Observatory

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What is the Dark Energy Accelerating the Expansion of the Universe?

lastClass p.9Richard E. Hughes

Study Dark Energy with SNAP!Super Nova Acceleration ProbeProposed space-based telescope that seeks to discover several extremely distant supernovaeLawrence Berkeley National Lab & University of California at BerkeleySNAP would orbit a 3-mirror, 2-meter reflecting telescope in a high orbit over the Earth’s poles, circling the globe every 1 or 2 weeks.

By repeatedly imaging just one or two large patches of sky, SNAP could gather 2,000 type Ia supernovae in a single year, 20 times the number from a decade of ground-based search. Because of enhanced sensitivity to infrared light above the atmosphere, many of these new supernovae would be at distances and redshifts far greater than any yet found.

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Why do The Fundamental Particles have mass?

lastClass p.11Richard E. Hughes

Use ATLAS and CMS to search for the Higgs.

lastClass p.12Richard E. Hughes

Why is the top quark so different? Since the top quark is so massive, maybe it can tell us about mass

itself. Theorist Chris Hill of Fermilab claims that an understanding of the

origin of mass would rank as "an achievement on a par with the greatest scientific strides in history, like Newton's establishing the universal law of gravitation or Einstein's connection of energy to mass and the speed of light."

lastClass p.13Richard E. Hughes

Study the top quark using the CDF Detector

Fermilab; p.13©2004 Richard E. Hughes

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What is Dark Matter?

lastClass p.19Richard E. Hughes

Look for Dark Matter with GLAST